scholarly journals Directional RAPD Marker Frequency Changes in Two Divergently Selected Beet Populations

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 841C-841
Author(s):  
K.A. Eagen ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Marker Frequency ◽  
Linear Trends

In the past 20 years, betalain pigments found in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) have been adopted for use as natural red food coloring. In an effort to develop red beet populations with elevated levels of betalain pigment, recurrent half-sib family selection for high pigment and both high and low solids was practiced for seven cycles, resulting in the development of a high pigment–high solids (HPHS) and a high pigment–low solids (HPLS) population. Thirty-one randomly selected decamer primers were chosen to assess RAPD marker frequencies on genomic DNA samples isolated from 47 randomly chosen individual plants in each of cycles 1, 3, and 6 in both HPHS and HPLS. A total of 161 RAPD markers were evaluated. Chi-square and regression analyses were performed to determine presence/absence of linear trends in marker frequencies during the selection scheme. Comparisons were made for individual cycles between HPHS and HPLS and among cycles within HPHS and HPLS. Significant linear trends were detected in both cases for key RAPD primers. Chi-square tests revealed a subset of the markers which exhibited significant frequency changes across cycles were associated with selection as opposed to genetic drift. These data demonstrate changes in RAPD marker frequencies with recurrent selection and suggest linkage of RAPD markers to genes controlling pigment and solids in red beet.

scholarly journals 333 RAPD MARKER FREQUENCY CHANGES IN TWO RED BEET POPULATIONS UNDERGOING RECURRENT SELECTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 478c-478
Author(s):  
K.A. Eagen ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Linear Trends

Red beet contains betalain pigments recently adopted for use as natural food colorings. In an effort to develop beet populations with higher levels of betalain pigment, recurrent half-sib family selection for high pigment and both high and low solids was practiced in two populations for 7 cycles. PCR-based RAPD marker frequencies were assessed on genomic DNA samples isolated from 47 randomly-chosen individual plants from cycles 1, 3, and 6 in both populations. Number of PCR products per RAPD primer varied, with some yielding up to 5 scorable products. Chi-square and regression analyses were performed to determine presence/absence of linear trends in marker frequencies associated with selection. Significant linear trends in RAPD market frequencies were detected for certain primers both between populations and among cycles. These data demonstrate changes in RAPD marker frequencies with selection and suggest linkage of RAPD markers to genes controlling pigment and solids in red beet.

The Characterization of Jalapeno (Capsicum annuum) Germplasm Based on RAPD Markers and Morphology

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 514d-514
Author(s):  
Julie M. Villand ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Market Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Marker Frequency

Characterization of germplasm collections is often criticized due to the lack of relevance given to “unadapted” germplasm by commercial breeders. Within Capsicum, only specific pod types are commercially important. Jalapeno peppers are becoming increasingly important due to the increase in sale of Capsicum-based food products. Unfortunately, few Jalapeno cultivars are available to growers. A Capsicum is classified as a Jalapeno based largely on pod shape, rendering a liberal definition of a Jalapeno. Curators and breeders with knowledge of pepper collections submitted accessions characterized as a Jalapeno. These accessions were grown at two locations to cull accessions not included in the Jalapeno market class. Accessions were characterized for traits important to commercial breeders at both locations. In addition, accessions were characterized using a set of RAPD markers dispersed throughout the genome in a separate mapping population. A subset, created from RAPD marker-based estimates of genetic distance, was created to represent the range of genetic diversity available among all Jalapeno accessions analyzed. These accessions will add genetic diversity to a breeding program without changing pod type expectations. The comparison between Jalapeno accessions and currently grown Jalapeno cultivars was examined based on differences in RAPD marker frequency. In addition, differences in marker frequencies were used to compare Jalapenos and other C. annuum market types also characterized with RAPD markers. The characterization of Jalapenos will assist breeders in their future efforts to diversify their Capsicum breeding base.

The ffs Allele Conditions Flower Stem Fasciation in Red Beet

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 527f-528
Author(s):  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recessive Character ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Flower Stem

A fasciated flower stem character arose spontaneously during development of the red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) inbred line W411. The fasciated character is manifest by a flattened flower stem with petioles coalesced into a twisted, ribbonlike appearance. No fasciation is present in the vegetative stem or petioles. An inheritance study was conducted to determine the genetic control of flower stem fasciation. The inbred line W411 was used both as a male and female parent in crosses with four red beet inbred lines. Segregating progenies in both the BC1 and F2 generations were developed and scored for the fasciated flower stem character. Variable expression of the fasciated flower stem phenotype was observed in these progenies; however, the presence of flattened flower stems at the stem/hypocotyl junction was unequivocal. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests in both the BC1 and F2 generations did not deviate significantly from expected ratios for a monogenic recessive character for each genetic background. No reciprocal differences were detected for any cross in this group of four inbred lines, which suggests the lack of maternal effect for the fasciated character. The symbol ffs is proposed to describe the genetic control of the fasciated flower stem phenotype.

Detection and Mapping of RAPD Markers Associated with QTL Affecting Seed Size and Shape in Common Bean

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 547b-547
Author(s):  
Soon O. Park ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne ◽  
Geunhwa Jung ◽  
E. Arnaud-Santana ◽  
H. Ariyarathne
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Ri Lines

Seed size is an important trait in common bean. The objective was to identify RAPD markers associated with QTL for seed weight, seed length, and seed height in a molecular marker-based linkage map in a recombinant inbred (RI) population from the common bean cross of the larger seeded (100 seed/39 to 47 g) PC-50 (ovate seed shape) × smaller seeded (100 seed/26 to 35 g) XAN-159 (flat rhomboidal seed shape). The parents and RI lines were grown in two separate greenhouse and two field (Wisconsin, Dominican Republic) experiments using a RCBD. Continuous distributions for seed weight, seed length, and seed height were observed for RI lines indicating quantitative inheritance. One to three QTLs affecting seed weight explained 17% to 41% of the phenotypic variation. Two to three QTLs for seed length explained 23% to 45% of the phenotypic variation. One to four QTL associated with seed height explained 17% to 39% of the phenotypic variation. A RAPD marker M5.850 in linkage group 3 was consistently associated with seed weight, seed length, and seed height in all experiments and explained 7% to 13% of the phenotypic variation for these traits. A seedcoat pattern morphological marker (C) in linkage group 1 was associated with seed weight and seed height in two greenhouse experiments.

Multivariate analysis to quantify genetic diversity and family selection in sour passion fruit under recurrent selection

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Fernanda Nunes Ferreira ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
Maria Helena Menezes Cordeiro ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Eileen Azevedo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA linkage relationships in different Norway spruce populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1456-1461
Author(s):  
M Troggio ◽  
T L Kubisiak ◽  
G Bucci ◽  
P Menozzi
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Consensus Map ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Linkage Relationships

We tested the constancy of linkage relationships of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker loci used to construct a population-based consensus map in material from an Italian stand of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in 29 individuals from three Norwegian populations. Thirteen marker loci linked in the Italian stand did show a consistent locus ordering in the Norwegian population. The remaining 16 unlinked marker loci were spread over different linkage groups and (or) too far apart both in the population map and in this study. The limited validity of RAPD markers as genomic "hallmarks" resilient across populations is discussed. We also investigated the reliability of RAPD markers; only 58% of the RAPD markers previously used to construct the consensus map in the Italian population were repeatable in the same material. Of the repeatable ones 76.3% were amplified and found polymorphic in 29 megagametophyte sibships from three Norwegian populations.

Mother Gold Code Family Selection Scheme for Concatenation and Truncation based Code Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Sungyeol Back ◽  
Junseong Kim ◽  
Suyong Choi ◽  
Wangrok Oh
Keyword(s):  
Code Design ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Gold Code

scholarly journals Segregation for Resistance to Eastern Filbert Blight in Progeny of `Zimmerman' Hazelnut

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
China F. Lunde ◽  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
David C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Eastern Filbert Blight

Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is an important disease of european hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in the Pacific northwestern United States. In 1989, a chance seedling free of EFB was discovered adjacent to a severely diseased orchard near Troutdale, Ore. This selection, subsequently named `Zimmerman', was crossed with three susceptible selections. Based on morphological characters and incompatibility alleles, we speculated that `Zimmerman' (S1 S3) was a hybrid between `Barcelona' (S1 S2) and `Gasaway' (S3 S26). The three seedling populations were inoculated with spores of the pathogen in a greenhouse test and assayed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by observation of canker incidence. The observed segregation fit a 3 resistant : 1 susceptible ratio in all three progenies, in contrast to the 1 : 1 ratio found when the resistant pollinizer `Gasaway' was crossed to susceptible genotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker UBC 152800 linked to the resistance gene in `Gasaway' co-segregated with the resistant phenotype in all three populations with 2%, 4%, and 6% recombination, respectively. Seed germination and transplanting records did not provide evidence of selection in favor of resistant seedlings. Pollen germination was 71% in `Gasaway', 29% in `Zimmerman', and 18% in `Barcelona', indicating possible selection at the gametophytic level. Subsequently 16 resistant seedlings of `Zimmerman' were crossed with the highly susceptible selection OSU 313.078. Segregation fit a 3 : 1 ratio in 14 of the 16 progenies, and showed a surplus of resistant seedlings in the other two. None showed a 1 : 1 segregation. Resistance co-segregated with two RAPD markers that flank the `Gasaway' resistance allele. To test allelism of resistance from `Gasaway' and `Zimmerman', VR 6-28 with resistance from `Gasaway' was crossed with `Zimmerman'. Eight resistant selections from this progeny were crossed with OSU 313.078. Five of the eight progenies segregated 3 : 1, two progenies segregated 1 : 1, and OSU 313.078 × OSU 720.056 gave only resistant offspring. The ratios indicate that OSU 720.056 is homozygous resistant and that `Zimmerman' and `Gasaway' share a common resistance allele. Reciprocal translocations have been reported in hazelnut cultivars, including `Barcelona', the leading cultivar in Oregon. `Zimmerman' appears to be a hybrid of `Barcelona' and `Gasaway', but because of cytogenetic abnormalities, `Zimmerman' may have inherited two copies of the chromosome region that contain the resistance locus and flanking RAPD markers. If the region containing the resistance were attached to two independent centromeres, a 3 : 1 segregation ratio for disease response and flanking markers would be expected, and we propose this as the most likely explanation. Resistance from `Gasaway' and `Zimmerman' has been called “immunity” or “complete resistance.” However, we noted a few seedlings with small cankers, nearly all of which lacked sporulating stromata. Flanking RAPD markers indicate that the resistance allele is present in these seedlings. Although not “immune” or “completely resistant,” `Gasaway' and `Zimmerman' transmit a very high level of resistance.

scholarly journals RAPD ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF AEGILOPS SP. FROM SOUTH ADRIATIC

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ ◽  
Sofija PETROVIĆ ◽  
Borislav BANJAC ◽  
Goran BARAĆ
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Novel Approach

New challenges that food production is facing, requires novel approach inagricultural strategy. The scissors of growing demand for food and the limits of theEarth's resources are forcing plant breeders to run for the new borders, utilizing allthe available genetic variation in order to create fruitful and economically soundcultivars. Aegilops sp. (Poaceae) is a potential source of genetic variation for wheatimprovement. RAPD marker analysis was used in order to distinguish and evaluatedifferent genotypes of Aegilops sp. population samples from the collectiongathered during few years’ expeditions in South Adriatic, along the coastal, littoraland the inland parts of Montenegro. Ten randomly amplified polymorphic DNAmarkers (RAPDs) were tested: OPA-05, OPA-08, OPB-06, OPA-02, OPA-07,OPA-25, OPB-07, OPB-18, OPC-06, OPC-10 to examine genetic structuring on 18samples of 6 populations of different Aegilops sp. According to global AMOVA,75% of total gene diversity was attributable mostly to diversity within population(ΦPT =0.205 p=0.001), indicating that the groups of studied goat grass populationswere seemingly to differing genetically. In contrast, 25% of the variation camefrom variation among populations. According to PCoA, the distribution of 18 goatgrass accessions by Principal Coordinate Analysis shows 3 distinct groups. PCoaxis 1, PCo axis 2, and PCo axis 3 account for 20.8%, 18.2% and 14.1% of thevariation, respectively. The results showed that RAPD markers could be aconvenient tool for investigating genetic variation and for detecting geneticstructuring of populations. Genetic variability formed under natural selection wasentrenched.

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