scholarly journals 333 RAPD MARKER FREQUENCY CHANGES IN TWO RED BEET POPULATIONS UNDERGOING RECURRENT SELECTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 478c-478
Author(s):  
K.A. Eagen ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Linear Trends

Red beet contains betalain pigments recently adopted for use as natural food colorings. In an effort to develop beet populations with higher levels of betalain pigment, recurrent half-sib family selection for high pigment and both high and low solids was practiced in two populations for 7 cycles. PCR-based RAPD marker frequencies were assessed on genomic DNA samples isolated from 47 randomly-chosen individual plants from cycles 1, 3, and 6 in both populations. Number of PCR products per RAPD primer varied, with some yielding up to 5 scorable products. Chi-square and regression analyses were performed to determine presence/absence of linear trends in marker frequencies associated with selection. Significant linear trends in RAPD market frequencies were detected for certain primers both between populations and among cycles. These data demonstrate changes in RAPD marker frequencies with selection and suggest linkage of RAPD markers to genes controlling pigment and solids in red beet.

scholarly journals Directional RAPD Marker Frequency Changes in Two Divergently Selected Beet Populations

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 841C-841
Author(s):  
K.A. Eagen ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Marker Frequency ◽  
Linear Trends

In the past 20 years, betalain pigments found in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) have been adopted for use as natural red food coloring. In an effort to develop red beet populations with elevated levels of betalain pigment, recurrent half-sib family selection for high pigment and both high and low solids was practiced for seven cycles, resulting in the development of a high pigment–high solids (HPHS) and a high pigment–low solids (HPLS) population. Thirty-one randomly selected decamer primers were chosen to assess RAPD marker frequencies on genomic DNA samples isolated from 47 randomly chosen individual plants in each of cycles 1, 3, and 6 in both HPHS and HPLS. A total of 161 RAPD markers were evaluated. Chi-square and regression analyses were performed to determine presence/absence of linear trends in marker frequencies during the selection scheme. Comparisons were made for individual cycles between HPHS and HPLS and among cycles within HPHS and HPLS. Significant linear trends were detected in both cases for key RAPD primers. Chi-square tests revealed a subset of the markers which exhibited significant frequency changes across cycles were associated with selection as opposed to genetic drift. These data demonstrate changes in RAPD marker frequencies with recurrent selection and suggest linkage of RAPD markers to genes controlling pigment and solids in red beet.

The ffs Allele Conditions Flower Stem Fasciation in Red Beet

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 527f-528
Author(s):  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recessive Character ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Flower Stem

A fasciated flower stem character arose spontaneously during development of the red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) inbred line W411. The fasciated character is manifest by a flattened flower stem with petioles coalesced into a twisted, ribbonlike appearance. No fasciation is present in the vegetative stem or petioles. An inheritance study was conducted to determine the genetic control of flower stem fasciation. The inbred line W411 was used both as a male and female parent in crosses with four red beet inbred lines. Segregating progenies in both the BC1 and F2 generations were developed and scored for the fasciated flower stem character. Variable expression of the fasciated flower stem phenotype was observed in these progenies; however, the presence of flattened flower stems at the stem/hypocotyl junction was unequivocal. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests in both the BC1 and F2 generations did not deviate significantly from expected ratios for a monogenic recessive character for each genetic background. No reciprocal differences were detected for any cross in this group of four inbred lines, which suggests the lack of maternal effect for the fasciated character. The symbol ffs is proposed to describe the genetic control of the fasciated flower stem phenotype.

Multivariate analysis to quantify genetic diversity and family selection in sour passion fruit under recurrent selection

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Fernanda Nunes Ferreira ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
Maria Helena Menezes Cordeiro ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Eileen Azevedo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

scholarly journals 171. Rising Rates of Gram-Negative Bacilli Blood Stream (GNB-BSI) Infection in Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S109-S109
Author(s):  
Leonard B Johnson ◽  
Riad Khatib ◽  
Dima Youssef ◽  
Babak Hooshmand ◽  
Mohamad G Fakih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rate Table ◽  
Linear Trends

Abstract Background Monitoring bloodstream infections provides updates of the microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility trends. We elected to examine GNB-BSI. Methods We retrospectively studied adults (≥18 years old) inpatients with gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infection (BSI; January 1, 2010–December 31, 2017), determined the demographics, onset place, microbiology and source. The results were stratified to study year and evaluated by the extended Mantel–Haenszel chi square for linear trends. Results GNB were encountered in 4520/14314 (31.6%) positive blood culture (BC) accounting for 2811 BSI episodes (2291 patients) with a steadily increasing rate (table). The 3 most common organisms were Escherichia coli (EC; 44.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP; 19.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA; 9.6%). GNB-BSI rate increase was mainly in EC-BSI (P = 0.01). The rate of other GNB-BSI did not change. Source distribution of EC-BSI did not change and antibiotic resistance did not change. Conclusion GNB-BSI is rising, primarily due to EC, without changes in source distribution or antibiotic susceptibility. Prospective studies to look at EC lineage and virulence factors are needed to determine the reason for EC-BSI rise. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Factors Lowering Levels of Rabies Vaccination: A case of Kibaha Town District of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
F.M. Chikoondo ◽  
K.S. Majid ◽  
C.A.R. Mpelumbe-Ngeleja
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Linear Trends ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A study was conducted in Kibaha Town Council of Pwani Region of Tanzania to survey the probable factors that negatively affected the anti-rabies vaccinations leading to low percent coverage in some selected wards. The data used in this study were gathered from households keeping dogs and cats and institutions, using a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews. Another set of data was the record of the rabies control programme at the district veterinary office. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS.16, Microsoft Excel 2007 and EpiInfoTM7. The enquiry instrument centred on three main fields, namely, knowledge of respondents about rabies, responsible dog ownership and their perception of issues pertaining to the conduct of the rabies control programme. The results showed that the last round of vaccination covered dogs for 57% of the sampled households in the selected wards. A huge percentage of the respondents (64%) kept the wrong perception that clinical rabies could be cured. Only 34% of the respondents indicated that they had been taught about rabies in a WHO project area. It was also learnt that there was an outbreak of rabies in the district after 2 years of consecutively vaccinating the dogs in the area. The Chi- square test for linear trends showed very highly significant statistical differences in the progression of numbers of dogs vaccinated over the years (p<0.05; = 0.0000). This study concludes that, lack of sufficient knowledge on rabies and negative attitude towards the control programme were the biggest drawbacks on the vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals Developing RAPD Markers for Grape Breeding

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 609f-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lu ◽  
O. Lamikanra ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
D. Ramming
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Scar Marker ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Pooled Dna ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Grape Breeding

The grape is an important horticultural crop that is grown worldwide. Breeding a new grape cultivar by conventional means normally will take several generations of backcross, at least 15 years. The efficiency and speed of selection can be accelerated if genetic markers are available for early screening. This project is designed to generate RAPD markers linked to viticulturally important traits, including seedlessness and pistillate genes. A F1 population with 64 progenies of V. vinifera was used for the RAPD analysis. Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) method was used for RAPD primer screening. Three-hundred primers were screened between the two pairs of pooled DNA samples, seeded and seedlessness, pistillate and perfect flowers. At least 10 primers produced one polymorphism each between the pools. Further analysis revealed that one of these RAPDs cosegregated tightly with the seedlessness trait, while the others either had loose linkage or no linkage to the traits. To make the RAPD marker useful for breeding selection, an attempt was made to convert it into SCAR marker. The results demonstrated that the RAPD marker may be useful for grape breeding and interpreting inheritance of a particular trait in grapes.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic diversity of cactus species (Opuntia spp.) in Morocco by morphological traits and molecular markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. El Kharrassi ◽  
M.A. Mazri ◽  
M.H. Sedra ◽  
A. Mabrouk ◽  
B . Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
Opuntia Spp ◽  
Issr Primers

The genetic diversity within and among 124 accessions of Opuntia spp. collected from different regions of Morocco was assessed using morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Based on 10 morphological traits, the accessions were separated into 3 main clusters; each cluster was containing accessions from different regions and species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then performed on 22 accessions from different regions and species, with 10 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and one random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primer. ISSR primers produced 66 bands overall, 64 (96.9 %) of which were polymorphic while 6 bands were generated by the RAPD marker, all polymorphic. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.62 to 0.97, with an average of 0.82. The dendrogram of genetic differences generated using the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method showed 7 different clusters at a similarity of 0.76, which was confirmed by the principal component analysis (PCA). The main conclusion of our work is the high genetic similarity between Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia megacantha species in Morocco. Our results will be useful for plant breeding and genetic resource conservation programs.

A rapid PCR protocol for marker assisted detection of heterozygotes in segregating generations involving 1BL/1RS translocation and normal wheat lines

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Nadella ◽  
A. S. Peake ◽  
H. S. Bariana ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
I. D. Godwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Pcr Test

A rapid and reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based protocol was developed for detecting zygosity of the 1BL/1RS translocation in hexaploid wheat. The protocol involved a multiplex PCR with 2 pairs of oligonucleotide primers, rye-specific Ris-1 primers, and consensus 5S intergenic spacer (IGS) primers, and digestion of the PCR products with the restriction enzyme, MseI. A small piece of alkali-treated intact leaf tissue is used as a template for the PCR, thereby eliminating the necessity for DNA extraction. The test is simple, highly sensitive, and rapid compared with the other detection systems of 1BS1RS heterozygotes in hexaploid wheat. PCR results were confirmed with AFLP analyses. Diagnostic tests for 1BL/1RS translocation based on Sec-1-specific ELISA, screening for chromosome arm 1RS controlled rust resistance locus Yr9, and the PCR test differed in their ability to detect heterozygotes. The PCR test and rust test detected more heterozygotes than the ELISA test. The PCR test is being used to facilitate S1 family recurrent selection in the Germplasm Enhancement Program of the Australian Northern Wheat Improvement Program. A combination of the PCR zygosity test with other markers currently being implemented in the breeding program makes this test economical for 1BL/1RS characterisation of S1 families.

Development of a SCAR marker linked to the I gene in common bean

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Melotto ◽  
L. Afanador ◽  
J. D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
I Gene

Two 24-mer SCAR primers (SW13) were developed from a previously identified 10-mer RAPD primer (OW13690) linked to the I gene, which conditions resistance to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in common bean. Linkage between SW13 and the I gene was tested in three F2 populations segregating for both SW13 and the I gene: N84004/Michelite (1.0 ± 0.7 cM), Seafarer/UI-114 (1.3 ± 0.8 cM), and G91201/Alpine (5.0 ± 2.2 cM). SW13 proved to be more specific and reproducible than the OW13690 RAPD marker. Using different heat-stable DNA polymerases, SW13 amplified a single 690-bp fragment linked to the I gene that more consistently permitted the identification of resistant plants. In addition, the presence of the I gene was detected using SW13 in genotypes originating from different gene pools of Phaseolus vulgaris L., indicating a broad utility of this marker for bean breeding programs. Key words : Phaseolus vulgaris, SCAR, RAPD, BCMV.

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