Vernalization Accelerates Flowering of Lysimachia clethroides Duby

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508b-508
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Lewis ◽  
Alan M. Armitage ◽  
Jim M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Lysimachia Clethroides ◽  
Shoot Emergence

The effect of vernalization method and duration on off-season cut flower production of Lysimachia clethroides Duby was examined. Rhizomes harvested in October were cooled for 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 weeks at 4 ± 1 °C in crates with unmilled sphagnum peat or in 3.75-L pots with potting media prior to forcing in a warm greenhouse. After 6 or more weeks of cooling, shoots emerged from crate-cooled rhizomes in higher percentages than from pot-cooled rhizomes. However, only the duration of cooling, not the method, affected the rate of shoot emergence, visible bud formation and anthesis of the first bud in the raceme. As cooling increased from 0 to 12 weeks, the greenhouse days required for shoot emergence, visible bud formation and anthesis decreased linearly. The number of flowering flushes and flowering stems varied quadratically with cooling duration, and the highest yields occurred when rhizomes received between 4 and 10 weeks of cooling. As the number of successive flowering flushes increased, the stem length increased linearly while the stem diameter decreased linearly. High numbers of flowers were produced rapidly after 10 weeks of cooling.

scholarly journals Cooling Accelerates Flowering of Lysimachia clethroides Duby

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Lewis ◽  
Allan M. Armitage ◽  
James M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Lysimachia Clethroides ◽  
Shoot Emergence

The effect of cooling method and duration on off-season cut flower production of Lysimachia clethroides Duby was examined. Rhizomes harvested in October were cooled for 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks at 4 ± 1 °C in crates with unmilled sphagnum peat moss or in 3.75-L pots filled with a commercial soilless medium prior to forcing in a warm greenhouse. After 6 or more weeks of cooling, shoots emerged from crates in higher percentages than from pots. However, only the duration of cooling, not the method, affected the rate of shoot emergence, visible bud formation, and anthesis of the first bud in the raceme. As cooling increased from 0 to 12 weeks, the greenhouse days required for shoot emergence, visible bud formation, and anthesis decreased linearly. The number of flowering flushes and flowering stems produced per plant varied quadratically with cooling duration, and the highest yields occurred when rhizomes received between 4 and 10 weeks of cooling. High numbers of flowers were produced rapidly after 10 weeks of cooling. As the number of successive flowering flushes increased, the stem length increased linearly while the stem diameter decreased linearly.

Production of the Australian native daisies (Helipterum roseum and Helichrysum bracteatum) for the cut flower market

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
KV Sharman ◽  
M Sedgley ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Stem Length ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Spring Peak ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Helichrysum Bracteatum ◽  
Optimum Production

Cut flower production of 2 Australian native daisies, Helipterum roseum and Helichrysum bracteatum, was investigated in the glasshouse and outdoors at 4 planting times. Both species exhibited a long day response with floral initiation occurring in any photoperiod but with peak production following longer days. Peaks in bloom production occurred during the spring and summer regardless of planting time. Floral abnormalities were observed in Helipterum roseum in all environments and planting times with the exception of the outdoor winter planting. There was a tendency for inflorescence diameter of both species and stem length of Helipterum roseum to decline with time from anthesis of the apical inflorescence. Optimum production of top quality blooms of Helipterum roseum extended from October to January following planting between autumn and spring. Peak production of Helichrysum bracteatum between December and March can be expected following planting during winter and spring. It may be possible to extend these seasons by weekly planting from autumn to spring. In addition, the imposition of extended photoperiod or night break treatments following summer or autumn planting may fulfil the photoperiod requirements of the plants and stimulate increased production between March and November. It is proposed that both species be considered for the fresh cut flower market, with Helipterum roseum marketed as single stems and Helichrysum bracteatum as sprays.

scholarly journals FIELD-GROWN CUT FLOWERS: AN ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS FOR PRODUCTION IN THE OZARKS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 659d-659
Author(s):  
Gloria McIntosh ◽  
Gerald Klingaman
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Response ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
Number Of Stems

Several cut flower species were studied to determine their feasibility for cut flower production. Three fertilizer treatments (0.5, .1, and .15kg/m2 respectively) were used and their effect on number of stems, stem length and fresh weight were determined. Celosia cristata and Ageratum houstonianum `Blue Horizon' proved to respond best to fertilizer treatments. Celosia fertilized at a rate of .15kg/m2 will produce approximately 200 stems/m2. Ageratum will produce appoximately 400 stems/m2 when fertilized at a rate of .10kg/m2. Fertlizer rates of .10 and .15 kg/m2 for Eustoma culture yielded 86 stems/m2, which was lower than other species used in this test. Extended vase life and consumer response could possibly justify using this species in cut flower production. An economic break-even analysis will be presented to show what price will have to be received per stem to cover costs.

scholarly journals Effect of Plastic Mulch Color on Cut Flower Production of Snapdragon and Dianthus in a High Tunnel Production System

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
William G. Sherrer ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Auburn University ◽  
Dianthus Barbatus ◽  
Inflorescence Length

The objective of these studies was to determine the effects of colored plastic mulch in a high tunnel production system on cut flower production of ‘Potomac Appleblossom’, ‘Potomac Orange’, ‘Potomac Pink’, ‘Potomac Yellow’, and ‘Supreme Gold Yellow’ snapdragons (Antirhinum majus) in 2007 and ‘Cool Bronze’, ‘Cool Rose’, and ‘Cool White’ snapdragons and ‘Amazon Neon Purple’ dianthus (Dianthus barbatus) in 2008. In 2007, snapdragons were evaluated on blue (BM), red (RM), or white plastic mulch (WM) at the Auburn University, E.V. Smith Research Center (Shorter, AL). Over all cultivars, total stem length, inflorescence length, and stem diameter values were highest on BM and lowest on RM, though inflorescence lengths and stem diameters were not different on BM and WM. ‘Potomac Orange’ and ‘Supreme Gold Yellow’ had the longest total stem lengths and ‘Potomac Yellow’ the shortest while ‘Potomac Pink’ and ‘Potomac Yellow’ had the highest stem diameters and ‘Potomac Appleblossom’ had the lowest over all mulch colors. In 2008, ‘Cool Bronze’, ‘Cool Rose’, and ‘Cool White’ snapdragons and ‘Amazon Neon Purple’ dianthus were evaluated on black (BkM), blue, red, or white mulch or bare ground (BG) at the Auburn University, Wiregrass Experiment Station (Headland, AL). Total stem lengths were highest on BkM and lowest on BG over all cultivars, however the second highest total stem length was on BM, which is in agreement with the 2007 study where BkM was not included. Inflorescence lengths and stem diameters were highest on BkM, BM, and RM in 2008, which agrees with results for 2007 for BM, but not for RM. The same pattern of differences was found for stem diameters. ‘Cool Bronze’ had the highest total stem lengths, inflorescence lengths, and stem diameters while ‘Cool Rose’ had the lowest over all mulch colors. For ‘Amazon Neon Purple’ dianthus, BkM and BM resulted in the highest stem numbers and stem lengths. These studies were conducted at two different locations and at two different times of the year. Though there were inconsistencies in response to mulch color, BkM and BM generally resulted in longer and thicker stems in snapdragons and the highest stem numbers and stem lengths in dianthus.

scholarly journals Field Performance of Cut Flower Rose Cultivars in Mississippi

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-739
Author(s):  
Crofton Sloan ◽  
Susan S. Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Adjacent Field ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Field Production

Rose (Rosa) cultivars from two breeders, Meilland Star and W. Kordes Söhne, were planted in field beds at Verona, Mississippi, to evaluate cut flower production potential. Seventeen cultivars of an outdoor cut flower series of roses from W. Kordes Söhne and nine cultivars of the Romantica series from Meilland Star were planted in adjacent field beds. The number of stems produced per plant and stem length were measured to assess the field production potential of cut flower stems in Mississippi. Based on 2 years of assessment, the best performing W. Kordes Söhne roses were ‘Fantasia Mondiale’, ‘Masquerade’, and ‘Pinguin’, averaging three to 12 stems/plant per month that were at least 30 cm long, and the best Meilland Star cultivars for outdoor cut flower production were ‘Frederic Mistral’, ‘Michelangelo’, ‘The McCartney Rose’, and ‘Traviata’, averaging three to 20 stems/plant per month that were at least 30 cm long. These cultivars performed well during the heat of the Mississippi summer.

scholarly journals ‘Namakwa’ lachenalia’s response to flurprimidol and different planting dates

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kapczyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Kidawska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Inflorescence Stems ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Pot Plant

AbstractThe genusLachenaliahas great potential as a floriculture crop used as a pot plant or cut flower. Flurprimidol preplant bulb soaks (from 15 to 30 mg dm−3) and foliar sprays (from 15 to 60 mg dm−3) were applied for the growth control of ‘Namakwa’Lachenalia. Bulbs were planted in November, December, January and February and cultivated in a greenhouse. With a delaying of planting time, more compact plants with shorter and wider leaves and with floriferous inflorescence stems were obtained. Floret length, stem diameter and leaf number remained unaffected by planting date and flurprimidol treatment. The most evident impact of flurprimidol on shortening leaf and inflorescence stem length was noted after soaking the bulbs in 30 mg dm−3. The later the planting date, the shorter the time to the beginning of flowering. Soaking the bulbs in flurprimidol at 15 and 30 mg dm−3and spraying with flurprimidol at 60 mg dm−3resulted in a delay of flowering by 3-6 days.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CRASPEDIA UNIFLORA.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092a-1092
Author(s):  
David C. Annis ◽  
Terri Starman
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Long Day

Flowers of Craspedi a uniflora (Billy Buttons), a New Zealand annual plant, have been introduced recently into the U.S.A. florist market. Craspedia is relatively unknown in the U.S.A., but is beginning to be utilized by florists as a cut flower and has potential for specialty cut flower production. Craspedia uniflora cut flowers were grown from seed in an inflated, double-layer, polyethylene greenhouse. Short day (SD) and long day (LD) photoperiod treatments were applied by daylength reduction via black cloth and night interruption lighting, respectively. Treatments began 10 weeks after sowing (15 leaf stage) and continued until harvest. Gibberellic acid was applied as a single foliar spray to runoff at 0 and 500 mg·liter-1 at initiation of photoperiod treatment. Long day treatment reduced days to anthesis, increased flower number, and decreased stem length and plant fresh weight. Gibberellic acid (500 mg·liter-1) increased foliage height under both photo period treatments and increased plant dry weight under LD but reduced dry weight under SD treatment. Flower fresh weight, diameter and bud number were not affected by treatment.

scholarly journals Photoperiod Affects Growth and Flowering of Lysimachia clethroides Duby

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-599
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Lewis ◽  
Allan M. Armitage ◽  
James M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Lysimachia Clethroides ◽  
Short Days

Gooseneck loosestrife (Lysimachia clethroides Duby) rhizomes were cooled for 10 weeks at 4 ± 1 °C prior to greenhouse forcing in continuous long days (LD); continuous short days (SD); 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks of SD followed by LD until anthesis; and 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks of LD followed by SD. None of the plants grown in continuous SD flowered, and fewer than 30% of plants flowered when grown in 4, 6, or 8 weeks of LD followed by SD for 21 to 25 weeks. At least 10 weeks of LD prior to SD were required to obtain 70% flowering. Plants receiving continuous LD or 4, 6, or 8 weeks of SD followed by LD flowered in the highest percentages (85% to 90%), but only 10% of plants receiving 10 weeks of SD followed by LD flowered. The number of greenhouse days required for visible bud formation and anthesis increased linearly as initial SD exposure increased, but the number of racemes produced by flowering plants was not affected. Plant height was greatest in continuous LD, and decreased linearly as initial SD exposure prior to LD increased from 0 to 10 weeks. Plants grown in continuous SD remained vegetative rosettes throughout the experiment, and their height increased linearly as initial LD prior to SD increased from 0 (continuous SD) to 10 weeks. These results demonstrate that supplemental LD lighting can promote growth and flowering in this species and that lighting can be discontinued 3 weeks before harvest of cut flower crops.

scholarly journals CUT FLOWER PRODUCTION IN NORTHEAST TEXAS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 272A-272
Author(s):  
Garry V. McDonald ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Stem Length ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Input Structure ◽  
Valentine's Day

Cut flower production in a low-input greenhouse for winter and spring holiday sales was evaluated. Low-input structure was a plastic covered Quonset greenhouse modified with sides that could be manually raised or lowered. Sides were raised on mild days for ventilation and remained closed for minimum heating for the few brief periods of sub-freezing temperatures characteristic of the local winter climate. Bulbs of tulip (Tulipa sp L.) cultivars `Maureen', `Negrita', and `Oxford' were dry cooled for 12 weeks and planted in December for Valentine's Day forcing. 30% shading did not significantly increase stem length in `Maureen' and `Oxford' but did increase stem length in `Negrita'. `Oxford' was at a harvestable stage for the. Valentine's Day market, but not `Maureen' or `Negrita'. All cultivars were of an acceptable quality. Plugs of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) cultivars `Appleblossom', `Potomac white', and `Rocket Rose' were planted in late winter at 4 and 6 inch spacing and were either pinched or not pinched. For all cultivars, pinching resulted in higher yield but lower grade. Four inch spacing had a slightly larger number of higher grade stems possibly due to stretching. `Appleblossom' and `Potomac White' were florist grade, whereas `Rocket Rose' was more appropriate for mass marker For both tulip and snapdragon, cultivar evaluation is necessary to determine suitable market strategy.

scholarly journals North American Specialty Cut Flower Production and Postharvest Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian E. Loyola ◽  
John M. Dole ◽  
Rebecca Dunning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Flower Production

In the United States and Canada, there has been an increase in the demand for local specialty cut flowers and a corresponding increase in production. To assess the needs of the industry, we electronically surveyed 1098 cut flower producers and handlers in the United States and Canada regarding their current cut flower production and postharvest problems, and customer issues. We received a total of 210 responses, resulting in a 19% response rate. The results showed that the main production problem was insect management; crop timing was the second most important problem and disease management was the third. Crop timing encompasses a range of related issues such as determining the correct harvest stage, harvest windows that are too short, flowering all at once, or lack of control when the crop is ready to harvest. The main postharvest problems were temperature management, hydration, and flower food management. Timing and stem length were the two most mentioned species-specific production issues, with each one listed by 10% or more of the respondents for eight of the total 31 species. Regarding on-farm postharvest handling, hydration and vase life were the two most mentioned issues; they were reported for five and three species, respectively. For postharvest during storage and transport, damage and hydration were the most common issues; these were listed for three species each. The most commonly mentioned customer complaints were vase life and shattering, which were reported for six and two species, respectively. These results will allow researchers and businesses to focus on the major cut flower production and postharvest issues and on crops that are most in need of improvement in North America.

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