‘Namakwa’ lachenalia’s response to flurprimidol and different planting dates

AbstractThe genusLachenaliahas great potential as a floriculture crop used as a pot plant or cut flower. Flurprimidol preplant bulb soaks (from 15 to 30 mg dm−3) and foliar sprays (from 15 to 60 mg dm−3) were applied for the growth control of ‘Namakwa’Lachenalia. Bulbs were planted in November, December, January and February and cultivated in a greenhouse. With a delaying of planting time, more compact plants with shorter and wider leaves and with floriferous inflorescence stems were obtained. Floret length, stem diameter and leaf number remained unaffected by planting date and flurprimidol treatment. The most evident impact of flurprimidol on shortening leaf and inflorescence stem length was noted after soaking the bulbs in 30 mg dm−3. The later the planting date, the shorter the time to the beginning of flowering. Soaking the bulbs in flurprimidol at 15 and 30 mg dm−3and spraying with flurprimidol at 60 mg dm−3resulted in a delay of flowering by 3-6 days.

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Vernalization Accelerates Flowering of Lysimachia clethroides Duby

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.508b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 508b-508

Author(s):

Pamela M. Lewis ◽

Alan M. Armitage ◽

Jim M. Garner

Keyword(s):

Stem Diameter ◽

Stem Length ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Bud Formation ◽

Flower Production ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Potting Media ◽

Lysimachia Clethroides ◽

Shoot Emergence

The effect of vernalization method and duration on off-season cut flower production of Lysimachia clethroides Duby was examined. Rhizomes harvested in October were cooled for 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 weeks at 4 ± 1 °C in crates with unmilled sphagnum peat or in 3.75-L pots with potting media prior to forcing in a warm greenhouse. After 6 or more weeks of cooling, shoots emerged from crate-cooled rhizomes in higher percentages than from pot-cooled rhizomes. However, only the duration of cooling, not the method, affected the rate of shoot emergence, visible bud formation and anthesis of the first bud in the raceme. As cooling increased from 0 to 12 weeks, the greenhouse days required for shoot emergence, visible bud formation and anthesis decreased linearly. The number of flowering flushes and flowering stems varied quadratically with cooling duration, and the highest yields occurred when rhizomes received between 4 and 10 weeks of cooling. As the number of successive flowering flushes increased, the stem length increased linearly while the stem diameter decreased linearly. High numbers of flowers were produced rapidly after 10 weeks of cooling.

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Effect of planting time and supplemental irradiation on growth and flowering of Lachenalia ‘Romaud’

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/203/2017-hortsci ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 72-80

Author(s):

Anna Kapczyńska

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Specific Time ◽

Natural Lighting ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Inflorescence Stems ◽

Pot Plant

Growth and flowering of lachenalia ‘Romaud’ was studied with reference to its commercial potential as pot plant and the need to obtain flowering plants at a specific time. The experiment was carried out in a heated glasshouse. Lachenalia bulbs were planted in November, December, January and February. The plants were exposed to two lighting regimes, natural lighting and natural lighting with supplemental irradiation (HPS lamps). The later the planting date was, the faster the bulbs flowered, and they produced thicker inflorescence stems with greater number of florets. Depending on the bulb planting date and light conditions, the plants flowered from February to May. The leaves obtained from the bulbs planted in November and December were longer than those produced by the bulbs planted in January and February. Compared with control, supplemental irradiation accelerated flowering by 10–13 days and positively affected plant features by promoting the growth of thicker inflorescence stems with more abundant and longer florets. The leaves of irradiated bulbs were shorter (apart from the bulbs planted in February) and were characterised by a higher content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids as compared with control. Plants grown under HPS light also had the higher dry weight of bulbs, leaves and stems.

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Production of the Australian native daisies (Helipterum roseum and Helichrysum bracteatum) for the cut flower market

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9890445 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 445 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

KV Sharman ◽

M Sedgley ◽

D Aspinall

Keyword(s):

Stem Length ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Planting Time ◽

Flower Production ◽

Long Day ◽

Spring Peak ◽

Fresh Cut ◽

Helichrysum Bracteatum ◽

Optimum Production

Cut flower production of 2 Australian native daisies, Helipterum roseum and Helichrysum bracteatum, was investigated in the glasshouse and outdoors at 4 planting times. Both species exhibited a long day response with floral initiation occurring in any photoperiod but with peak production following longer days. Peaks in bloom production occurred during the spring and summer regardless of planting time. Floral abnormalities were observed in Helipterum roseum in all environments and planting times with the exception of the outdoor winter planting. There was a tendency for inflorescence diameter of both species and stem length of Helipterum roseum to decline with time from anthesis of the apical inflorescence. Optimum production of top quality blooms of Helipterum roseum extended from October to January following planting between autumn and spring. Peak production of Helichrysum bracteatum between December and March can be expected following planting during winter and spring. It may be possible to extend these seasons by weekly planting from autumn to spring. In addition, the imposition of extended photoperiod or night break treatments following summer or autumn planting may fulfil the photoperiod requirements of the plants and stimulate increased production between March and November. It is proposed that both species be considered for the fresh cut flower market, with Helipterum roseum marketed as single stems and Helichrysum bracteatum as sprays.

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Planting Time and Flurprimidol Treatment Influence the Growth and Flowering of Lachenalia

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.26.3.293 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 293-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Kapczyńska ◽

Małgorzata Malik

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Planting Date ◽

Stem Length ◽

Stem Height ◽

Planting Time ◽

Inflorescence Stem ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Inflorescence Length

The growth and flowering of ‘Rupert’ and ‘Ronina’ lachenalia (Lachenalia) in a greenhouse environment were manipulated by varying planting times and flurprimidol treatments. Bulbs were planted in November, December, January, and February. At each planting date, the following flurprimidol treatments were tested: soaking the bulbs before planting (15 and 30 mg·L−1) or a single foliar spray (15, 30, 45, and 60 mg·L−1). The results showed that foliar application of flurprimidol was ineffective in controlling inflorescence stem height and inflorescence length; only soaking bulbs of ‘Rupert’ in flurprimidol at the concentration of 30 mg·L−1 shortened the inflorescence stem height. Moreover, soaking bulbs in the concentration of 30 mg·L−1 may be recommended for potted lachenalia production, as shorter and wider leaves were obtained and every planted bulb emerged and flowered. The later the date of planting of the bulbs, the more quickly the plants began to flower. As planting time was delayed, inflorescence stem length and leaf length decreased, and the number of florets and leaf width increased. Soaking the bulbs in the retardant (30 mg·L−1) delayed the emergence of flowers for 5–6 days, but the retardant did not affect the number of leaves or the number of florets per inflorescence. Regardless of the factors applied, the two cultivars of lachenalia differed with respect to each of the analyzed traits.

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Cycle duration and quality of gladiolus floral stems in three locations of Southern Brazil

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v24i4.1237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 317-326

Author(s):

Regina Tomiozzo ◽

Gizelli Moiano De Paula ◽

Nereu Augusto Streck ◽

Lilian Osmari Uhlmann ◽

Camila Coelho Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Spike Length ◽

Stem Length ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Commercial Cultivation

The objective of this study was to determine the cycle duration in days and the quantitative parameters, i.e. stem length, spike length and stem diameter of gladiolus floral stems as a function of the planting date and locations in the Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. Field experiments were established between 2014-2015 in three locations (Frederico Westphalen, Itaqui and Santa Maria). The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with six gladiolus cultivars in three distinct planting dates at each location as treatments. The shift from vegetative to reproductive stage, the stem length, spike length and stem diameter were evaluated. Data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. When planted during late July and early August, cultivars of early cycle(‘Purple Flora’, ‘Rose Friendship’ and ‘White Friendship’) and intermediate cycle (‘Green Star’ and ‘Jester’), produced floral stems of gladiolus in the desired patterns besides as well as having a shorter growth cycle than late cultivars (‘Gold Field’), being recommended for commercial cultivation in Southern Brazil.

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454 Effect of Tuber Cutting and Planting Dates on Growth and Yield of Some Potato Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.472b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 472B-472

Author(s):

M.M.A. Abdalla ◽

A.M.A. Butt ◽

A.M. El-Damarany ◽

S.M.A. Mckhaiel

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Planting Date ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Emergence Percentage ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Number Of Stems ◽

Rate Of Emergence

This work was performed at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Assiut Univ. during two fall seasons (1995–1996 and 1996–1997) to study the effect of planting date, cultivar, and seed cutting on the growth and yield of potato. A factorial experiment was designed. All data was subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicate that there is a significant effect for all the studied factors on the growth and yield of potato. The data also indicate that planting on 1 Oct. or 1 Nov. showed higher emergence percentage, total yield, final plant stand, rate of emergence, and height and number of stems. `Spunta' produced the highest stem length, fresh weight per plant, and total yield. Whole tubers gave higher stem length, plant fresh weight, tuber weight, and tuber number per hill.

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Ornamental Kale as a Cut Flower under High Tunnels in the Southeastern United States

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04100-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 855-862

Author(s):

Suzanne O’Connell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Stem Length ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Planting Dates ◽

High Tunnel ◽

Color Changes ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

High Tunnels ◽

Ornamental Kale

The potential to expand the production of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) grown as a specialty cut flower in the southeastern United States appears promising, especially for the winter holidays. This 2-year replicated study investigated the effects of two fall plantings and three cultivars on ornamental kale yields grown under organic high tunnels. In addition to the production study, informal interviews of local florists were conducted. The earlier planting dates resulted in longer stem lengths (≥5 cm) and fewer days to harvest (≥5 days) across both seasons. Commercial stem length goals were not achieved (≥60 cm) but local florists did not appear to have the same standards (≥31 cm). The cultivars Crane Bicolor and Lucir White had longer stems and larger heads than Crane Red. Our high tunnel system provided favorable air temperatures for vegetative growth from late September through early November indicating an earlier planting date may be possible. Commonly accepted nighttime temperatures required to induce color changes occurred in early to mid-November during our study period.

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Effect of Emergence Time on Growth and Fecundity of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Slender Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis): Emerging Problem Weeds in Australian Summer Crops

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2021.9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Asad M. Khan ◽

Ahmadreza Mobli ◽

Jeff A Werth ◽

Bhagirath S. Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practice ◽

Growth Period ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Planting Date ◽

Late Spring ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Planting Time ◽

Redroot Pigweed

Abstract Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and Slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) are considered emerging problematic weeds in summer crops in Australia. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of planting time of two populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis at the research farm of the University of Queensland, Australia. Both species were planted every month from October to January (2017-18 and 2018-19), and their growth and seed production was recorded. Although both weeds matured at a similar number of growing degree days (GDDs), these weeds required a different number of days to complete their life cycle within each planting date. The growth period was reduced, and flowering occurred sooner as both species experienced cooler temperatures and shorter daylight hours. Compared to other planting times, both species exhibited increased height, biomass, and seed production for the October-sown plants, and these parameters were reduced by delaying the planting time. The shoot and root biomass of A. retroflexus and A. viridis (averaged over both populations) was reduced by more than 70% and 65%, respectively, when planted in January, in comparison to planting in October. When planted in October, A. retroflexus and A. viridis produced 11,350 and 5,780 seeds per plant, but these were reduced to 770 and 365 seeds per plant in planting date January, respectively. Although the growth and fecundity of these species were dependent on planting time, these weeds could emerge throughout the late spring to summer growing season (October to March) in southeast Australia and produce a significant number of seeds. The results showed that when these species emerged in the late spring (October), they grew vigorously and produced more biomass, in comparison with the other planting dates. Therefore, any early weed management practice for these species could be beneficial for minimizing the subsequent cost and inputs towards their control.

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Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Emergence Characteristics and Influence on Rice Yield At Different Planting Dates

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-08-112.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 94-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Vinod K. Shivrain ◽

Nilda R. Burgos ◽

David R. Gealy ◽

Kenneth L. Smith ◽

Robert C. Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Planting Date ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Red Rice ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Planting Time ◽

Extension Center

Cultivated rice yield losses due to red rice infestation vary by cultivar, red rice density, and duration of interference. The competition effects of red rice could be influenced further by emergence characteristics, red rice biotype, and planting time of cultivated rice. We aimed to characterize the emergence of red rice biotypes at different planting dates and evaluate the effect of red rice biotype, rice cultivar, and planting date on cultivated rice yield loss. Field experiments were conducted at the Southeast Research and Extension Center, Rohwer, AR, and at the Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR, in the summer of 2005 and 2006. The experimental design was a split-split plot with three or four replications. Planting time, ClearfieldTM(CL) rice cultivar, and red rice biotype were the main plot, subplot, and sub-subplot factors, respectively. There were three planting times from mid-April to mid-May at 2-wk intervals. CL rice cultivars, CL161 and hybrid CLXL8, and 12 red rice biotypes were planted. The emergence rate and coefficient of uniformity of germination differed among some red rice biotypes within a planting time. Planting date affected the emergence characteristics of red rice biotypes. The mean emergence rate of red rice was 0.043 d−1in the mid-April planting and 0.058 d−1in the late April planting. For the mid-April planting, 50% of red rice biotypes emerged in 20 ± 2 d compared with 15 ± 2 d for CL rice cultivars. Yield losses due to red rice biotypes generally increased in later planting dates, up to 49%. Yield losses due to interference from red rice biotypes ranged from 14 to 45% and 6 to 35% in CL161 and CLXL8, respectively. Cultivated rice became less competitive with red rice in later plantings, resulting in higher yield losses.

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Response of Gladiolus varieties to different planting dates

International Journal of Agricultural Invention ◽

10.46492/ijai/2019.4.1.20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

pp. 114-118

Author(s):

Tarak Nath Saha ◽

Krishan Pal Singh ◽

Jyothi R.

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Planting Date ◽

Spike Length ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Planting Time ◽

Favorable Environment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Good Number ◽

Genotypic Characteristic

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of seven different planting dates from the month of August to November using four different varieties of Gladiolus viz., Chandni, Big Time Supreme, White Prosperity and Snow Princess, for vegetative and floral parameters. In the vegetative parameters studied variety White Prosperity recorded the highest plant height (128.84 cm), highest number of leaves (9.03) and number of tillers (1.47) during September planting date. Whereas lowest plant height (87.64 cm) was recorded in the variety Chandni during September planting only. The vegetative parameters studied were also dependent on genotype and also interaction between variety and environment. November planting time showed good number of florets (16.06) and also floret diameter (9.42 cm) which was followed by September and October planting dates. Variety White Prosperity produced more number of florets per spike (22.72) in November and floret diameter (11.85 cm) in October planting. For floret parameters there was no significant difference on effect of date of planting and this was mainly due to genotypic characteristic of individual varieties studied. Better spike parameter attributed to the prevalence of favorable environment conditions during October planting time. Among the varieties studied White Prosperity showed highest spike length (105.62 cm) at first floret opening and 107.39 cm during last floret opening. The highest rachis length was also recorded by variety White Prosperity (54.00 cm) at first floret opening and 57.41 cm at last floret opening. October planting was found superior for Spike and rachis length in four different varieties studied.

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