scholarly journals 076 Determining Gene Numbers and the Potential for Transferring Long Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers to Short-lived Colored Lines

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 401E-401
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Postharvest longevity (PHL) is important in determining quality and consumer preference of cut flowers; thus, it remains a pressing problem for the florist industry. Information on genetics and heritability of cut flower PHL is lacking. This study focused on determining gene numbers and inheritance of Antirrhinum majus L. cut flower PHL. An inbred backcross population was generated from a yellow short-lived (YS; 6d PHL) and a white long-lived (WL; 14 d PHL) inbred. F1 hybrids were backcrossed reciprocally three times to each parent. Parental backcross (BC) populations contained 55 to 65 lines. Lines within each BC generation were self-fertilized three generations by single-seed descent without selection to produce BC1S3, BC2S3, and BC3S3 generations. Cut flowers from all generations were evaluated together for PHL in deionized water. Gene numbers were estimated using confidence intervals and the proportion of non-parental BC lines. Continuous variation, estimates of a minimum of two to four genes controlling PHL, and significant environmental variation suggest selection for increased PHL would be successfu,l but slow. A negative correlation between PHL and yellow flower color was detected in this study. In spite of that fact, mean PHL of the yellow flowered inbred lines improved 1 to 2 d when backcrossing to YS and 3 to 4 d when backcrossing to WL without selection. Thus, inbred backcrossing to a long-lived parent with selection for flower color should make acquisition of longlived colored lines attainable.

scholarly journals Genetics of Postharvest Longevity and Quality Traits in Late Generation Crosses of Antirrhinum majus L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Weber ◽  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Late Generation ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

Progeny of 158 F5 × F5 crosses of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) selected within and among cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL) categories (long = 12.6-16.8 days, middle = 9.3-12.1 days, and short = 4.8-8.9 days) were evaluated for PHL and quality traits. Results were compared with previous studies involving F2 × F2 progeny, and F3, F4, and F5 inbred lines. Heritability of PHL in F5 × F5 progeny (0.77 ± 0.11) agrees with that of inbred lines (0.79 to 0.81) but is higher than in F2 × F2 progeny (0.41). Therefore, selection for increased PHL should progress more rapidly and predictably through application of inbred lines rather than F2 individuals. Significant differences between F5 × F5 progeny PHL categories confirm PHL is heritable with a significant additive component. Heritabilities of quality traits in A. majus are high, suggesting selection for quality traits should progress without difficulty. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations of PHL with quality traits are not consistently significant across PHL studies in A. majus. Discrepancies between studies suggest most traits may not be correlated to PHL or are subject to strong environmental influence.

scholarly journals Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers as Influenced by Backcrosses to a Short-lived Recurrent Parent and Harvest Time

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 570d-570
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

An inbred backcrossing approach was taken to transfer long postharvest keeping time of cut flowers from a white inbred line of Antirrhinum majus L. into a yellow short-lived inbred line. Three backcrosses to the short-lived recurrent parent were done followed by three generations of selfing by single-seed descent. Plants from 56 accessions of BC1S3 through BC3S3 were grown twice (June and August 1995) in a greenhouse and flower stems harvested for postharvest longevity evaluation. Postharvest evaluation was done in deionized water under continuous fluorescent light. Longevity was determined as the number of days from cutting to discard when 50% of the open florets on a flower stem wilted or turned brown. One yellow accession was retrieved that was not significantly different in postharvest longevity from the white long-lived parent. Environment substantially influenced postharvest longevity over harvest dates. Possible causes for variation of postharvest keeping time will be presented.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Advanced Populations in Antirrhinum majus L. with Special Reference to Cut Flower Postharvest Longevity

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Narrow-sense heritabilities and genetic correlations of ornamental quality traits of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) were evaluated with special reference to cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL). Inbreds P1 (16 days PHL) and P2 (3 days PHL) were hybridized to produce an F1 (P1 × P2) that was self-pollinated to produce an F2 population. The F2 were self-pollinated to produce F3 families and advanced through single-seed descent by self-pollination to the F5 generation. P1, P2, F1, F3, F4, and F5 were evaluated for ornamental quality traits. Quality traits were found to be quantitative and normally distributed. Narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates were high and consistent across generations examined; PHL h2 ranged from 0.79 to 0.81 ± 0.06. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations revealed underlying physiological and pleiotropic interactions relevant to breeding programs aimed at simultaneous improvement of ornamental quality traits. PHL is inversely related to cut flower strength and days to flower, -0.44 ± 0.04 and -0.43 ± 0.44. Buds at discard is positively correlated to cut flower and plant diameter, cut flower weight and days to flower, 0.77 ± 0.05, 0.58 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 0.06, and 0.77 ± 0.07, respectively. Gain from selection for quality traits of interest can be rapid.

scholarly journals Transfer of the Long-lived Postharvest Keeping Characteristic from a long-lived Inbred line of Antirrhinum majus (L.) to a Short-lived Line through the Inbred Backcross Method

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 812A-812
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
Inbred Parent ◽  
Chemical Usage ◽  
Inbred Backcross

In an effort to reduce chemical usage to prolong postharvest keeping time of cut flowers, a cross was made between a long-lived (vase life, 10.9 days) inbred line of Antirrhinum majus and a short-lived (vase life, 5.0 days) inbred line. The F1 hybrid was backcrossed to the short-lived parent. Sixty plants of the BC1 generation were carried on through three generations of selfing by single-seed descent. Eight replications each of 60 BC1S3 families, the parents, and the F1 hybrid were grown in the greenhouse, harvested with 40-cm stems when five florets opened, and placed in distilled water for vase life evaluation. Stems were discarded when 50% of the florets on a spike wilted, browned, or dried. Three families proved not significantly different from the long-lived inbred parent. Results indicate that inbred backcross breeding shows potential to increase the postharvest keeping time of short-lived Antirrhinum majus inbred lines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Forty-seven Cultivars of Lisianthus as Cut Flowers

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent K. Harbaugh ◽  
Michelle L. Bell ◽  
Rongna Liang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Cultivar Groups ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
New Cultivars

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf). Shinn.] is emerging as an important cut flower in the United States while in European and Asian markets it is already listed among the top ten cut flowers. Many new cultivars have been released in the United States within the last 5 years, but comparative performance trials of these cultivars have been lacking. This trial evaluated 47 cultivars of lisianthus representing series (cultivar groups) that were marketed in the United States in 1998. Evaluations were made for rosetting, plug performance, cut-flower characteristics (vegetative and flowering attributes) as well as postharvest longevity of cut flowers. Significant differences among cultivars were found for all of the attributes evaluated. `Malibu Purple', `Catalina Blue Blush', and `Alice Pink' were selected as the best performers in the seedling (plug) stage since they had less than 5% rosettes, large leaves and a vigorous root system. Cultivars were placed in classes based on flower color, flower size, and number of petals (single or double flowers). Cultivars were ranked for each of the attributes and the total rank sum of all attributes (TRS) was used to select the best in class. Cultivars selected as best in class were `Malibu Purple', `Malibu Blue Blush', `Alice Purple', `Balboa Blue', `Avila Blue Rim', `Mellow Pink', `Flamenco Wine Red', `Flamenco Rose Rim', `Alice Pink', `Avila Rose' and `Echo Pink', `Alice White', and `Mariachi White'.

Heritability of Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 473b-473
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Chemical Preservative ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Breeding for postharvest longevity of cut flowers has not been done to any great extent in spite of the potential benefits from reduced chemical preservative usage and increased popularity of cuts due to longer vaselife. Some studies have reported broad-sense heritabilities for postharvest longevity of 36% to 46% and narrow-sense heritabilities of 0% to 38%. Postharvest longevity of cut flowers of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) inbreds range from 2 to 16 d with the F1 hybrids intermediate at 8.1 d when evaluated in deionized water. It would appear postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers should be a selectable trait. In an effort to determine narrow-sense heritability for postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers, a generation means analysis was established using single-seed descent S4 generation inbreds with postharvest longevities of 2 and 15 d. Plants were grown in greenhouses at the Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, in August and harvested in Nov. 1997 for postharvest evaluation. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 2 environments and 3 replications. Nonsegregating generations (P1, P2, and F1) consisted of 10 plants per replication, backcrosses 30 plants per replication, and the F2 with 60 plants per replication. Data will be presented on narrow-sense heritability of postharvest longevity of snapdragon cut flowers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Stomatal Density and Postharvest Transpiration between Long- and Short-lived Cut Flower Genotypes of Antirrhinum majus L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Evaluation of leaf stomatal numbers and postharvest water loss indicate these are important factors in Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL). Cut flowers with 9 days longer PHL had 53% fewer leaf stomata. Long PHL is associated with an early reduction in transpiration followed by low steady transpiration. Short-lived genotypes had a linear transpiration pattern over the period of PHL indicating poor stomatal control of water loss. Short-lived genotypes had 22% to 33% reductions in fourth quarter transpiration while long-lived genotypes had 2% to 8% reductions. In addition, short-lived genotypes had higher average fourth quarter cut flower weight losses compared to long-lived genotypes. Further investigation of stomatal numbers and functioning relative to PHL may provide breeders a rapid and nondestructive indirect selection method for PHL.

Relationship Between Postharvest Longevity of Cut Flowering Stems and Intact Flowers of Greenhouse-grown Antirrhinum majus L.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 486d-486
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Considerable variation exists in Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) for postharvest longevity of cut flowering stems. We have seen a range of 2 to 16 d postharvest life of snapdragon inbreds used in our experiments when evaluated in deionized water. A correlation between longevity of intact flowers and cut flowers has been reported for roses and tulips. In an effort to test this relationship on snapdragons, plants from a short-lived (5 days) and long-lived (16 days) inbred were grown in a greenhouse at the Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, in Spring 1997. Plants began flowering in Apr.1997. The first three florets on each plant were tagged when fully open and the date of senescence recorded for each individual floret. Results showed a significant difference in longevity of intact florets. Mean floret longevity of the short- and long-lived lines was 13 and 25 days, respectively (LSD0.05 = 1.03 days). This is an indication that selection for postharvest longevity of snapdragons may be done based on intact flower longevity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Growing Systems for Cut Snapdragon Production: Tray vs. Ground Bed

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
K. Jacquemin Sullivan ◽  
C.C. Pasian
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Flower Quality

Cut-flower production of three snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) cultivars (`Potomac Pink', `Winter White', and `Potomac Light Pink') in growing trays vs. ground beds was evaluated in five different plantings over a period of a year and a half. The experiments evaluated the quality of cut flowers from plants in ground beds or in small vs. large trays either raised or placed directly on the ground bed. The quality of flowering shoots was lower when plants were grown in raised trays rather than in on-ground trays or in ground beds, but other treatments did not affect quality consistently. Flowering shoot grade (a subjective quality indicator) correlated well (r = 0.8) with the ratio of shoot dryweight to shoot length (an objective quality indicator). Our results confirm that the flower quality of snapdragons grown on ground trays can equal that of those grown in ground beds.

scholarly journals Stomatal Density in Antirrhinum majus L.: Inheritance and Trends with Development

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1252-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
Over Time

Stomatal density during plant development and inheritance of the trait were investigated with the goal of utilizing stomatal density as a correlated trait to cutflower postharvest longevity in Antirrhinum majus L. Inbred P1 (stomatal index = 0.2) was hybridized to inbred P2 (stomatal index = 0.3) to produce F1 (P1 × P2), which was backcrossed to each parent producing BCP1 (F1 × P1) and BCP2 (F1 × P2). P1, P2, F1, BCP1, and BCP2 were used to examine changes in stomatal density with plant development and early generation inheritance. An F2 (F1 self-pollinated), and F3, F4, and F5 families, derived by self-pollination and single seed descent, were used to obtain information on advanced generation inheritance. Stomatal density was stable over time and with development of leaves at individual nodes after seedlings reached two weeks of age. Therefore, stomatal density can be evaluated after two weeks of plant development from a leaf at any node. Stomatal density is quantitatively inherited with narrow sense heritabilities of h2F2:F3 = 0.47 to 0.49, h2F3:F4 = 0.37 ± 0.06 to 0.60 ± 0.07, and h2F4:F5 = 0.47 ± 0.07 to 0.50 ± 0.07.

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