Relationship Between Postharvest Longevity of Cut Flowering Stems and Intact Flowers of Greenhouse-grown Antirrhinum majus L.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 486d-486
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Considerable variation exists in Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) for postharvest longevity of cut flowering stems. We have seen a range of 2 to 16 d postharvest life of snapdragon inbreds used in our experiments when evaluated in deionized water. A correlation between longevity of intact flowers and cut flowers has been reported for roses and tulips. In an effort to test this relationship on snapdragons, plants from a short-lived (5 days) and long-lived (16 days) inbred were grown in a greenhouse at the Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, in Spring 1997. Plants began flowering in Apr.1997. The first three florets on each plant were tagged when fully open and the date of senescence recorded for each individual floret. Results showed a significant difference in longevity of intact florets. Mean floret longevity of the short- and long-lived lines was 13 and 25 days, respectively (LSD0.05 = 1.03 days). This is an indication that selection for postharvest longevity of snapdragons may be done based on intact flower longevity.

scholarly journals 080 Postharvest Longevity Analysis of Advance Generations in Antirrhinum majus L.

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 455A-455
Author(s):  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Fluorescent Lighting

Cut flowers of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) P1, P2, F1, F3, and F2 × F2 plants were harvested after the first five flowers were open and were evaluated for postharvest longevity to further evaluate genes conditioning postharvest longevity. F3 progeny evaluated were derived by selfing F2 selections of long keeping, mid-range, and short keeping types. F2 × F2 progeny evaluated were derived from crosses within and between postharvest longevity categories. Populations for evaluation were grown in the greenhouse in winter 1998-1999 in a randomized complete-block design according to standard forcing procedures. Thirty plants of each genotype were held in the laboratory in deionized water under continuous fluorescent lighting at 22 °C for postharvest assessment. The end of postharvest life was defined as 50% of the flowers drying, browning, or wilting. Data will be presented on postharvest longevity and allelic relationships within populations.

scholarly journals Water Loss Changes of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers as Influenced by Genotype

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 482G-483
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Stimart ◽  
Kenneth R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
Postharvest Life

Cut flowers of a short(S) lived (3 days) inbred, a long(L) lived (15 days) inbred and their hybrid (F1, 7.3 days) of Antirrhinum majus L. were evaluated for water loss when held in deionized water under continuous fluorescent light at 25°C. Flowering stems for water loss evaluation were harvested when the basal five to six florets expanded. Cut stems were placed in narrowed-necked bottles with the open area between the stem and bottle sealed with Parafilm. Stem weight and water weight in the bottle were taken every 24 h. Water loss evaluation was continued until 50% of the open florets on the flowering stem wilted or turned brown. Overall, water loss from all accessions was highest 24 h postharvest, declined rapidly between 24 to 96 h, and remained unchanged throughout the remainder of postharvest life. Between 24 to 96 h, the slope of the line for water loss was greatest for L, least for S, and intermediate for the F1. It appears that longest postharvest life of A. majus is associated with the most rapid decline of water loss immediately postharvest to a level, which remains constant.

scholarly journals 662 Genetics and Physiology of Postharvest Cut Flower Longevity

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 562B-562
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Stimart ◽  
Kenneth R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Efforts to improve postharvest longevity of fresh-cut flowers has only recently turned toward selection and breeding. Conventional methods to extend keeping longevity of cut flowers depend on use of chemical treatment placed in holding solutions. Postharvest longevity studies were initiated with Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) to determine: if natural genetic variation existed for cut-flower longevity, the inheritance of the trait, heritability, and associated physiology. Evaluation of commercial inbreds held in deionized water revealed a range in cut-flower longevity from a couple of days to 2.5 weeks. The shortest- and longestlived inbreds were used as parents in crosses to study the aforementioned areas of interest. Information will be presented on inheritance of cut flower longevity based on populations evaluated from matings for generation means analysis and inbred backcross method. Also presented will be information on stomata, transpiration, carbohydrate, fresh-weight change, and forcing temperature relative to postharvest longevity.

scholarly journals Genotype of Flowering Stems of Antirrhinum majus L. Influences Ethylene Evolution and Fresh Weight Changes Postharvest

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 617d-617
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Stimart ◽  
Kenneth R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Final Amount

Cut flowers of a short (S)-lived (3-day) inbred, a long (L)-lived (15-day) inbred and their hybrid (F1, 7.3 days) of Antirrhinum majus L. were evaluated for fresh weight and ethylene evolution change postharvest when held in deionized water. Fresh weight change of all accessions increased 1 day postharvest then declined over the remainder of postharvest life. The loss of fresh weight was most rapid for S and less rapid for F1 and least rapid for L. Ethylene release postharvest for S and F1 started on day 1, but for L ethylene release started on day 9. Once ethylene evolution began it continued through postharvest life. On the last day of postharvest life, ethylene release from S and F1 were similar, but L was twice the level as S and F1. It appears that a slower decline in fresh weight, a delay in outset of ethylene release and higher final amount of ethylene release at senescence are heritable and associated with longer keeping time of A. majus.

scholarly journals 076 Determining Gene Numbers and the Potential for Transferring Long Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers to Short-lived Colored Lines

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 401E-401
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For

Postharvest longevity (PHL) is important in determining quality and consumer preference of cut flowers; thus, it remains a pressing problem for the florist industry. Information on genetics and heritability of cut flower PHL is lacking. This study focused on determining gene numbers and inheritance of Antirrhinum majus L. cut flower PHL. An inbred backcross population was generated from a yellow short-lived (YS; 6d PHL) and a white long-lived (WL; 14 d PHL) inbred. F1 hybrids were backcrossed reciprocally three times to each parent. Parental backcross (BC) populations contained 55 to 65 lines. Lines within each BC generation were self-fertilized three generations by single-seed descent without selection to produce BC1S3, BC2S3, and BC3S3 generations. Cut flowers from all generations were evaluated together for PHL in deionized water. Gene numbers were estimated using confidence intervals and the proportion of non-parental BC lines. Continuous variation, estimates of a minimum of two to four genes controlling PHL, and significant environmental variation suggest selection for increased PHL would be successfu,l but slow. A negative correlation between PHL and yellow flower color was detected in this study. In spite of that fact, mean PHL of the yellow flowered inbred lines improved 1 to 2 d when backcrossing to YS and 3 to 4 d when backcrossing to WL without selection. Thus, inbred backcrossing to a long-lived parent with selection for flower color should make acquisition of longlived colored lines attainable.

scholarly journals Extension of Postharvest Keeping Time of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers with Hydrogen Peroxide

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 518A-518
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Glass Bottle ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Postharvest Life

Three percent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was diluted with deionized water (dH2O) to 0.75%, 0.38%, 0.19%, 0.09%, or 0.05% H2O2 plus 1.5% sucrose for use in evaluation of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) cut flowers. Other vase solutions used as controls included; 300 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) plus 1.5% sucrose; dH2O plus 1.5% sucrose; and dH2O. A completely random design with 7 replicationss was used. Flowering stems of three commercial inbreds and one F1 hybrid of snapdragon were cut when the first five basal florets opened. Each stem was placed in an individual glass bottle containing one of the eight different treatments. Flowering stems were discarded when 50% of the open florets wilted, turned brown, or dried. Postharvest life was determined as the number of days from stem cutting to discard. Addition of H2O2 to vase solutions at rates of 0.19 and 0.09% resulted in postharvest life not different from that obtained with 8-HQC plus sucrose. Hydrogen peroxide plus sucrose extended postharvest life of snapdragon cut flowers 6 to 8 days over dH2O and 5 to 7 days over dH2O plus 1.5% sucrose.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE TO EXTEND THE LONGEVITY OF CUT FLOWERS

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 503E-503
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Macnish ◽  
Ria T. Leonard ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The postharvest longevity of fresh-cut flowers is often limited by the accumulation of bacteria in vase water and flower stems. Aqueous chlorine dioxide is a strong biocide with potential application for sanitizing cut flower solutions. We evaluated the potential of chlorine dioxide to prevent the build-up of bacteria in vase water and extend the longevity of cut Matthiola incana `Ruby Red', Gypsophila paniculata `Crystal' and Gerbera jamesonii `Monarch' flowers. Fresh-cut flower stems were placed into sterile vases containing deionized water and either 0.0 or 2 μL·L–1 chlorine dioxide. Flower vase life was then judged at 21 ± 0.5 °C and 40% to 60% relative humidity. Inclusion of 2 μL·L–1 chlorine dioxide in vase water extended the longevity of Matthiola, Gypsophila and Gerbera flowers by 2.2, 3.5, and 3.4 days, respectively, relative to control flowers (i.e., 0 μL·L–1). Treatment with 2 μL·L–1 chlorine dioxide reduced the build-up of aerobic bacteria in vase water for 6 to 9 days of vase life. For example, addition of 2 μL·L–1 chlorine dioxide to Gerbera vase water reduced the number of bacteria that grew by 2.4- to 2.8-fold, as compared to control flower water. These results confirm the practical value of chlorine dioxide treatments to reduce the accumulation of bacteria in vase water and extend the display life of cut flowers.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Cut-flower Longevity in Antirrhinum majus

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Epistatic Model ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Generation Means Analysis ◽  
Postharvest Longevity

Genetics of Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL) was investigated by generation means analysis using a white short-lived inbred (WS) and white long-lived inbred (WL) to determine mode of inheritance and heritability. Broad and narrow sense PHL heritability was estimated at 78% and 30%, respectively. Scaling tests for adequacy of an additive-dominance model in explaining PHL inheritance suggested absence of epistasis. However, joint scaling indicated digenic or higher order epistatic interactions. Fitting of a digenic epistatic model revealed significant additive effects and nonsignificant dominance and epistatic interactions. Additionally, based on sequential model fittings all six parameters [mean, additive (a), dominance (d), a×a, d×d, and a×d] proved necessary to explain observed PHL variation. Continuous variation for PHL observed in the F2 and backcross generations suggests PHL is quantitative. Assessment of associated traits revealed a positive relationship between number of flowers opening postharvest on a cut flower and PHL. In addition, floret wilting led to short PHL while floret browning was associated with long PHL.

scholarly journals Effects of Aluminum Sulphate, Ethanol, Sucrose and their Combination on the Longevity and Physiological Properties of Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) Cut Flowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Hailay Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Cut Rose

AbstractCut rose stems were pretreated for 24 h with various compounds before being stored in Chrysal solution. Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of aluminum sulphate, ethanol and sucrose in preservative solutions and their combination on flower longevity and post-harvest physiological properties of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cut flowers cultivars ‘Red Sky’ and ‘Blizzard’. The first experiment aimed to determine the optimum concentration of aluminum sulphate used as a biocide (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 g·dm−3), ethanol used as a biocide and anti-ethylene factor (0, 4, 8, 12%) and sucrose used as a source of energy (0, 10, 20, 30 g·dm−3). In the second experiment, the most effective concentrations were cumulated in combinations of pretreatment solutions. Single use of chemicals: 0.5 g·dm−3 aluminum sulphate, 4% ethanol and 20 g·dm−3 sucrose extended the longevity of both cultivars by 17, 18 and 19%, respectively as compared to deionized water. In the second experiment, the preservative solution containing all three chemicals at optimal concentrations extended cut flower longevity by 30% compared to deionized water. ‘Blizzard’ has lost its commercial value by 6.6% of the time earlier than ‘Red Sky’. Generally, using a biocide, anti-ethylene and source of energy in a pretreatment solution can maintain the high quality of the cut rose flowers and their vase life.

scholarly journals Genetics of Postharvest Longevity and Quality Traits in Late Generation Crosses of Antirrhinum majus L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Weber ◽  
William J. Martin ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Late Generation ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

Progeny of 158 F5 × F5 crosses of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) selected within and among cut flower postharvest longevity (PHL) categories (long = 12.6-16.8 days, middle = 9.3-12.1 days, and short = 4.8-8.9 days) were evaluated for PHL and quality traits. Results were compared with previous studies involving F2 × F2 progeny, and F3, F4, and F5 inbred lines. Heritability of PHL in F5 × F5 progeny (0.77 ± 0.11) agrees with that of inbred lines (0.79 to 0.81) but is higher than in F2 × F2 progeny (0.41). Therefore, selection for increased PHL should progress more rapidly and predictably through application of inbred lines rather than F2 individuals. Significant differences between F5 × F5 progeny PHL categories confirm PHL is heritable with a significant additive component. Heritabilities of quality traits in A. majus are high, suggesting selection for quality traits should progress without difficulty. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations of PHL with quality traits are not consistently significant across PHL studies in A. majus. Discrepancies between studies suggest most traits may not be correlated to PHL or are subject to strong environmental influence.

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