scholarly journals (291) Adventitious Shoot Production and Transformation of Euonymus alata

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081C-1081
Author(s):  
Alan G. Smith ◽  
Elizabeth S. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Euonymus alata is an attractive landscape plant that has been reported to be an invasive species. Genetic modification through transformation is a method of reducing its invasiveness by producing sterile cultivars having limited or no seed production. A critical step in Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is the production of adventitious shoots. E. alata internodes and leaves from in vitro cultures were tested for adventitious shoot production on 16 plant growth regulator combinations: four levels of 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and three auxin treatments [0.5 or 0.25 mg·L-1 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.1 mg·L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)], as well as no auxin. The optimal BA levels were found to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg·L-1 for maximizing the number of explants forming shoots and for producing the greatest number of shoots per explant. Culturing on NAA gave the greatest number of shoots per explant with both 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1 BA. Shoot production from internode segments was markedly superior to leaves. An initial dark treatment of 10 days did not influence shoot production. Using 1.0 mg BA with 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA, E. alata internodes were transformed with A. tumefaciens EHA105 carrying Kanamycin resistance and β-glucuronidase genes. Transformed shoots were selected on 30 mg·L-1 Kanamycin. Of the 36 shoots produced, 16 were confirmed to be transformed by β-glucuronidase histochemistry. Treatment with rooting powder containing indole-3-butyric acid did not aid rooting of shoots, but after 3 months in soil in high humidity, 21 of 24 E. alata shoots from tissue culture were rooted and acclimated.

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Rooting of Prunus serotina In Vitro Cultures

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Espinosa ◽  
Paula M. Pijut ◽  
Charles H. Michler
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Number Of Shoots

A complete regeneration protocol was developed for Prunus serotina Ehrh., an important hardwood species for timber and sawlog production in the central and eastern United States. Nodal sections were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.44 μm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.49 μm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.29 μm gibberellic acid (GA3). In vitro leaf explants of three genotypes were placed on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 0, 2.27, 4.54, or 6.81 μm thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with 0, 0.54, 1.07, or 5.37 μm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and on WPM supplemented with 0, 4.44, 8.88, or 13.32 μm BA in combination with 0, 0.54, 1.07, or 5.37 μm NAA. Cultures were maintained either in continuous darkness for 5 weeks, or in the dark for 3 weeks and then transferred to a 16-hour photoperiod. TDZ and the genotype had a significant effect on the number of shoots regenerated. The maximum mean number of shoots regenerated per explant (5.05 ± 1.14) was obtained with 2.27 μm TDZ plus 0.54 μm NAA with the 3-week dark period then light treatment. The highest percent shoot regeneration (38.3) and mean number of shoots (4.13 ± 0.97) was obtained with 6.81 μm TDZ plus 1.07 μm NAA. The highest rooting (27%) of adventitious shoots and number of roots per shoot (2.3 ± 0.2) was obtained with 2.5 μm IBA when shoots were maintained for 7 days in the dark on rooting medium before transfer to a 16-hour photoperiod. The highest rooting (70%) of nodal explant-derived stock cultures and number of roots per shoot (2.7 ± 0.9) was also obtained with 2.5 μm IBA, but when shoots were maintained for 4 days in the dark before transfer to a 16-hour photoperiod. In total, 86% of the plantlets survived acclimatization to the greenhouse and 100% survival after overwintering in cold-storage.

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Production from a Vireya Hybrid of Rhododendron

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Iapichino ◽  
Tony H.H. Chen ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
In Vitro Rooting ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

An efficient adventitious shoot production protocol has been developed for Rhododendron laetum × aurigeranum. Shoot tips taken from greenhouse-grown plants were cultured on Anderson's medium supplemented with 74 μM 2iP. Axillary shoots were excised and cultured on medium containing 23 μM IAA and 74 μM 2iP. After 6 months, brown callus developed at the cut surfaces of the shoot-tip explants. This callus produced many adventitious shoots (up to 70 per explant). Clusters of adventitious shoots were divided, subculture, and continued to proliferate shoots. An estimated 1600-fold increase in the number of shoots could be readily achieved in 6 months. In vitro rooting of adventitious shoots was accomplished in 4 weeks. Seventy-three percent of shoots rooted on 1/4 strength Anderson's medium supplemented with 28 μm IAA. Plantlet survival was 100%3 weeks after transfer to soil. Chemical names used: 1-H-indole-3-acetic acid (MA); N-(3 -methy1-2-butenyl) -1H-purine-6 amine (2iP).

scholarly journals 108 Shoot Regeneration from Ovaries of Various Cultivars of Hosta

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 460B-460
Author(s):  
David J. Williams ◽  
Karim H. Al-Juboory
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of various cultivars of Hosta ovary explants to generate adventitious shoots and obtain variegated plants in vitro. Immature inflorescences along with 8 to 10 cm of scape were harvested from Hosta cultivars. The ovaries were prepared for culture by cutting immature florets before anthesis. The florets were first cut just above the top of the immature ovary to remove the sigma, style, corolla, and anther. Then the calyx and filament bases were also removed. Ovaries were transversely cut into halves and transferred to baby jars containing Hosta initiation medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.5 mg/L and 6-benzylamino purine (BA). The explants produced adventitious shoots from ovary base via organogenesis. The number of shoots regenerated from shoot tips and callus increased linearly with repeatedf subculturing on MS medium. This method would provide an effective alternative to conventional propagation crown division of Hosta, an expensive and slow process. The long-term goal of this project is to improve Hosta.

The Effect of Heavy Metals on In Vitro Adventitious Shoot Production and Bacoside A Content in Bacopa Monnieri (L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Poornananda Madhava Naik Manoj Godbole
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Bacoside A ◽  
Shoot Production

In the present study the effect of heavy metals (MnSO 4, ZnSO 4 and CuSO 4 ) on adventitious shoot regeneration, biomass and bacoside A accumulation in Bacopa monnieri was carried out. The leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l -1 kinetin (Kin) with varying concentration of heavy metals (Control: Mn-0.10 mM, Zn-0.03 mM and Cu- 0.0001mM; Mn: 0.20, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.60 mM; Zn: 0.06, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 mM; Cu: 0.02, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mM). Optimum number of adventitious shoots (123.50 shoot/explants), fresh weight (3.826 g) and dry weight (0.226 g) of Bacopa monnieri were obtained in the medium with 0.12 mM Zn concentration. The highest production

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Triploid Plants of Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’ (Burning Bush) from Endosperm Tissues

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Thammina ◽  
Mingyang He ◽  
Litang Lu ◽  
Kaishuang Cao ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Euonymus Alatus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Mature Endosperm

Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb., commonly known as “burning bush,” is an extremely popular landscape plant in the United States as a result of its brilliant showy red leaves in fall. However, E. alatus is also seriously invasive because of its prolific seed production and effective seed dispersal by birds. Thus, development of sterile, non-invasive, seedless triploid E. alatus is in high demand. In this article, we report successful production of triploid E. alatus using endosperm tissues as explants. In our study, ≈50% of immature endosperm explants and 14% of mature endosperm explants formed compact, green calli after culture in the dark for 8 weeks and then under light for 4 weeks on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA and 2.7 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Approximately 5.6% of the immature endosperm-derived calli and 13.4% of mature endosperm-derived calli initiated shoots within 8 weeks after they were cultured on MS medium with 4.4 μM benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Eighty-five percent of shoots rooted after culture on woody plant medium (WPM) containing 4.9 μM IBA for 2 weeks and then on hormone-free WPM medium containing 2.0 g·L−1 activated charcoal for 4 weeks. Eight independently regenerated triploid plants have been identified. Triploid plant regeneration rates observed were 0.42% from immature endosperm explants and 0.34% from mature endosperm explants, respectively, based on the number of endosperm explants cultured. Because triploid plants cannot produce viable seeds, and thus are sterile and non-invasive, some triploid E. alatus plant lines reported here can be used to replace the currently used invasive counterparts. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Formation on Hypocotyl Explants of Antirrhinum majus L.

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 477B-477
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Dark Regime

One-centimeter hypocotyl explants from 2-week-old Antirrhinum majus L. (snapdragon) seedlings germinated and grown in vitro under 12-h cool-white fluorescent light and 12 h dark or 24 h dark were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 0.44, 2.22, 4.44, 8.88, or 44.4 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA). Cultures were maintained under the light/dark regime at 25°C. After 2 weeks, adventitious shoots were counted. A shoot was considered adventitious and counted if a stem and leaf developed. Shoots developed along the entire length of the hypocotyl sections. Mean shoot production per hypocotyl explant ranged from 2.4 to 6.1 shoots when seedlings were germinated and grown in 24 h darkness and 2.2 to 10.9 shoots when started in the light/dark regime. Highest shoot counts were attained /from hypocotyl explants when seedlings were germinated and grown under the light/dark regime for 2 weeks and transferred to 2.22, 4.44, or 8.88 μM BA. Shoot development appeared normal at the 2.22 and 4.44 μM level, while at 8.88 μM BA, development was slightly abnormal along with slightly more callus production.

scholarly journals Shoot Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Cotyledons of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Watermelon

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Compton ◽  
D.J. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Optimized Protocol ◽  
Apical Half ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Adventitious shoots were obtained from watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsun. & Nakai] cotyledons incubated on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing BA. Initial experiments comparing the effects of BA (0, 5, 10, or 20 μm) and IA4 (0, 0.5, or 5 μm) demonstrated that BA was required for adventitious shoot formation but its concentration in the medium was not critical. The addition of IAA to medium with BA increased callus production and inhibited shoot formation. However, the percentage of responding explants in the best treatment was <30%. Therefore, the manner in which cotyledon explants were prepared and seedling age at the time of explantation was examined to improve the organogenic response. The percentage of explants with shoots was improved by using explants that consisted of cotyledon bases (43%) or cotyledons cut in half longitudinally (39%). A lower percentage (16%) of cotyledons cut longitudinally into four pieces produced shoots. Explants taken from the apical half of cotyledons failed to regenerate shoots. Shoot formation was improved further by using explants from young seedlings. The percentage of explants with shoots was >90% for `Minilee', 64% for S86NE, and 50% for `Jubilee II' when explants were prepared from 5-day-old seedlings. Explants from nongerminated embryos or seedlings germinated for 10, 15, or 20 days produced fewer shoots. The effect of several cytokinins on shoot organogenesis was then examined using the optimized protocol. The percentage of explants with shoots and the number of shoots per explant were about two to four times higher when 5 to 10 μm BA was used compared to the most effective kinetin (20 μm) or thidiazuron (0.1 μm) concentration. The percentage of explants with shoots and the number of shoots per explant were greater for diploid (57% and 2.2, respectively) than for triploid (22% and 0.6, respectively) or tetraploid (20% and 0.8, respectively) lines. Chemical names used: N -(phenylmethyl)-1 H -purin-6-amine (BA); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); N -phenyl-N' -1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron); 1 H -indole3-acetic acid (IAA).

scholarly journals Establishment of a Rapid and Efficient Micropropagation System for Succulent Plant Haworthia turgida Haw.

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1278-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boling Liu ◽  
Hongzhou Fang ◽  
Chaorong Meng ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Qingdong Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Succulent Plant

In the present study, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus regeneration, adventitious shoot differentiation, and root formation of Haworthia turgida Haw. was investigated. The greatest callus induction percentage (95.6%) was achieved with leaf explants inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg·L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and this callus induction medium supplemented with 2.5 mg·L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) was optimal for callus proliferation. The maximum number of shoots (25.7) was obtained when the callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 BA and 0.2 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The highest number of roots per shoot (6.2) and highest rooting frequency (82.0%) were obtained when adventitious shoots were inoculated on MS medium with 0.05 mg·L−1 NAA. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to a mixture of vermiculite and soil and acclimated in a greenhouse. The survival rate of the transplanted plantlets was about 91.6%. The rate of ex vitro rooting was 83.3%, indicating that this technique is effective for root induction in H. turgida. This study has established a rapid and efficient micropropagation system that can be beneficial for commercial cultivation and germplasm conservation of H. turgida.

In vitro propagation of Crambe maritima

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Peron ◽  
E. Regnier
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Acclimatization Period

A method for rapid micropropagation of sea kale (Crambe maritima L.) was developed. Petiole explants placed in vitro on a medium containing 0.5 mg/L indoleacetic acid (IAA), 6.0 mg/L kinetin, and 1.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine developed callus within 15 days and shoots within 28 days. Nearly four adventitious shoots could be developed within 3 weeks by placing the initial shoot on media without IAA. To develop roots, the shoots were then transferred to the basal medium containing 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L indolbutyric or α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Rooted plantlets were obtained within 2 or 3 weeks. After an acclimatization period of 6 weeks in a greenhouse in unsterilized medium, the plantlets could be set outdoors.

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