scholarly journals Growth and Yields of Bell Pepper and Winter Squash Grown with Organic and Living Mulches

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Roe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Winter Squash

Increasing disposal problems with polyethylene (PL) mulch and greater availability of compost prompted an investigation into the effects of using compost as a mulch on horizontal raised bed surfaces with living mulches (LMs) on vertical surfaces. Wood chips (WC), sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY) compost, and municipal solid waste (MW) compost were applied at 224 t·ha-1 on bed surfaces. Sod strips of `Jade' (JD) or `Floratam' (FT) St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze) or perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) (PP) or seeds of a small, seed-propagated forage peanut (Arachis sp.) (SP) were established on the vertical sides of the raised beds before transplanting bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) into the beds. Phytophthora capsici reduced pepper plant stand in PL-mulched plots compared with organic mulch (OM) and LM. Despite the stand reduction, total pepper yields were highest in PL plots and, in the OM plots, decreased in the order SY > MW > WC. Early fruit yields and yield per plant were highest from plants in PL plots followed by SY. Among LMs, plants in SP plots produced highest early yields and FT produced the lowest. Plants in PL plots produced the largest fruit. When the same plots were seeded with winter (butternut) squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), plant stands were higher in MW than WC and SY. Squash yields were similar between PL and OM plots.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Winter Squash and Pumpkin Cultivars for Age-related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici Fruit Rot

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Krasnow ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Winter Squash

Phytophthora capsici annually threatens production of cucurbit and solanaceous crops. Long-lived oospores produced by the pathogen incite primary infection of susceptible plants when conditions are wet. Limiting the rot of winter squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) fruits is difficult due to the long maturation period when fruits are often in direct contact with infested soil. Genetic resistance to fruit rot is not widely available within Cucurbita sp.; however, age-related resistance (ARR) to P. capsici fruit rot develops in specific cultivars during maturation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruits of 12 cultivars of Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita maxima for ARR to P. capsici using a mycelial-plug inoculation method. All Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata cultivars displayed ARR; 7 days postpollination (dpp) fruits were susceptible, limited lesion development occurred on fruits 22 dpp, and lesions did not develop at 56 dpp. Disease developed on both Cucurbita maxima cultivars tested at 7, 14, 22, and 56 dpp. Firmness of fruit exocarps was measured with a manual penetrometer. Exocarp firmness of all cultivars increased during maturation; however, there was no correlation between firmness and disease incidence among cultivars at 22 dpp (R2 = −0.01, P = 0.85). When fruits of cultivars expressing ARR at 22 dpp were wounded before inoculation, fruit rot developed.

scholarly journals STAND DEFICIENCIES AND REPLANTING EFFECTS ON BELL PEPPER YIELDS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 732g-733
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Visual Observations

Bell pepper plant losses at transplanting may reduce yields. Growers often use subjective visual observations to determine reductions in plant stand but do not have a basis for determining if missing plants should be replaced or how soon. This study was initiated to determine effects of stand deficiencies and replanting on yield and fruit size of pepper during the spring 1992 and 1993. `Jupiter' bell pepper plants were transplanted to the field in late March and spaced 30 cm apart on 1.2-m beds mulched with black plastic. Treatments included a control [0% stand deficient (SD)] and 10, 20, or 30% SD plots that were established at transplanting. Each SD treatment was replanted to a 100% stand two or three weeks after initial transplanting or was not replanted. Yield of extra-large and marketable fruit was not affected by stand deficiencies or replanting in either year. Stand deficiencies up to 30% did not result in reductions in total/early yield or fruit size.

scholarly journals Age-related Resistance of Diverse Cucurbit Fruit to Infection by Phytophthora capsici

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Ando ◽  
Sue Hammar ◽  
Rebecca Grumet
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Pronounced Reduction ◽  
Green Stage

Phytophthora capsici causes severe losses in vegetable production, including many cucurbit crops. Our previous work showed that cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit are most susceptible to P. capsici when they are very young and rapidly elongating, but develop resistance as they approach full length at 10 to 12 days postpollination (DPP). In this study, fruit from seven additional cucurbit crops representing four species, melon (Cucumis melo), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and zucchini, yellow summer squash, acorn squash, and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), were tested for the effect of fruit development on susceptibility to P. capsici. Field-grown fruit of the different crops varied in overall susceptibility. Zucchini and yellow summer squash were the most susceptible, with the majority of fruit exhibiting water-soaking symptoms within 24 hours postinoculation. Fruit from all of the crops exhibited size-related decrease in susceptibility, but to varying degrees. Cucumber had the most pronounced effect. In infested fields, cucumber fruit were found to be most frequently infected at the blossom end. Comparison of the peduncle and blossom end showed a difference in susceptibility along the length of the fruit for cucumber, butternut squash, and zucchini. Greenhouse-grown, hand-pollinated pumpkin, acorn squash, and butternut squash showed an age-related decrease in susceptibility similar to field-grown fruit. For all of these fruit, a pronounced reduction in susceptibility accompanied the transition from the waxy green to green stage at ≈3 to 8 DPP.

scholarly journals TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernando Noronha Marcussi ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Micronutrient Concentration ◽  
E Mail

TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO   Francisco Fernando Noronha MarcussiDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected] Lyra Villas BôasDepartament de Recursos Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO  Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar os teores de micronutrientes (Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu) nos diferentes órgãos do híbrido de pimentão Elisa, sob fertirrigação em ambiente protegido, em oito épocas de coleta de planta. O experimento foi desenvolvido nas dependências do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, FCA, Botucatu/SP. Constou o experimento de 8 tratamentos (épocas de coleta de planta – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, e 140 dias após o transplante das mudas) e 4 repetições, sendo cada repetição formada por 4 plantas. Em cada etapa obteve-se os teores dos micronutrientes no fruto, folha, caule e raiz e na planta como um todo. A fertilização no ciclo estudado, 140 dias, foi feita via fertirrigação localizada. Os resultados mostram que os teores de micronutrientes encontrados na planta de pimentão seguem a seqüência: Fe>Zn>Mn>B>Cu. Nos resultados são apresentadas as tabelas com os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu (Tukey a 5%) em cada órgão da planta e da planta como um todo, nas diferentes épocas de avaliação e, os gráficos mostrando o comportamento dos teores de Zn, Mn, B e Cu.  UNITERMOS: Fertirrigação, concentrações de micronutrientes, Pimentão, Capsicum annuum L. e nutrição mineral.   MACUSSI, F.F.N.; VILLAS BÔAS, R.L MICRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN THE BELL PEPPER PLANT DEVELOPMENT UNDER FERTIRRIGATION   2 ABSTRACT  This study aimed to determine the micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu) in different organs of Elisa bell pepper hybrid under fertirrigation in protected environment in eight harvesting seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Natural Resource Department – Soil Science, FCA, Botucatu. SP, and  consisted of 8 treatments (harvesting season – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 140 days after seedling transplant), and 4 replications, each one composed of 4 plants. In each growth period the micronutrient content in the fruit, leaf, stem, root and  plant as a whole was determined. The fertilization in the study period i.e., 140 days, was performed by local fertirrigation. The results showed that the micronutrient levels found in the bell pepper plant followed the decreasing order: Fe>Zn>Mn> B>Cu. The tables present the Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu (Tukey Test at 5%) contents in each plant organ and in the entire plant at different evaluation periods. The charts show the Zn, Mn, B and Cu content variation.  KEYWORDS: fertirrigation, micronutrient concentration, bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L. and mineral nutrition. 

Uptake and distribution of fluopyram and tebuconazole residues in tomato and bell pepper plant tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 6077-6086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagapooja Yogendraiah Matadha ◽  
Soudamini Mohapatra ◽  
Lekha Siddamallaiah ◽  
Veena Rao Udupi ◽  
Shambulinga Gadigeppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Pepper Plant

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici on Vegetable Crops in Georgia to Mandipropamid, Dimethomorph, and Cyazofamid

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Jackson ◽  
J. Yin ◽  
P. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Serious Disease

Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a serious disease in vegetable production, and selective use of fungicides continues to be a significant component of disease management programs. The effect of three chemical compounds—mandipropamid, dimethomorph, and cyazofamid—on asexual stages of P. capsici collected from bell pepper and cucurbits in Georgia was assessed in this study. Forty isolates of P. capsici were determined to be sensitive to mandipropamid and dimethomorph based on mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and sporangial production. Concentrations that were 50% effective (EC50 values) of mandipropamid that inhibited mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and sporangial production of the isolates averaged 0.03, 5.70, and 0.02 μg/ml, respectively. EC50 values of dimethomorph in inhibiting mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and sporangial production averaged 0.24, 0.10, and 0.46 μg/ml, respectively. The majority of isolates were either resistant or intermediately sensitive to cyazofamid at 500 μg/ml or lower concentrations based on mycelial growth or sporangial production, although all the isolates were sensitive to this compound based on zoospore germination, with an average EC50 of 0.04 μg/ml. The results indicated that P. capsici populations in Georgia have not developed resistance to mandipropamid and dimethomorph whereas, for the majority of the isolates, certain asexual stages were resistant to cyazofamid.

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