Weed Suppression by Annual Legume Cover Crops in No‐Tillage Corn

2001 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Fisk ◽  
Oran B. Hesterman ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Richard R. Harwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

Strategies to terminate summer cover crops for weed management in no-tillage vegetable production in southeast Brazil

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Roberto Botelho Ferraz Branco ◽  
Fernando de Carvalho ◽  
João Paulo de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Alves
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Abstract Cover crop residue left on the soil surface as organic mulch in no-tillage crop production provides several environmental benefits, including weed suppression. Thus, many farmers who use cover crops attempt to reduce the use of agricultural inputs, especially herbicides. Therefore, our objectives were to study the potential of different cover crop species to suppress weeds and produce an in situ organic mulch, and evaluate the effect of the organic mulch with and without spraying glyphosate on weed suppression for vegetable (tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) growth and yield. Five cover crop treatments (sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.], pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] and a no-cover crop (control)) were used in the main plots; and spraying or no spraying glyphosate on the flattened cover crop in the sub plots of split-plot experimental design. Organic mulch from pearl millet, sorghum and sunn hemp resulted in lower weed biomass during the early season of both tomato and broccoli than jack bean and no-cover crop (control). Spraying glyphosate after roller crimping reduced weed biomass by 103 g m−2 and 20 g m−2 by 45 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) of tomato, respectively and resulted in a better tomato yield compared to non spraying. Glyphosate reduced weed biomass by 110 g m−2 in the early season of broccoli (30 DAT), but did not affect yield. Terminating high biomass cover crops with a roller crimper is a promising technique for weed management in vegetable crops, which has the potential to reduce or even eliminate the need for herbicide.

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from a subtropical Ultisol by using long-term no-tillage in combination with legume cover crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Juliana Gomes ◽  
Josiléia Accordi Zanatta ◽  
Frederico Costa Beber Vieira ◽  
Jeferson Dieckow
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

scholarly journals Cover Crop Management and Weed Suppression in No-tillage Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1262-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia M. Carrera ◽  
Aref A. Abdul-Baki ◽  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Weed Biomass

Cover crops combined with conservation tillage practices can minimize chemical inputs and improve soil quality, soil water-holding capacity, weed suppression and crop yields. No-tillage production of sweet corn (Zea mays var. `Silver Queen') was studied for 2 years at the USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Md., to determine cover crop management practices that maximize yield and suppress weeds. Cover crop treatments were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch mixture, and bare soil (no cover crop). There were three cover crop killing methods: mowing, rolling or contact herbicide paraquat. All plots were treated with or without atrazine and metolachlor after planting. There was a 23% reduction in sweet corn plant population in the rye-hairy vetch mixture compared to bare soil. Averaged over both years, sweet corn yield in hairy vetch treatments was 43% greater than in bare soil, whereas yield in the rye-hairy vetch mixture was 30% greater than in bare soil. There were no significant main effects of kill method or significant interactions between kill method and cover crop on yield. Sweet corn yields were not different for hairy vetch or rye-hairy vetch treatments with or without atrazine and metolachlor. However, yield in bare soil without the herbicides atrazine and metolachor were reduced by 63% compared to bare soil with these herbicides. When no atrazine and metolachlor were applied, weed biomass was reduced in cover crops compared to the bare soil. Regression analysis showed greater yield loss per unit of weed biomass for bare soil than for the vetch or rye-hairy vetch mixture. This analysis suggests that cover crops increased sweet corn yield in the absence of atrazine and metolachlor not only by reducing weed biomass, but also by increasing the competitiveness of corn to weeds at any given biomass.

Legume cover crops under no-tillage favor organomineral association in microaggregates and soil C accumulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo G. Veloso ◽  
Diego Cecagno ◽  
Cimélio Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

Fall‐Seeded Legume Cover Crops for No‐Tillage Corn in the Humid East

1990 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Holderbaum ◽  
A. M. Decker ◽  
J. J. Messinger ◽  
F. R. Mulford ◽  
L. R. Vough
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

High carbon storage in a previously degraded subtropical soil under no-tillage with legume cover crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo G. Veloso ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Tales Tiecher ◽  
Sandro Giacomini ◽  
Jeferson Dieckow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Subtropical Soil ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

Nitrogen from Legume Cover Crops for No‐Tillage Corn 1

1984 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ebelhar ◽  
W. W. Frye ◽  
R. L. Blevins
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

Characterization of Legume Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in the Moist Savanna of Nigeria1

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRIDAY EKELEME ◽  
I. OKEZIE AKOBUNDU ◽  
R. OMOSUYI FADAYOMI ◽  
DAVID CHIKOYE ◽  
YEKEEN A. ABAYOMI
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Moist Savanna ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

scholarly journals Nitrogen recovery from fertilizers and cover crops by maize crop under no-tillage system

2020 ◽  
pp. 766-774
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzini ◽  
Alinne da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Tillage System

Crop rotation associated with the use of cover crops promotes the introduction of crop residues to the soil, with direct and indirect effects on the availability of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to estimate the N utilization from 15N-urea and cover crop residues (labelled with 15N) of maize crops grown in succession, and evaluate the effects of the isolated and combined use of cover crops and urea on maize plant height, yield components, and grain yield, grown under a no-tillage system. Field research was conducted in an Oxisol (Rhodic Haplustox), Cerrado (Savannah) phase. The experimental design was a randomized block with 20 treatments and four replications in a 5x4 factorial scheme. The treatments were four cover crops species: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), green velvet bean (Mucuna prurens), and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) + spontaneous vegetation (fallow in the off-season), combined with four N rates: 0, 30, 90, and 150 kg ha-1, applied at the sowing and topdressing stages. The results showed that legume cover crops provided maize grain yields equivalent to the application of 80-108 kg ha-1 N as urea. The urea N utilization by the maize was at an average of 43.5 % of the applied amount. The results indicate that cover crops, particularly legume cover crops, are an important source of N to non-legume cereals. Legumes used as cover crops can replace nitrogen fertilizers of more than 80 kg ha, which is both environmentally and economically viable for corn production.

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