Mass Selection for Small Seed Size in Natto Soybean Populations and the Resulting Effect on Seed Yield

The present study of the winter annual Crepis tectorum examines the relationship between seed (achene) size and the extent to which seeds resist germination during the year of their production. I carried out two seed burial experiments, one at an outcrop site occupied by a small-seeded population, and another in an experimental garden with soil from the same field site, with seeds representing the local population and a segregating generation of a cross between two other populations. Using logistic regression with data corrected for seed viability, I found an association between small seed size and failure to germinate in the first autumn. The small seed size characterizing many outcrop populations may have evolved as a response to selection for delaying germination in a habitat subject to unpredictable droughts during the growth season. Keywords: Crepis tectorum, germination, seed bank, seed size.

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Performance of small-seeded common bean from the second selection cycle and multiple-cross intra- and interracial populations

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-089 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 735-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shree P. Singh ◽

Carlos A. Urrea ◽

Albeiro Molina ◽

J. Arièl Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Seed Yield ◽

First Year ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Multiple Cross ◽

Progeny Tests ◽

Selection For ◽

100 Seed Weight

Twenty experimental lines of small-seeded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Middle American origin from the second cycle of selection (SCS) in multiple-cross intra- and interracial populations were evaluated with two control cultivars from the first cycle of selection (FCS) derived from single-cross intraracial populations and three standard controls at three locations for 3 yr (1988–1990) in Colombia. A 5 × 5 lattice design with four replications was used. Each plot consisted of four rows, 5 m long in the first year and 7 m long in the next 2 years. To develop experimental lines in both selection cycles, visual mass selection for seed yield and/or resistance to diseases in individual plants and plant-to-progeny rows was practiced in early generations. The F2 and F3 were managed by the single-pod bulk method followed by the single plant harvests (F4 or F5), progeny tests (F5 or F6), and seed increases (F6 or F7). The F4- or F5-derived lines were tested for seed yield in F7 or F8. Thirteen lines from the SCS outyielded both control cultivars from the FCS and one standard control. However, only two lines, A 785 and A 774, from the SCS outyielded the best standard control, cultivar Carioca, by an average of 7.7%. Both lines were derived from interracial populations involving high-yielding parents possessing positive general combining ability for seed yield. Most improved lines from the SCS possessed higher yield per day and higher disease resistance. No apparent changes were recorded in days to maturity and 100-seed weight for high-yielding lines. Late-maturing lines usually had lower yield and yield per day.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, small-seeded common bean, seed yield, cycles of selection, intra- and interracial crosses

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Comparison of single seed descent, selective intermating and mass selection for seed size in greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf00289008 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 678-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. N. Dahiya ◽

V. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Single Seed Descent ◽

Single Seed ◽

Selection For

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Effectiveness of Stratified Mass Selection for Yield in Intrasubspecific and Intersubspecific Crosses of Peanut1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-13-1-10 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 33-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. N. Holley ◽

J. C. Wynne

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Meat Content ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Effective Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

F2 Generation ◽

Bulk Breeding

Abstract Methods of broadening the genetic base of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) generally involve crosses of exotic germplasm with locally adapted cultivars. Broadening the genetic base effectively requires the evaluation of a large number of crosses and lines within crosses. Mass selection within a cross in early generation, as opposed to single seed descent or bulk breeding methods, eliminates many undesirable segregates from crosses of exotic with adapted germplasm. In this study five plant introductions, representing different levels of diversity, were crossed with an adapted Virginia (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) breeding line. Twelve high and 12 low yielding plants in the F2 generation of each cross were selected with a high and low selection being made from among 10 plants grown in sixteen 12-plant rows. The selected material was increased and evaluated in F4 generation yield trials at two locations. Stratified mass selection for higher seed yield was effective for both intersubspecific crosses but was only effective for one of the three intrasubspecific crosses. Confounding effects of meat content with seed yield and the small number of F2 plants evaluated may be partially responsible for the lack of effective selection for two of the intrasubspecific crosses. Selection for higher seed yield separated the F2 plants into two groups for meat content with the selections for high seed yield having higher meat content. However, the high and low selections, when evaluated in the F4 generation, were not different for meat content except for one intrasubspecific cross.

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Response of kabuli chickpea to seed size and planting depth

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-064 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Y. T. Gan ◽

P. R. Miller ◽

C. L. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Production Costs ◽

Planting Depth ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Small Seed

The use of small seed can reduce the production costs of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 15 to 25% by reducing the amount of seed needed per unit area, but little is known about the effects of seed size on stand establishment, plant growth, and seed yield in semiarid environments. We conducted a field study in southwest Saskatchewan from 1998 to 2000 and determined the chickpea responses to seed size under different planting depths. Crops grown from small (7.1–9.0 mm) diameter seed required the same number of days to emerge (16.7 d) and mature (106 d) as those from large (9.1–11.0 mm) diameter seed. There were no differences in plant establishment, shoot dry weight, pod production, or seed yield between the two seed sizes when planted at a 50-mm depth. However, the small-seeded crop produced 7% lower plant stand, 4% lower seed yield, and 3% less seed 1799-mm diameter compared to the large-seeded crop when planted at a 100-mm depth (P < 0.05). Large-seed ed chickpea plants were 20 mm (4%) taller, and the height of the lowest pods from the soil surface was 11 to 13 mm (5%) higher than those from the small seed, suggesting an improvement of harvestability. In general, planting depth did not affect seedling emergence, shoot dry weight, or seed yield, but when small seed was used, chickpea sown at the 50-mm depth increased seed yield by 6% compared to that at the 100-mm depth. Kabuli chickpea produced an average of >20 pods plant-1, with 77% of them containing one seed per pod, 10% with two seeds per pod, and the remainder containing no seed; this ratio of pod fertility was independent of seed size or planting depth. Our results indicate that the use of small seed and shallow planting can reduce the production costs of chickpea by $31 to $52 ha-1 without a seed yield penalty. This level of saving in production far exceeds the otherwise increased value of $4 to $6 ha-1 with the use of large seed which produces a higher (3%) proportion of ≥ 9-mm diameter seed. Key words: Seedling emergence, seed mass, pod production, Cicer arietinum L.

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Genetic Parameters for Determining Useful Parents in Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Breeding for Early Maturity, Small Seed Size, and High Seed Yield

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2021/3910073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Trustinah ◽

Rudi Iswanto ◽

Ratri T. Hapsari ◽

Novita Nugrahaeni ◽

Rudy Soehendi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Small Seed ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

High Seed Yield ◽

Number Of Branches

Early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield are important characters of mungbean in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the useful parents in mungbean crosses for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties by estimating the genetic parameters and their inheritance. The study was conducted at the ILETRI, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of 2014. 20 F1 and 5 parents were evaluated using a randomized block design, repeated three times. Results of the study showed that all observed traits showed the importance of both additive and dominance gene effects. The relative value of general combining ability (GCA) was greater than specific combining ability (SCA) for number of pod clusters per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height, days to maturity, and 100-seed weight which indicated the importance of additive gene effect. The dominance gene effect occurred on number of pods and seed yield per plant. Among five parents, G3 was the best combiner for all the observed characters except pod length; therefore, G3 could be exploited for late maturity, small seed size, high number of branches and pod cluster, and high seed yield. G5 has a high GCA for 100-seed weight. G1 and G2 have good GCA for early maturity. G3 and G5 genotypes are useful as parents in mungbean breeding for small and large seed size varieties, respectively. The best combination for seed yield was G2 × G3 and G3 × G1 crosses and could be proceeded with selection for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties.

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Associated changes in the attributes of wheat populations mass-selected for seed size

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9730179 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

GM Bhatt ◽

NF Derera

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Kernel Hardness ◽

Correlated Response ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Wheat Protein ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Economic Significance ◽

Flour Protein ◽

Protein Flour ◽

Selection For

Evaluation of wheat populations mass-selected for seed size was made [or agronomical and quality characters in F2 and FQ generations of the crosses. Estimates of means and variances for these characters and their correlation with seed size were obtained to study the correlated response to selection for seed size. The expression of quality characters (test weight, milling extract, wheat protein, flour protein, and kernel hardness) was found to be independent of the expression of seed size in all the crosses studied. In the case of agronomic characters, however, the crosses behaved differently so far as the correlated response was concerned. It was concluded that in the crosses studied, mass selection for seed size could be practiced with certain associated advantages and without adverse response for most of the characters of economic significance in wheat.

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Selection for seed size and its impact on grain yield and quality in kabuli chickpea

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-113 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 345-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. Gan ◽

P. Jayakumar ◽

R. P. Zentner ◽

C. L. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Field Performance ◽

Production Costs ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Selection For ◽

Grain Yield And Quality

Seed cost is a major input expense for the production of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) due to its large seed size. Use of small seeds could reduce production costs because a lower volume of seeds would be needed per unit area. This study determined the effects of seed size, and selective use of small seeds, year after year, on the field performance of kabuli chickpea in Swift Current, Saskatchewan from 2000 to 2003. Separated large (9.1–11.0 mm diameter) and small (8.1–9.0 mm) seeds of certified CDC Xena were compared with the original, unseparated seeds during the 4-yr study period. Also, small seeds separated from small-seeded previous crops and large seeds separated from large-seeded previous crops were compared with the respective generations of unseparated seeds. Year significantly affected plant biomass, seed yield, and the proportion of ≥ 9-mm-diameter seeds (9DSeeds) in the harvested seed lot, and crops grown from large and small seeds separated from the original seed lot (i.e., 1st year of separation) did not differ in a given year. The 2nd year of selection for small seeds affected seed yield and 9DSeeds, although the effect was minimal. With 3 consecutive years of selection, small seeds lowered seed yield by 23% and decreased 9DSeeds by 10% compared with the unseparated seeds. Selective use of large seeds improved biomass, but did not increase seed yield or 9DSeeds compared with the unseparated seeds. Small seeds of a certified kabuli cultivar can be selectively used for up to 2 consecutive years before incurring a yield penalty, but the use of small seeds will decrease the percentage of large seeds in the harvested seed lot. Key words: Seed weight, selection pressure, Cicer arietinum L.

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