Soil Carbon, Soil Formation, and Ecosystem Development

2006 ◽  
pp. 155-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Van Cleve ◽  
Robert F. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Ecosystem Development

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis and calibration of a soil carbon model (SoilGen2) in two contrasting loess forest soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1817-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Yu ◽  
P. A. Finke ◽  
H. B. Wu ◽  
Z. T. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Change

Abstract. To accurately estimate past terrestrial carbon pools is the key to understand the global carbon cycle and its relationship with the climate system. SoilGen2 is a useful tool to obtain aspects of soil properties (including carbon content) by simulating soil formation processes; thus it offers an opportunity for past soil carbon pool reconstruction. In order to apply it to various environmental conditions, parameters related to carbon cycle process in SoilGen2 are calibrated based on 6 soil pedons from two typical loess deposition regions (Belgium and China). Sensitivity analysis using Morris' method shows that decomposition rate of humus (kHUM), fraction of incoming plant material as leaf litter (frecto) and decomposition rate of resistant plant material (kRPM) are 3 most sensitive parameters that would cause the greatest uncertainty in simulated change of soil organic carbon in both regions. According to the principle of minimizing the difference between simulated and measured organic carbon by comparing quality indices, the suited values of kHUM, frecto and kRPM in the model are deduced step by step. The difference of calibrated parameters between Belgium and China may be attributed to their different vegetation types and climate conditions. This calibrated model is improved for better simulation of carbon change in the whole pedon and has potential for future modeling of carbon cycle in paleosols.

scholarly journals Of mosses and men: Plant succession, soil development and soil carbon accretion in the sub-Arctic volcanic landscape of Hekla, Iceland

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kolbrún Vilmundardóttir ◽  
Friðþór Sófus Sigurmundsson ◽  
Gro Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen ◽  
Joaquín Muñoz-Cobo Belart ◽  
Fadi Kizel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Loose Material ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Soil Accumulation

Lava flows pose a hazard in volcanic environments and reset ecosystem development. A succession of dated lava flows provides the possibility to estimate the direction and rates of ecosystem development and can be used to predict future development. We examine plant succession, soil development and soil carbon (C) accretion on the historical (post 874 AD) lava flows formed by the Hekla volcano in south Iceland. Vegetation and soil measurements were conducted all around the volcano reflecting the diverse vegetation communities on the lavas, climatic conditions around Hekla mountain and various intensities in deposition of loose material. Multivariate analysis was used to identify groups with similar vegetation composition and patterns in the vegetation. The association of vegetation and soil parameters with lava age, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and soil accumulation rate (SAR) was analysed. Soil carbon concentration increased with increasing lava age becoming comparable to concentrations found on the prehistoric lavas. The combination of a sub-Arctic climate, gradual soil thickening due to input of loose material and the specific properties of volcanic soils allow for continuing accumulation of soil carbon in the soil profile. Four successional stages were identified: initial colonization and cover coalescence (ICC) of Racomitrium lanuginosum and Stereocaulon spp. (lavas <70 years of age); secondary colonization (SC) – R. lanuginosum dominance (170−700 years); vascular plant dominance (VPD) (>600 years); and highland conditions/retrogression (H/R) by tephra deposition (70−860 years). The long time span of the SC stage indicates arrested development by the thick R. lanuginosum moss mat. The progression from SC into VPD was linked to age of the lava flows and soil depth, which was significantly deeper within the VPD stage. Birch was growing on lavas over 600 years old indicating the development towards birch woodland, the climax ecosystem in Iceland.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis and calibration of a soil carbon model (SoilGen2) in two contrasting loess forest soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Yu ◽  
P. A. Finke ◽  
H. B. Wu ◽  
Z. T. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. To accurately estimate past terrestrial carbon pools is the key to understanding the global carbon cycle and its relationship with the climate system. SoilGen2 is a useful tool to obtain aspects of soil properties (including carbon content) by simulating soil formation processes; thus it offers an opportunity for both past soil carbon pool reconstruction and future carbon pool prediction. In order to apply it to various environmental conditions, parameters related to carbon cycle process in SoilGen2 are calibrated based on six soil pedons from two typical loess deposition regions (Belgium and China). Sensitivity analysis using the Morris method shows that decomposition rate of humus (kHUM), fraction of incoming plant material as leaf litter (frecto) and decomposition rate of resistant plant material (kRPM) are the three most sensitive parameters that would cause the greatest uncertainty in simulated change of soil organic carbon in both regions. According to the principle of minimizing the difference between simulated and measured organic carbon by comparing quality indices, the suited values of kHUM, (frecto and kRPM in the model are deduced step by step and validated for independent soil pedons. The difference of calibrated parameters between Belgium and China may be attributed to their different vegetation types and climate conditions. This calibrated model allows more accurate simulation of carbon change in the whole pedon and has potential for future modeling of carbon cycle over long timescales.

Soil organic matter build-up during soil formation in glacier forefields around the world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norine Khedim ◽  
Lauric Cécillon ◽  
Jérome Poulenard ◽  
Pierre Barré ◽  
François Baudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Soil Carbon Pools ◽  
The World

&lt;p&gt;Due to the continued ice retreat with global warming, areas of deglaciated forefields will strongly increase in the future, leading to the emergence of new terrestrial ecosystems in many regions of the world. The soil chronosequences resulting from glacier retreat have long been a key tool for studies focusing on the mechanisms of soil formation and soil organic matter storage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study aimed at identifying general patterns in soil organic matter (SOM) build-up during the initial stage of soil formation and ecosystem development (0&amp;#8211;500 years) in different glacier forefields around the world. For this purpose, we measured total soil organic matter concentration (C and N), its stable isotopic composition (&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C, &lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N) and its distribution in carbon pools of different biogeochemical stability over time in ten soil chronosequences on glacier forefields (four Andeans, one Canadian Rockies, one Greenland, two Alps, one Caucasus, one Himalaya). The distribution of SOM in carbon pools was estimated with Rock-Eval&amp;#174; thermal analysis. We then tested the effect of time and climatic variables (temperature, precipitation) on the build-up of soil organic matter (total concentration, isotopic signature and distribution in carbon pools).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found a positive correlation between the rate of SOM accumulation and the average temperature of the warmest quarter (three-month period). We also noted significant traces of atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic origin in some forefield glaciers, particularly in the northern hemisphere. The build-up of soil carbon pools showed consistent trends across the soil chronosequences of the ten glacier forefields. During the first decades of soil formation, the very low SOM quantities were dominated by a very stable carbon with a small but significant labile carbon pool. This may highlight the presence of organic matter derived from ancient carbon on the different forefield glaciers, decomposed by an active living trophic network of soil microorganisms. The overall stability of SOM then slowly decreased with time, reflecting the soil carbon input from plants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conclude that while the rate of SOM accumulation is driven by climate (air temperature of the growing season), the build-up of soil carbon pools shows a consistent temporal trajectory on the different glacier forefields around the world.&lt;/p&gt;

An Exploratory Study for Health Ecosystem Development for Young Adults Living Alone

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
HyeMin Byun ◽  
EunKyoung Yun ◽  
NamHe Choi ◽  
Jisun Choi ◽  
Juhee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Ecosystem Development

SAFARI 2000 ORGANIC SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN DATA (ZINKE ET AL.)

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. EMANUEL ◽  
J. S. OLSON ◽  
W. M. POST ◽  
A. G. STANGENBERGER ◽  
P. J. ZINKE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen

LBA REGIONAL ORGANIC SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN DATA (ZINKE ET AL.)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. EMANUEL ◽  
J. S. OLSON ◽  
W. M. POST ◽  
A. G. STANGENBERGER ◽  
P. J. ZINKE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen

GLOBAL ORGANIC SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN (ZINKE ET AL.)

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. EMANUEL ◽  
J. S. OLSON ◽  
W. M. POST ◽  
A. G. STANGENBERGER ◽  
P. J. ZINKE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen

BOREAS TGB-12 SOIL CARBON SITE INFORMATION

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWCOMER ◽  
G. RAPALEE ◽  
S. E. TRUMBORE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon

Predicted consequences of increased rainfall variability on soil carbon stocks in a semiarid environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M Forouzangohar ◽  
R Setia ◽  
DD Wallace ◽  
CR Nitschke ◽  
LT Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks
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