Factors Affecting Change in Soil Test Phosphorus Following Manure and Fertilizer Application

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may have consequences on plant available P and K concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impacts on topsoil P and K contents in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain Ultisols. Five stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by wt) were removed for five years from replicated plots. Grain and stover mass with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal. Mehlich 1 (M1)-extractable P and K concentrations were used to monitor changes within the soils. Grain alone removed 13–15 kg ha−1 P and 15–18 kg ha−1 K each year, resulting in a cumulative removal of 70 and 85 kg ha−1 or 77 and 37% of the P and K fertilizer application, respectively. Harvesting stover increased nutrient removal such that when combined with grain removed, a cumulative total of 95% of the applied P and 126% of fertilizer K were taken away. This caused M1 P and K levels to decline significantly in the first year and even with annual fertilization to remain relatively static thereafter. For these Ultisols, we conclude that P and K fertilizer recommendations should be fine-tuned for P and K removed with grain and stover harvesting and that stover harvest of >50% by weight will significantly decrease soil test M1 P and K contents.

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Agronomic and environmental soil test phosphorus in manured and non-manured Manitoba soils

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s06-030 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 73-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Kimaragamage ◽

O O Akinremi ◽

D. Flaten ◽

J. Heard

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Single Equation ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Test ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Soil P ◽

Soil Test Phosphorus ◽

Bray 1 ◽

Water Extractable

Quantitative relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) methods are needed to guide P management especially in manured soils with high P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare amounts of P extracted by different methods; (ii) to develop and verify regression equations to convert results among methods; and (iii) to establish environmental P thresholds for different methods, in manured and non-manured soils of Manitoba. We analyzed 214 surface soil samples (0–15 cm), of which 51 had previous manure application. Agronomic STP methods were Olsen (O-P), Mehlich-3 (M3-P), Kelowna-1 (original; K1-P), Kelowna-2 (modified; K2-P), Kelowna-3 (modified; K3-P), Bray-1 (B1-P) and Miller and Axley (MA-P), while environmental STP methods were water extractable (W-P), Ca Cl2 extractable (Ca-P) and iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) methods. The different methods extracted different amounts of P, but were linearly correlated. For an O-P range of 0–30 mg kg-1, relationships between O-P and other STP were similar for manured and nonmanured soils, but the relationships diverged at higher O-P levels, indicating that one STP cannot be reliably converted to another using a single equation for manured and non-manured soils at environmentally critical P levels (0–100 mg kg-1 O-P). Suggested environmental soil P threshold ranges, in mg P kg-1, were 88–118 for O-P, 138–184 for K1-P, 108–143 for K2-P, 103–137 for K3-P, 96–128 for B1-P, 84–111 for MA-P, 15–20 for W-P, 5–8 for Ca-P and 85–111 for FeO-P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil test phosphorus, manured soils, non-manured soils, environmental threshold

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Soil test phosphorus as affected by phosphorus budgets in two long-term field experiments in Germany

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2018.01.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 158-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Theresa Zicker ◽

Sabine von Tucher ◽

Mareike Kavka ◽

Bettina Eichler-Löbermann

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Test ◽

Phosphorus Budgets ◽

Soil Test Phosphorus ◽

Term Field

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Soil Test Phosphorus and Phosphorus Availability of Swine Manures with Long-Term Application

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2017.07.0412 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 1943-1950

Author(s):

Xianjun J. Hao ◽

T.Q. Zhang ◽

Y.T. Wang ◽

C.S. Tan ◽

Z.M. Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Availability ◽

Soil Test ◽

Soil Test Phosphorus

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Soil phosphorus testing: 2. Assessment of a rotary blade soil sampler for collecting soil samples to measure soil test phosphorus

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1080/00103629409369195 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 25 (13-14) ◽

pp. 2385-2394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. D. A. Bolland ◽

M. J. Baker ◽

I. R. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Test ◽

Soil Test Phosphorus

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Online Fertilizer Recommendation System (OFRS): A Step Towards Precision Agriculture And Optimized Fertilizer Usage By Smallholder Farmers In Bangladesh

European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejgeo.2020.1.4.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

Author(s):

M. A. Hossain ◽

M. N. A. Siddique

Keyword(s):

Precision Agriculture ◽

Recommendation System ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Soil Test ◽

Total Production ◽

Soil Database ◽

Fertilizer Recommendation ◽

Fertilizer Recommendations ◽

Input Cost

The recent progression and Green Revolution (approx. between the 1990s-2010s) in agriculture of Bangladesh resulted in an increase of total production despite yield-gap to ensure food security. But agriculture in Bangladesh is still backed-up by higher use of inputs (agrochemicals-fertilizers, pesticides; modern varieties, irrigation etc.) and inversion tillage. This conventional agrochemical-based smallholder agriculture may lead to soil and environmental degradation, soil acidification, and a decline in soil fertility. Therefore, it is significant to optimize input application in intensive agriculture, especially fertilizers. This paper introduces the potential online facilities of generating online fertilizer recommendations for smallholder farmers in Bangladesh to ensure proper usage of fertilizers and enable sustainable agricultural production. We also highlighted how the usage of fertilizers increased with an increase in total production over time. But the sustainability of production in the years to come still remain challenging. With the aim of sustainable crop production, reduction in the misuse of fertilizers and reduction of input cost by optimizing the present pattern of excessive fertilizer application, the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) provides location-specific fertilizer recommendation through both the manual and soil test based interpretation of plant nutrients: soil database in Upzazila Nirdeshika and static laboratory soil analysis. Recently, SRDI developed web-based software named Online Fertilizer Recommendation System (OFRS). The system is capable of generating location-specific fertilizer recommendations for selected crops by analyzing the national soil database developed by this governmental institute. The software requires farmer field location, respective soil and land type, and crop type and variety information to generate crop-specific instant fertilizer recommendation. It was observed that by using fertilizer according to the recommended dose calculated on the basis of soil test values, farmers could harvest approx. 7-22% higher yield of different crops over usual farmers practice. If this system can be popularized and disseminated by effective agricultural extension, this would immensely contribute to the promotion of precision agriculture, input cost reduction and it would certainly enable us to optimize fertilizer application by the smallholder farmers in Bangladesh.

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Fertilization of Red Maple ( Acer rubrum) and Littleleaf Linden ( Tilia cordata) Trees at Recommended Rates Does Not Aid Tree Establishment

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2007.012 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 113-121

Author(s):

Susan Day ◽

J. Roger Harris

Keyword(s):

Acer Rubrum ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

Red Maple ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Fertilizer Regimes

Landscape trees typically grow slowly for several years after transplanting. We investigated whether fertilization could speed tree growth during this establishment period, which fertilization regimes were most effective, and whether fertilization interacted with irrigation. Fifty-four each of landscape-sized, balled-and-burlapped red maple (Acer rubrum) and littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata) were planted into a relatively infertile silt loam soil and were fertilized (1.5 kg N/100 m 2[3 lb N/1000 ft 2]) each spring (either including or not including at planting), each fall, or not fertilized. Each of these fertilizer regimes was either irrigated or not irrigated during 3 years. An additional treatment of an unirrigated, split (spring/fall) fertilizer application was included. There was no evidence that fertilization affected irrigated trees differently than unirrigated trees. Overall, fertilization did not speed establishment and did not affect trunk growth, shoot extension, or leaf nitrogen content. There was no evidence that fall fertilization might be more effective than spring fertilization. There was no indication that fertilized trees experienced increased drought stress. Nitrogen rates and factors affecting fertilizer uptake are discussed.

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Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960607784125339 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 301 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. UUSITALO ◽

E. TURTOLA ◽

J. GRÖNROOS

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Animal Production ◽

Plant Production ◽

Major Influence ◽

Soil Test ◽

P Loss ◽

P Concentration ◽

Soil Test P ◽

Soil Test Phosphorus ◽

Yield Responses

Soil test phosphorus (P) concentration has a major influence on the dissolved P concentration in runoff from agricultural soils. Thus, trends in soil test P partly determine the development of pollution potential of agricultural activities. We reviewed the changes of soil test P and P balances in Finnish agriculture, and assessed the current setting of P loss potential after two Agri-Environmental Programs. Phosphorus balance of the Finnish agriculture has decreased from +35 kg ha1 of the 1980s to about +8 kg P ha1 today. As a consequence, the 50-yr upward trend in soil test P concentrations has probably levelled out in the late 1990s, as suggested by sampling of about 1600 fields and by a modelling exercise. For the majority of our agricultural soils, soil test P concentrations are currently at a level at which annual P fertilization is unlikely to give measurable yield responses. Soils that benefit from annual P applications are more often found in farms specialized in cereal production, whereas farms specialized in non-cereal plant production and animal production have higher soil test P concentrations. An imbalance in P cycling between plant (feed) and animal production is obvious, and regional imbalances are a result of concentration of animal farms in some parts of the country. A major concern in future will be the fate of manure P in those regions where animal production intensity is further increasing.;

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