Reforms Aiming at Economies of Scale: The Structure of Administration and Management Costs of Public Statutory Accident Insurance Funds in Germany

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Haag ◽  
Ashok Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Accident Insurance ◽  
Statutory Accident Insurance ◽  
Insurance Funds

Contextual Assessment of Retinal Injuries – Tasks of the Ophthalmological Expert

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (09) ◽  
pp. 1045-1059
Author(s):  
Frank Tost ◽  
Andreas Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Accident Insurance ◽  
Social Law ◽  
Statutory Accident Insurance ◽  
Private Accident Insurance ◽  
Competing Causes ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe ophthalmologic assessment of causal relationships is subject to formal guidelines, depending on the legal field (social law in the statutory accident insurance, civil law in the private accident insurance). After determining all objective and subjective findings of the individual case with complete recording of the medical facts, the ophthalmologist has the task of making a summarizing assessment of the existing cause-and-effect relationship. With regard to the distinction between retinal damage caused by an accident or retinal disease not caused by an accident, it is necessary to weigh up the natural causality according to the state of medical experience on the basis of the criteria strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporal sequence, dose dependence, agreement with previous findings, experimental reliability and analogous consideration. All records of medical findings from the patientʼs medical history and the individual description of the accident must be included in the expert opinion. In the case of several competing causes (often accident and pre-existing damage), the social law in the statutory accident insurance must present the causal contributions with roughly estimated probabilities. In civil law, valid for the private accident insurance, the existence of partial causality (approx. 25, 50, 75%) must be evaluated.

Insurance, size and exposure to actuarial risk: empirical evidence from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century German Knappschaften

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Alexander Jopp
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Insurance Benefits ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Actuarial Risk

By the mid nineteenth century, German miners relied on their own job-related social insurance scheme providing them with sickness, invalidity and survivorship insurance benefits. Addressing the period from 1867 to 1913, this article investigates whether the mineworkers' insurance funds, the Knappschaften, could effectively minimise their exposure to the actuarial risk inherent in their operations – and, in fact, inherent in all such insurance schemes – by increasing the scale of pooling. Contemporary observers of the Knappschaften tended to focus on whether financial stability could be improved by exploiting economies of scale, rather than by improving the pricing techniques themselves. Evidence suggests that actuarial risk was minimised at around 5,000 contributors in a Knappschaft's pension insurance section and at about 1,000 contributors in its sickness insurance section.

Nanotechnology—Opportunities and risks from the statutory accident insurance point of view

2009 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. S178-S179
Author(s):  
Maren Beth-Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Accident Insurance ◽  
Statutory Accident Insurance

Economies of Scale in Sewage Treatment Using a Translog Cost Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (null) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
박선영 ◽  
Chongwon Kim ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Translog Cost Function ◽  
Translog Cost

Evaluating the Efficiency of Public Sewer Systems in Korean Local Governments: Focusing on Economies of Scale, Density, and Scope

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Subin Kim ◽  
◽  
Sungyoung Jeong ◽  
Sooho Bae ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Sewer Systems
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document