ONE-OFF COMPENSATION TO FAMILY MEMBERS FOR AN ACCIDENT AT WORK OR OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE

A one-off for family members in the event of the death of an insured person as a result of an accident at work or occupational disease shall be of an insurance nature. It is granted in the event of the death of an insured person who was covered by accident insurance. The benefit is paid by ZUS on the basis of a decision. It is paid from the accident fund, where the premiums paid for accident insurance are collected. In addition, the amount of the premium depends on the degree of risk of accident. The conditions for one-off compensation and its amount were structured in a schematic manner, since it was not necessary to determine the nature and size of the damage. Such rules for determining one-off compensation lead to simplification and scheme for compensation for damage. These features of compensation mean that the damage can be repaired in a limited manner. Accident compensation does little to meet the characteristics of civil law compensation. The extent to which the compensatory function of compensating for damage is to be carried out will depend on the type of damage and its extent, as well as on whether family members will be entitled to other accident benefits.

Head injuries in professional football (soccer): Results of video analysis verified by an accident insurance registry

Background Video analysis is one of the most commonly applied methods for analysing football injuries. Purpose The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of video analysis for recording head injuries in professional football from official matches in the four highest men’s professional football leagues in Germany. Methods In this cohort study, head injuries detected by means of video analysis of all official matches over one season (2017–18) were compared to head injuries registered with the German statutory accident insurance. Results Our video analysis yielded 359 head injuries of 287 players. The comparison of head injuries found in our video analysis to those registered with the accident insurance only yielded a match in 23.1% (n = 83), which presents a rather low verification rate. The verification rates varied between the leagues (7.0–30.8%). All injuries documented in the accident insurance registry were found in the video analysis (100%). The types of head injury most often verified by the accident insurance registry (n = 83) were contusion (43.4%), bone fractures (19.3%) and skin lacerations (18.1%). Only 66 of the 359 head injuries (18.4%) resulted in absence from at least one training session and involved a mean time loss of 18.5 days (1–87 days). Conclusion The mismatch between the number of head injuries found in the video analysis and head injuries registered with the accident insurance is an important methodological issue in scientific research. The low verification rate seems to be due to the unclear correlation between injury severity and clinical consequences of head injuries detected by means of video analysis and the failure of football clubs to register minor head injuries with the accident insurance.

Farmers’ work-related social security in Finland, implemented by Mela

Mela is the Farmers’ Social Insurance Institution of Finland (in Finnish: Maatalousyrittäjien eläkelaitos) founded in 1969. It provides comprehensive pension cover and social security to farmers, reindeer herders, fishermen, forest owners and recipients of scientific or artistic grants and scholarships living in Finland. In addition to providing pension insurance (MYEL), Mela provides its customers: statutory occupational accident insurance, leisuretime accident insurance, Mela sickness allowance, occupational rehabilitation, group life insurance, and farm closure support for farmers and reindeer herders. It also administers the farmers’ holiday and stand-in scheme, and provides advisory services related to occupational safety and wellbeing at work. The social security provided by Mela was originally addresses to farmers, reindeer herders, fishermen, forest owners. Since 2009 also recipients of scientific and artistic grants/scholarships are Mela’s customers. This article presents the most important stages in the development of social insurance for agricultural entrepreneurs in Finland and the evolution of this system until today. It also explains different benefits offered by Mela and the rules of being subject to social insurance by Mela, as well as the financial economy of Mela, including Mela’s sources of revenue. Finally, it presents tailored programmes and actions offered by Mela to the insured.

OSIGURANjE LICA OD POSLEDICA NESREĆNOG SLUČAJA (NEZGODE)

Accident insurance, together with life insurance are two basic types of individual insurance traditionally covered by insurance law. In this kind of insurance, the insurer for a certain insurance premium, assumes the obligation to pay the insured sum to the insured individual or other beneficiary if, during the insurance contract, the insured person or other beneficiary sustains injury or even death as a result of the accident covered by the insurance contract, as well as to reimburse the costs of medical treatment and income loss as a result of temporary work disability, if foreseen by the contract. The basic rule in accident insurance is that, in case of the accident covered by the contract, the insured person will receive the insured sum agreed in the contract, and not the reimbursement of the incurred expenses or losses. Only in rare cases this type of insurance has the elements of property insurance – only in cases when the insured is entitled, in addition to the insured sum, to reimbursement of medical expenses and income loss. Today, the insurance of the individuals against accidents is widely used. It is a specific type of services offered by insurance companies. From the original accident insurance contracts signed on voluntary bases, we have come long way to have a large number of mandatory accident insurances, which is mostly the result of the growing number of occupations with the risk of accidents. It is obvious that beneficiaries of this type of insurance have realized that for a relatively small amount of premium, they will receive protection if they suffer from unexpected accidents that may result in physical injuries, even fatalities.

A Questionnaire Based on A Sub-Regional Hierarchical Level Showed the Following: Application of Medical Accident Insurance is Suitable in Shanghai, China

Background: The application of medical accident insurance could not only cover parts of patients’ property loss caused by non-medical negligence, but also reduce the risks of medical staff during medical services. However, the compensation mechanism for medical accidents is unsound in china. Methods: In order to figure out the awareness and acceptance of the medical accident insurance in Shanghai medical institutions, medical staff and patients, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The feedback, which in total came from 22 medical institutions, 1,689 medical staff and 1,342 patients, was statistically analyzed by chi-square test.Results：Only 22.72% of the 22 hospitals in this questionnaire survey purchased medical accident insurance. As a result, medical accident insurance only accounts for 3.13% of medical compensation, which was far lower than the negotiated compensation ratio (61.25%) and the medical liability insurance compensation ratio (14.38%). This may be due to the low awareness of medical accident insurance, and our survey also proves this phenomenon. In this survey, we find that only a small proportion (22.73%) of medical institutions purchase medical accident insurance. What is more unexpected is that the vast majorities of patients (50.00%) and medical workers (64.00%) have only heard of it and are not aware of it. Although nearly half of the patients (45.16%) and medical workers (58.26%) are willing to buy medical accident insurance, there were still some patients and medical workers who were uncertain (32.80% and 38.82%, respectively) or unwilling to buy it (8.94% and 16.02%, respectively). The reason is nothing more than that no benefits will occur while the cost is high. Among those willing to buy, the majority of the patients (58.19%) and medical workers (54.39%) only accept the amount of insurance less than RMB 200 yuan. Conclusions: The acceptability and cognition of medical accident insurance in medical workers and patients are still at a low level in Shanghai. In addition, preliminary data from medical institutions purchasing medical accident insurance shows that the insurance can effectively reduce medical disputes and ease economic burden. To sum up, medical accident insurance has good application prospect and space in Shanghai, China.

Analysis and Interpretation of Hand Injuries Based on Data from the National Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance System

PurposeLike other countries, Korea has a high incidence of hand injuries due to industrial accidents. In this study, the social demographic characteristics of hand injuries treated with industrial insurance in Korea and some related occupational factors were analyzed. The evaluation of the dynamics and trends of hand injuries including the association with related factors were conducted.MethodsBased on the 2018 Industrial Accident Insurance Panel Survey data provided by the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, a retrospective review was conducted on all hand injuries cases treated with industrial insurance between January 2018 and December 2018.ResultsThis review identified a total of 983 cases of hand trauma. The most common age group is 51 to 60 years (36.1%). 61.1% of those surveyed had a length of employment of less than 1 year, and fractures were the most common types of injuries. Amputations were the more frequent injury in the longer working group.ConclusionIn this study, the number of patients treated using industrial accident insurance was the highest among those with less than six months of work experience In addition, in patients with long working periods, more severe injuries such as severe amputation were observed. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a precise education program to prevent severe injuries suitable for skilled workers. The findings in this study are significant in providing insight into the current state of Korea's industrial accidents and enabling appropriate preventive measures to be taken.

Sozialpolitik zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie. Niederösterreichische Positionen bei der Errichtung gesamtstaatlicher Sozialversicherungen

Social Policy between the Centre and the Periphery. Lower Austrian Positions and the Establishment of State Social Security. In the 1880s, the Cisleithanian half of the Habsburg Monarchy began to develop a state social policy. The laws on accident insurance (1887) and health insurance (1888) established a material safeguard against typical risks of working life on the national level. The parliamentary negotiations were situated in the context of the debate over the relationship between the state and its lands, between the centre and the periphery of the empire. Lower Austrian actors positioned themselves in these negotiations primarily as representatives of the imperial center and called for centralized implementation of social insurance. Contrary to these demands, social security funds had federal elements and opened up possibilities for new political links between the centre and the periphery.