The Contractual Governance of Disputes in Biopharmaceutical Alliances: The Role of Exchange and Environmental Complexity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Dormans
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Contractual Governance

The moderating role of organizational environments on the relationship between inventory leanness and venture survival in Chinese manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Yingjie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Failure Time ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Accelerated Failure Time Model ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Environments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between inventory leanness and venture survival, and demonstrate the role of organizational environments in moderating this relationship from three dimensions: environmental complexity, dynamism and munificence. Design/methodology/approach Using a large panel data of more than 150,000 new Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises between 2000 and 2007 in the manufacturing sector, the authors employ the method of survival analysis via an accelerated failure time model to explore the non-linear relationship between inventory leanness and the likelihood of survival. Moreover, the moderation model is applied to examine the moderating role of organizational environments. Findings At its core, this paper demonstrates the inverted U-shaped relationship between inventory leanness and the likelihood of survival. Furthermore, the authors find that environmental complexity and dynamism can negatively moderate this relationship, whereas environmental munificence acts the exact opposite. Practical implications Managers need to realize the trade-off between inventory leanness and venture survival. Collectively, more than 90 percent of new Chinese ventures have great potential to improve the likelihood of survival by implementing inventory leanness management. In addition, firms ought to be fully aware of the internal management and the external environments. Originality/value This is the first study to confirm the inverted U-shaped relationship between inventory leanness and the likelihood of survival, and empirically verify the moderating role of environmental complexity, dynamism and munificence on this relationship.

When organizational complexity helps corporation improve its performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liu ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Panpan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporation Performance ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Shape Curve ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the assertion that the relationship between corporation performance and organizational complexity follows an inverted U-shape curve, and a corporation gains the best performance when its organizational complexity fits its environmental complexity. Design/methodology/approach – This research did not directly measure environmental complexity to verify the relationship between corporation performance and complex environment, but measured organizational complexity to subtly display the effect of the organizational complexity on the corporation performance while controlled the environmental complexity. To do so, a set of corporations that shared the similar environment was selected, and then these corporations’ performance and organizational complexity were calculated, the related hypotheses were tested empirically. Findings – The paper proved the inverted U-shape relationship between organizational complexity and corporation performance, and also found that different corporation chooses different complex adaptive way, so the inverted U-shape relationship displays hierarchy. Research limitations/implications – Future research should search out to calculate corporation’s environment complexity the fitness of organizational complexity for testing hypotheses. Practical implications – The regularity of relationship between organizational complexity and corporation performance is helpful for managers to understand that a way to improve a corporation’s performance is to enhance the fitness of organizational complexity and environmental complexity. Social implications – Organizational complexity may be competitive advantage, but excessive growth of it will be harmful. Originality/value – Usually organizational complexity is thought of as a negative factor to corporation performance and tends to be constrained, but this research explored the role of organizational complexity to corporation performance and the findings helps managers to understand when to enhance organizational complexity and when to weaken it. The methodology of calculating the fitness of organizational complexity and environmental complexity by fixing environment is a contribution to complexity theory research.

scholarly journals Reverse resource exchanges in service supply chains: the case of returnable transport packaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Selviaridis ◽  
Aristides Matopoulos ◽  
Leslie Thomas Szamosi ◽  
Alexandros Psychogios
Keyword(s):  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contractual Governance ◽  
Contractual Agreements ◽  
Service Supply Chains

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how reverse resource exchanges and resource dependencies are managed in the service supply chain (SSC) of returnable transport packaging (RTP). Design/methodology/approach A single case study was conducted in the context of automotive logistics focusing on the RTP SSC. Data were collected through 16 interviews, primarily with managers of a logistics service provider (LSP) and document analysis of contractual agreements with key customers of the packaging service. Findings Resource dependencies among actors in the SSC result from the importance of the RTP for the customer’s production processes, the competition among users for RTP and the negative implications of the temporary unavailability of RTP for customers and the LSP (in terms of service performance). Amongst other things, the LSP is dependent on its customers and third-party users (e.g. the customer’s suppliers) for the timely return of package resources. The role of inter-firm integration and collaboration, formal contracts as well as customers’ power and influence over third-party RTP users are stressed as key mechanisms for managing LSP’s resource dependencies. Research limitations/implications A resource dependence theory (RDT) lens is used to analyse how reverse resource exchanges and associated resource dependencies in SSCs are managed, thus complementing the existing SSC literature emphasising the bi-directionality of resource flows. The study also extends the recent SSC literature stressing the role of contracting by empirically demonstrating how formal contracts can be mobilised to explicate resource dependencies and to specify, and regulate, reverse exchanges in the SSC. Practical implications The research suggests that logistics providers can effectively manage their resource dependencies and regulate reverse exchanges in the SSC by deploying contractual governance mechanisms and leveraging their customers’ influence over third-party RTP users. Originality/value The study is novel in its application of RDT, which enhances our understanding of the management of reverse exchanges and resource dependencies in SSCs.

Deconstructing Complexity in Air Traffic Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Cummings ◽  
Chris Tsonis
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Color Categories ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Human Supervisory Control

While previous research has addressed air traffic controller workload as a function of cognitive complexity due to environmental and to a lesser degree, organizational factors, significantly less attention has been paid to the role of displays and complexity in the ATC environment. One drawback to new display technology is that in dynamic human supervisory control domains, it is not always clear whether a decision support interface actually alleviates or contributes to the problem of complexity. In an attempt to quantify the influence of environmental and display complexity factors on cognitive complexity, an experiment was conducted to determine if these two components could be effectively measured. Results revealed that the environmental factor of increasing aircraft number affected subject performance only slightly more than the display complexity factor of increased color categories. These findings are important because the use of color in displays is meant to reduce environmental complexity, not add to it.

scholarly journals Entrepreneur's Passion and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification: A Moderated Mediation Effect Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi Cai ◽  
Zongfa Wu ◽  
Yingli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Passion ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Cognition ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Based on the theory of entrepreneurial cognition, we examined the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and opportunity identification, and the moderating roles of environmental complexity and mediating role of entrepreneurial contextual knowledge in this relationship. Results from 246 entrepreneurs supported the hypothesis that both their entrepreneurial passion and their entrepreneurial contextual knowledge would be positively related to opportunity identification, and these relationships would be moderated by environmental complexity. Further, environmental complexity enhanced the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and opportunity identification, and also amplified the relationship between contextual knowledge and opportunity identification. The results suggest that the effect of entrepreneurs’ passion on opportunity identification depends on the level of the individual's contextual knowledge and environmental complexity.

scholarly journals Addiction beyond pharmacological effects: the role of environment complexity and bounded rationality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Ognibene ◽  
Vincenzo G. Fiore ◽  
Xiaosi Gu
Keyword(s):  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Situation Recognition ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Model ◽  
Substances Of Abuse

AbstractSeveral decision-making vulnerabilities have been identified as underlying causes for addictive behaviours, or the repeated execution of stereotyped actions despite their adverse consequences. These vulnerabilities are mostly associated with brain alterations caused by the consumption of substances of abuse. However, addiction can also happen in the absence of a pharmacological component, such as seen in pathological gambling and videogaming. We use a new reinforcement learning model to highlight a previously neglected vulnerability that we suggest interacts with those already identified, whilst playing a prominent role in non-pharmacological forms of addiction. Specifically, we show that a duallearning system (i.e. combining model-based and model-free) can be vulnerable to highly rewarding, but suboptimal actions, that are followed by a complex ramification of stochastic adverse effects. This phenomenon is caused by the overload of the capabilities of an agent, as time and cognitive resources required for exploration, deliberation, situation recognition, and habit formation, all increase as a function of the depth and richness of detail of an environment. Furthermore, the cognitive overload can be aggravated due to alterations (e.g. caused by stress) in the bounded rationality, i.e. the limited amount of resources available for the model-based component, in turn increasing the agent’s chances to develop or maintain addictive behaviours. Our study demonstrates that, independent of drug consumption, addictive behaviours can arise in the interaction between the environmental complexity and the biologically finite resources available to explore and represent it.

The First-Perspective Alignment Effect: The Role of Environmental Complexity and Familiarity with Surroundings

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2236-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tlauka ◽  
Pelham Carter ◽  
Tim Mahlberg ◽  
Paul N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frames ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Alignment Effect ◽  
Spatial Reference Frames ◽  
Previous Account ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Effect Experiment

People often remember relatively novel environments from the first perspective encountered or the first direction of travel. This initial perspective can determine a preferred orientation that facilitates the efficiency of spatial judgements at multiple recalled locations. The present study examined this “first-perspective alignment effect” (FPA effect). In three experiments, university students explored three-path routes through computer-simulated spaces presented on a desktop computer screen. Spatial memory was then tested employing a “judgement of relative direction” task. Contrary to the predictions of a previous account, Experiment 1 found a reliable FPA effect in barren and complex environments. Experiment 2 strongly implicated the importance of complete novelty of the space surrounding the route in producing the effect. Experiment 3 found that, while familiarity with the surrounding space greatly attenuated the FPA effect with immediate testing, the effect reemerged following a 7-day delay to testing. The implications for the encoding and retrieval of spatial reference frames are discussed.

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