Time from COVID-19 Shutdown, Gender-Based Violence Exposure, and Mental Health Outcomes Among a State Representative Sample of California Residents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Raj ◽  
Nicole E. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based

scholarly journals The Latest Treatment Interventions Improving Mental Health Outcomes for Women, Following Gender-Based Violence in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily St. John ◽  
Rebecca Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Gender-based violence (GBV), specifically violence against women, is a worldwide pandemic. Prevalence is further escalated in low-and-middle-income countries and in humanitarian crises. Survivors are left with a combination of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These mental health disorders lead to further morbidity and mortality. Despite its high prevalence and co-morbidities, gender disparities and mental health stigma globally lead to few interventions developed for this population. The aim of this review is to highlight the mental health interventions developed in the past 5 years, for women following GBV in low-and-middle-income countries. It aims to discuss their efficacy and controversies when implemented into healthcare systems, understand the gaps that remain in the field and suggest future research developments. A thorough literature search revealed 16 new interventions available for improving mental health outcomes for women following GBV in low-and-middle-income countries. Following an in-depth evaluation of the papers, one intervention was successful in effectively implementing treatment into healthcare systems—“PM+.” However, it proved only to be effective in the short term. Further research must be done for improving long-term mental health outcomes. Results demonstrated poor follow-up for women engaging in group therapy. The review also highlights community workers were used in service delivery to reduce barriers accessing care. No interventions proved effective in humanitarian crises, despite GBV escalated in these settings. There are very few interventions available in comparison to the prevalence of this global health issue. Therefore, this review encourages further research and improvements in mental healthcare interventions following GBV.

scholarly journals Environmental noise and sleep and mental health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of urban US adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara E. Rudolph ◽  
Aaron Shev ◽  
Diana Paksarian ◽  
Kathleen R. Merikangas ◽  
Daniel J. Mennitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Study protocol for a longitudinal study evaluating the impact of rape on women’s health and their use of health services in South Africa

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeemah Abrahams ◽  
Soraya Seedat ◽  
Carl Lombard ◽  
Andre P Kengne ◽  
Bronwyn Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionSouth Africa is a country known for its high levels of HIV infection and sexual violence. Although the interface between gender-based violence, HIV and mental health has been described, there are substantial gaps in knowledge of the medium-term and long-term health impact. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease study excluded many health outcomes associated with rape and other forms of gender-based violence because systematic reviews revealed huge gaps in data and poor evidence of health effects. This study aims to describe the incidence and attributable burden of physical and mental health problems (including HIV acquisition) in adult women over a 2-year postrape period, through comparison with a cohort of women who have not been raped. The study will substantially advance our understanding of the impact of rape and will generate robust data to assist in the development of postrape health services and the delivery of evidence-based care.Methods and analysisThis longitudinal study seeks to recruit 1008 rape-exposed and 1008 rape non-exposed women. Women were recruited from health services, and assessments were carried out at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Outcome measures include exposure to risk factors; mental health status; cardio-metabolic risks; and biomarkers for HIV, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and stress. The primary analysis will be to compare HIV incidence in the two groups using log-rank tests. Appropriate models to predict health outcomes over time will also be applied.Ethics and disseminationThe South African Medical Research Council’s Ethics Committee approved the study. As rape is a key element of the study, the safety and protection of participants guides the research process. We will adopt a research uptake strategy to ensure dissemination to policy makers, service providers and advocacy groups. Peer-reviewed journal articles will be published.

scholarly journals Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Outcomes for Female Survivors in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5099
Author(s):  
Reine-Marcelle Ibala ◽  
Ilana Seff ◽  
Lindsay Stark
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes

While current literature evidences a strong association between gender-based violence exposure and adverse mental health outcomes, few studies have explored how attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) might impact this relationship. This analysis employed data from 13–24-year-old females as part of the Violence Against Children Surveys in Nigeria, Uganda, and Malawi. Mental health status, defined by the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress, and suicide ideation served as outcome measures. Predictors of interest included lifetime experiences of IPV and attitudinal acceptance of IPV. Country-stratified logistic and ordinary least squares regressions were used to predict outcomes and included interactions between violence exposure and attitudinal acceptance of IPV. Violence exposure was associated with increased symptoms of mental distress and increased suicide ideation in all countries. Among those who experienced IPV, exhibiting attitudinal acceptance of IPV was associated with improved mental health in Nigeria and Malawi. IPV tolerance conferred lower odds of suicide ideation following IPV exposure in Nigeria. The findings suggest that programs aiming to reduce attitudinal acceptance of IPV must consider how these changes may interact with women’s exposure to IPV.

Association between Exposure to Noise and Sleep and Mental Health Outcomes in a Nationally-Representative Sample of U.S. Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Casey ◽  
Aaron Shev ◽  
Diana Paksarian ◽  
Kathleen Merikangas ◽  
Daniel Mennitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Resilience in the Personality-Mental Health Relationship During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Pauly ◽  
Fabiana Ribeiro ◽  
Valerie E. Schröder ◽  
Laure Pauly ◽  
Rejko Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Moderate Stress

Background: Associations between personality traits and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, loneliness, and stress) have rarely been assessed in a population-representative sample of a high-income country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, as far as we know, the role of health and social behaviors as well as resilience in the personality-mental health relationship has yet to be explored.Methods: A representative sample of 1,828 residents of Luxembourg filled in validated scales to assess personality traits and resilience, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, loneliness, and stress, indicating mental health, in mid-April 2020.Results: Approximately 21% of the participants scored above the cut-off for moderate depression and moderate loneliness. Moderate anxiety and moderate stress were present in 6.2 and 0.3% of the participants, respectively. Higher-educated respondents and those living in higher-value housing reported better mental health. Agreeableness and conscientiousness were most consistently associated with better mental health; neuroticism was most consistently associated with worse mental health. Spending more time on social media was also associated with elevated levels of all four mental health outcomes. Social and health behaviors did not change the personality-mental health relationships. Resilience moderated some of the personality-mental health associations, most consistently in neuroticism.Conclusions: Findings suggest educational and socioeconomic inequalities in mental health in a nationally representative sample during the COVID-19 confinement measures. Personality traits, particularly agreeableness, conscientiousness, and low neuroticism were associated with mental health. The moderating role of resilience in the personality-mental health relationship suggests intervention potential to improve mental health during periods of confinement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document