Geheime Detentiecentra in Oost-Europa: de Aansprakelijkheid van Staten voor Medeplichtigheid bij Ernstige Mensenrechten-schendingen in de Strijd tegen Terrorisme (Secret Detention Sites in Eastern Europe: State Responsibility for Complicity in Serious Human Rights Violations in the War on Terror)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Trampert ◽  
Goran Sluiter
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Human Rights Violations

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DAN BERKEYAKINAN DI INDONESIA (Studi Kasus: Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Konflik Sampang, Madura)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rizky Adi Pinandito
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study is to explain in depth how the responsibility of the state c.q Government of Indonesia against violations of the principle of freedom of religion in the case of Sampang, Madura. The method of approach used in this research is normative juridical in discussing the issue of implementation of protection and guarantee to freedom of religionand belief which is regulated in constitution and Indonesian legislation system and how state responsibility to religious conflict happened in Sampang, Madura, Jawa East. The results of the research conducted in the case of Sampang are, the security forces do not act or do omission(omission) in the event of riots. In addition, the government’s attitude that provoked provocation was shown by the MUI who issued a decree stating that the Shia taught by Tajul Muluk is heretical. The State should (in this case the Police) take precautions. Therefore, the State c.q The Government of Indonesia is obliged to provide compensation, restitution and rehabilitation to victims of human rights violations as well as to give legal assertiveness to all perpetrators of riots including government officials who allow the riots of human rights violations

scholarly journals PEMULIHAN (REPARATIONS) KORBAN PELANGGARAN BERAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI ARGENTINA DAN CILE

Asy-Syari ah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Andrey Sujatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rome Statute ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Military

AbstractReparation is an integral part of state responsibility for the past of gross human rights violations committed in any country and it is also legal obligation under international law. Those violations have ever committed in Argentina (1976-1983) and Chile (1973-1990) during the military dictatorship regime. The applied method in this study is descriptive-analytic with historical approach to the reparation efforts for the victims of the past gross human rights violations in those countries. The author concludes that the characteristic of the gross human rights violations committed in Argentina and Chile can be categorized as crime against humanity based on the Rome Statute 1998. Reparations programs by fullfiling economic and social rights of the victims of gross human rights violations have been done by both countries as well.  Keywords: Reparation, Victim, Violation AbstrakPemulihan adalah bagian integral dari tanggung jawab negara atas pelanggaran berat HAM masa lalu yang terjadi di dalam suatu negara dan hal itu juga merupakan kewajiban hukum menurut hukum internasional. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran tersebut pernah terjadi di Argentina (1976-1983) dan Chile (1973-1990) selama rezim diktator militer berkuasa. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan historis terhadap upaya upaya-upaya pemulihan terhadap para korban pelanggaran berat HAM masa lalu di kedua negara tersebut. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik pelanggaran berat HAM yang terjadi di Argentina dan Cile dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan berdasarkan Statuta Roma 1998. Program-program pemulihan dengan memenuhi hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial dari para korban pelanggaran juga telah dilakukan oleh kedua negara itu. Kata Kunci: Pemulihan, Korban, Pelanggaran

scholarly journals The extraordinary renditions of Maher Arar and Abdullah Almalki : Orientalism, Islamophobia, and the erosion of citizenship and human rights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Geriant Lane
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Liberal Democracies

Extraordinary rendition has gained significant notoriety as an inhuman practice against suspected terrorists in the "war on terror". It is a highly controversial initiative whereby many critics contend that the purpose of such renditions is to subject the suspects to aggressive methods of persuasion such as torture and other human rights violations that are illegal in Western liberal democracies. The CIA implemented the extraordinary rendition program, but other Western states have participated in the rendering of Muslims to the CIA's global web of secret prisons. Canada was involved with the renditions of two Muslim-Canadians, Maher Arar and Abdullah Almalki. This paper will discuss their respective renditions and the ideological machinations that fuel the extraordinary rendition program using Edward Said's theory of Orientalism and its relationship with Islamophobia. A lexical discourse analysis will be integrated into the paper to evaluate negative Muslim identity construction in Canada post-9/11.

scholarly journals TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA DALAM PENYELESAIAN PELANGGARAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Sela Septika
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Law ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The existence of human rights infractions automatically raises the state's responsibility to resolve based on laws and regulations. The problem in this research is how the settings related to the completion of state responsibility for human rights infractions in the laws and regulations in Indonesia? and how efforts to resolve the human rights infractions committed by the state? The type of approach used is the conceptual approach and the statuteapproach. Article 28 paragraph (4) states that the protection, promotion, enforcement and fulfillment of human rights is the responsibility of the state. Article 28 paragraph (4) states that the protection, promotion, enforcement and fulfillment of human rights is the responsibility of the state, so that the molded Act No. 26 Year 2000 on Human Rights Court. Efforts to resolve the human rights violations can be observed through the provisions of Article 11 through Article 27 of the Law No. 26 Year 2000 on Human Rights Court. Adanya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia secara otomatis memunculkan tanggung jawab negara untuk melakukan upaya penyelesaian sesuai peraturan perundangan-undangan.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah pengaturan tanggung jawab negara terkait penyelesaian pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia?serta bagaimanakah upaya penyelesaian pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang dilakukan oleh negara? Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perudang-undangan.Pasal 28I ayat (4) menyebutkan perlindungan, pemajuan, penegakan, dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia merupakan tanggung jawab negara, sehingga dibentuk Undang-Undang No. 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia yang mengatur upaya penyelesaian pelanggaran hak asasi manusia melalui ketentuan Pasal 11 sampai dengan Pasal 27.

scholarly journals On Inter-State Litigation and Armed Conflict Cases in Strasbourg

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Philip Leach
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
Member States ◽  
Related Individual ◽  
European Court ◽  
Inter State

Abstract The reluctance of Council of Europe member states to challenge each other at the bar of Europe, through the litigation of inter-state cases at the European Court, used to be a regular feature of the Strasbourg system. However, conflicts of different kinds in eastern Europe have led to a surge of such cases in recent years, as well as the introduction of thousands of related individual applications. The serious challenges presented, in particular by conflict-related cases, have led some commentators to question whether they can feasibly remain part of the Strasbourg process. For others, the focus should rather be on how such cases can be more effectively processed and assessed. This article emphasises the significance of both inter-state cases in general, and of cases arising from armed conflict (including individual applications): their political and legal importance; their centrality to the European human rights system; and how vital they are for individual victims of human rights violations. It analyses a number of controversial or challenging aspects of the adjudication of these cases, and puts forward some proposals for reform.

scholarly journals MARITIME INTERCEPTION ON FOREIGN VESSELS CARRYING REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS: A VIOLATION OF UNCLOS AND NON-REFOULEMENT PRINCIPLE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-131
Author(s):  
Mizalfia Nursabrina
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
National Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

AbstractEach state has the right to protect their national security in every possible way, and illegal acts such as aliens entering their territory without permit is no exception. They implement regulations and policies to prevent people smuggling, including but not limited to maritime interception towards vessels under suspicion of carrying refugees and asylum seekers. Yet, in the implementation, human rights violations tend to happen towards the passengers. This study aims to analyze the legality of maritime interception on foreign vessels carrying refugee and asylum seekers, and whether the said conduct raised issues of state responsibility. This study was conducted by analyzing relevant international law instruments and principles such as non-refoulement and state responsibility. The analysis comes to the conclusion that states have certain jurisdiction to conduct interception operations at sea with the means of protecting their national security. Should the act of interception be proven to inflict threats of danger towards the lives of the intercepted refugees and asylum seekers, states should be held responsible for the damage bared to the refugees and asylum seekers. In conducting maritime interceptions, states should ensure the refugee identity of the intercepted vessel’s passengers and should seek that they are entitled to international protection. Keywords: Maritime Interception, Principle of Non-Refoulement, State Responsibility   AbstrakSetiap negara mempunyai hak untuk melindungi keamanan nasionalnya dengan berbagai macam cara, dan tindakan ilegal seperti warga negara asing memasuki wilayah suatu negara tanpa izin bukan merupakan pengecualian. Negara-negara telah menetapkan seperangkat peraturan dan kebijakan untuk mencegah penyelundupan manusia, termasuk namun tidak terbatas pada pencegatan kapal di wilayah laut yang dicurigai mengangkut para pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya tindakan pencegatan seringkali menimbulkan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia kepada para penumpang kapal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas pencegatan kapal yang mengangkut pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menganalisa hukum internasional yang berkaitan. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa negara mempunyai yurisdiksi tertentu untuk melaksanakan pencegatan di laut dengan tujuan untuk mempertahankan keamanan nasional. Selain itu, negara harus bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang dialami oleh para pengungsi dan pencari suaka selaku penumpang kapal yang dicegat apabila pencegatan tersebut menimbulkan ancaman bagi hidup mereka. Dalam melaksanakan pencegatan di wilayah laut, negara-negara harus memastikan identitas para penumpang kapal yang dicegat, dan memberikan perlindungan internasional bagi mereka yang berstatus sebagai pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Kata Kunci: Pencegatan Wilayah Laut, Prinsip Non-Refoulement, Tanggung Jawab Negara

scholarly journals Prohibition of Violations of Heavy Human Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This study aims to analyze the clause on protecting human rights Article 2 of the UDHR and the state responsibility for the types of genocide crimes of Article 6 of the Rome Statute as a response to the fanaticism of religion, culture, freedom, anarchy, radicalism, and underestimating pluralism, which tends to discriminate, witness and allowing people to kill, kill, and rape large numbers of nations. Type of normative legal research. The research approach used is a statutory approach and a case study approach. The results show that human rights violations by borrowing the concept of performative self-contradiction from the theory of criminology, legal protection, and state responsibility provide protection for citizens who assert their rights are severely limited by Article 2 of the UDHR's human rights protection clause and responsibility Article 25 states against the protection of human rights. Further understanding and unifying the various legal cases that Article 6 has produced so far: both target political human rights violations, attack liberal democracy in general; and the abuse of exclusive human rights, attacking the rights of others. Category of genocide or not, we need to pay attention to 2 (two) things, namely Actus Reus (action) and Mens Rea (evil intention) in action.

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