Prospective Association of Social Circumstance, Socioeconomic, Lifestyle and Mental Health Factors with Subsequent Hospitalisation Over 6-7 Year Follow Up in People Living with HIV

Objective: Cryptococcal meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. In the era of universal antiretroviral therapy incidence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) related cryptococcal meningitis has increased. Detection of serum cryptococcal antigen in asymptomatic PLHIV (People Living With HIV) and pre-emptive treatment with fluconazole can decrease the burden of cryptococcal disease. We conducted this study to find the prevalence of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia in India and its correlation with mortality in PLHIV. Method and material: This was a prospective observational study. HIV infected ART naïve patients with age of ≥ 18 years who had CD4 counts ≤ 100 /µL were included and serum cryptococcal antigen test was done. These patients were followed for six months to look for the development of Cryptococcal meningitis and mortality. Results: A total of 116 patients were analysed. Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia was detected in 5.17% patients and it correlated with increased risk of cryptococcal meningitis and mortality on follow-up in PLHIV. Conclusion: Serum cryptococcal positivity is correlated with increased risk of Cryptococcal meningitis and mortality in PLHIV. We recommend the screening of asymptomatic PLHIV with CD4 ≤ 100/µL for serum cryptococcal antigen, so that pre-emptive treatment can be initiated to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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Associations between problem gambling, socio-demographics, mental health factors and gambling type: sex differences among Finnish gamblers

International Gambling Studies ◽

10.1080/14459795.2013.840328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 39-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Johanna Nordmyr ◽

Anna K. Forsman ◽

Kristian Wahlbeck ◽

Kaj Björkqvist ◽

Karin Österman

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Problem Gambling ◽

Health Factors ◽

Mental Health Factors ◽

Gambling Type

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Drop-out of medical follow-up among people living with HIV in Tel-Aviv area

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540121.2021.1883516 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Daniel Chemtob ◽

Itzchak Levy ◽

Shai Kaufman ◽

Nechama Averick ◽

Agate Krauss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drop Out ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Tel Aviv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Gender, Mental Health, and Entry Into Care with Advanced HIV Among People Living with HIV in Cameroon Under a National ‘Treat All’ Policy

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-021-03328-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angela M. Parcesepe ◽

Lindsey M. Filiatreau ◽

Peter Vanes Ebasone ◽

Anastase Dzudie ◽

Rogers Ajeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Treat All ◽

Living With Hiv

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Sex Difference in the Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking among U.S. Adolescents: Findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–4

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1695

Author(s):

Zongshuan Duan ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Jidong Huang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Estimation Equations ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Prospective Association

E-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco products among U.S. adolescents. Emerging evidence suggests that adolescents using e-cigarettes are at elevated risk for initiating cigarette smoking. However, whether this risk may differ by sex remains unknown. This study analyzed data from Wave 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) were performed to estimate the associations between baseline e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, and other tobacco use. Effect modifications by sex were examined. Multivariate analyses showed that, among baseline never cigarette smokers, past-30-day e-cigarette use at baseline waves was significantly associated with past-30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up waves (aOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.51–6.08). This association was significantly stronger for boys (aOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 2.43–15.68) than for girls (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.14–8.33). Additionally, using other tobacco products, older age, and having severe externalizing mental health problems at baseline were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking at follow-up. The prospective association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking differs by sex among U.S. adolescents. Sex-specific tobacco control interventions may be warranted to curb the youth tobacco use epidemic.

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Gendered Experiences of Living with HIV in Australia

Sexes ◽

10.3390/sexes2030020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 244-255

Author(s):

Vicki Hutton

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Case Reports ◽

Economic Status ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Gender And Sexuality ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Globally, women represent more than half the people living with HIV. This proportion varies by country, with an over-representation of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in some regions. For example, in Australia, MSM account for over 60% of transmissions, with heterosexual sex accounting for almost a quarter of transmissions. Irrespective of geographic region, there is evidence that women can have a different lived experience of HIV due to their unequal social and economic status in society, while MSM can have a different lived experience depending on the laws and customs of their geographic location. Gender differences related to risk factors, stigma, access to services, mental health, health-related quality of life and economic consequences have been consistently reported globally. This paper explores the subjective lived experience of gender and sexuality disparities among three individuals living with HIV in Australia: a male who identified as gay, and a male and female who each identified as heterosexual. Analysis of themes from these three case reports indicated discernible differences by gender and sexuality in four areas: access to medical services, social support, stigma and mental health. It is argued that knowledge and understanding of potential gender and sexuality disparities must be factored into supportive interventions for people living with HIV in Australia.

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Cultural and linguistic adaptation of the multi-dimensional OXCAP-MH for outcome measurement of mental health among people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda: the Luganda version

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s41687-021-00306-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth R. Katumba ◽

Yoko V. Laurence ◽

Patrick Tenywa ◽

Joshua Ssebunnya ◽

Agata Laszewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Care Providers ◽

English Version ◽

Validation Process ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background It is rare to find HIV/AIDS care providers in sub-Saharan Africa routinely providing mental health services, yet 8–30% of the people living with HIV have depression. In an ongoing trial to assess integration of collaborative care of depression into routine HIV services in Uganda, we will assess quality of life using the standard EQ-5D-5L, and the capability-based OxCAP-MH which has never been adapted nor used in a low-income setting. We present the results of the translation and validation process for cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the OxCAP-MH tool for people living with HIV/AIDS and depression in Uganda. Methods The translation process used the Concept Elaboration document, the source English version of OxCAP-MH, and the Back-Translation Review template as provided during the user registration process of the OxCAP-MH, and adhered to the Translation and Linguistic Validation process of the OxCAP-MH, which was developed following the international principles of good practice for translation as per the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research’s standards. Results The final official Luganda version of the OxCAP-MH was obtained following a systematic iterative process, and is equivalent to the English version in content, but key concepts were translated to ensure cultural acceptability, feasibility and comprehension by Luganda-speaking people. Conclusion The newly developed Luganda version of the OxCAP-MH can be used both as an alternative or as an addition to health-related quality of life patient-reported outcome measures in research about people living with HIV with comorbid depression, as well as more broadly for mental health research.

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Uncovering social-contextual and individual mental health factors associated with violence via computational inference

Patterns ◽

10.1016/j.patter.2020.100176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 100176

Author(s):

Hernando Santamaría-García ◽

Sandra Baez ◽

Diego Mauricio Aponte-Canencio ◽

Guido Orlando Pasciarello ◽

Patricio Andrés Donnelly-Kehoe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Computational Inference ◽

Health Factors ◽

Mental Health Factors

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Predictors of virological failure among people living with HIV receiving first line antiretroviral treatment in Myanmar: retrospective cohort analysis

AIDS Research and Therapy ◽

10.1186/s12981-021-00336-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anita Mesic ◽

Alexander Spina ◽

Htay Thet Mar ◽

Phone Thit ◽

Tom Decroo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Virological Failure ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

First Line ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

History Of ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Progress toward the global target for 95% virological suppression among those on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is still suboptimal. We describe the viral load (VL) cascade, the incidence of virological failure and associated risk factors among people living with HIV receiving first-line ART in an HIV cohort in Myanmar treated by the Médecins Sans Frontières in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Sports Myanmar. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including adult patients with at least one HIV viral load test result and having received of at least 6 months’ standard first-line ART. The incidence rate of virological failure (HIV viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL) was calculated. Multivariable Cox’s regression was performed to identify risk factors for virological failure. Results We included 25,260 patients with a median age of 33.1 years (interquartile range, IQR 28.0–39.1) and a median observation time of 5.4 years (IQR 3.7–7.9). Virological failure was documented in 3,579 (14.2%) participants, resulting in an overall incidence rate for failure of 2.5 per 100 person-years of follow-up. Among those who had a follow-up viral load result, 1,258 (57.1%) had confirmed virological failure, of which 836 (66.5%) were switched to second-line treatment. An increased hazard for failure was associated with age ≤ 19 years (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.51; 95% confidence intervals, CI 1.20–1.89; p < 0.001), baseline tuberculosis (aHR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.49; p < 0.001), a history of low-level viremia (aHR 1.60; 95% CI 1.42–1.81; p < 0.001), or a history of loss-to-follow-up (aHR 1.24; 95% CI 1.41–1.52; p = 0.041) and being on the same regimen (aHR 1.37; 95% CI 1.07–1.76; p < 0.001). Cumulative appointment delay was not significantly associated with failure after controlling for covariates. Conclusions VL monitoring is an important tool to improve programme outcomes, however limited coverage of VL testing and acting on test results hampers its full potential. In our cohort children and adolescents, PLHIV with history of loss-to-follow-up or those with low-viremia are at the highest risk of virological failure and might require more frequent virological monitoring than is currently recommended.

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