Trade in Vertically Differentiated Goods under Duopoly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnimitra Chatterjee ◽  
Surajit Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Differentiated Goods

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON CHILD LABOR: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED SAARC AND ASEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rossazana Ab-Rahim ◽  
Bilal Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Impact

Past studies have tended to investigate the relationship between trade and child labor under the traditional trade theories, while assuming that the trade in homogenous goods and the results show inconclusive evidence of a relationship. Hence, it would be interesting to investigate the trade effects of differentiated goods on child labor in the setting of the new trade theory. This study attempts to investigate the trade-induced child labor effects (selection, scale and technique effects) in selected Asian countries over the period from 1999 to 2013. The countries consist of the major South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, namely: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka and selected ASEAN countries, namely: Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand, where child labor is most common. The results of this study confirm that the total impact of trade on child labor also needs to account for the selection effect, in addition to the scale and technique effects. The findings imply trade liberalization hampers the child labor market in the context of the trade in differentiated goods.

scholarly journals Bertrand Oligopoly And Factors Markets With Scarcity And Price Controls

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Randall E. Waldron ◽  
Michael A. Allgrunn
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Price Controls ◽  
Classroom Experiment ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
Rental Rate ◽  
The One ◽  
Input Markets ◽  
Bertrand Oligopoly ◽  
Stable Outcome

In an earlier article, we reported the results of a classroom experiment simulating price competition in an oligopoly with differentiated goods. That study raised some questions that we were unable to address at that time. For this current study, we have adapted the experiment to further explore the effects of scarcity in the input markets, and to study the effects of price controls in these markets. We find that scarcity in an input market has the expected directional effect on prices in both input and output markets, but not necessarily the magnitude expected; we further find that price controls have only some of the effects expected. In the current experiment, we increased the number of rounds of the game to allow more opportunity for convergence to a stable outcome, and to allow for three distinct phases of the game: initial rounds in which inputs were abundantly available, subsequent rounds in which one inputs supply was dramatically reduced, and final rounds in which a price floor was established on the one input which remained abundant. As expected, firms played Nash/Bertrand strategies in the early rounds. However, the shock caused by reducing the availability of capital took many rounds for full adjustment, with both output prices and the equilibrium rental rate of capital rising consistently and gradually toward their projected equilibria over ten rounds, although even then capital prices did not rise enough to absorb all firm profits. Surprisingly, establishing a minimum wage did not have the anticipated effect of balancing payments between labor and capital; instead, the minimum wage completely disrupted the trend of an increasing rental price of capital and reduced it to zero, while creating volatility in profits without consistently eliminating them. Overall, we find that most of our anticipated results ultimately obtain, but adjustments to variations in market conditions are neither immediate nor perfectly consistent with the predictions of theory.

Advertising in an oligopoly with differentiated goods under general demand and cost functions: A differential game approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-639
Author(s):  
Masahiko Hattori ◽  
Yasuhito Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Differential Game ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
General Demand

Using betweenness metrics to investigate the geographical distribution of retailers

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832097130
Author(s):  
Luigi Buzzacchi ◽  
Philippe Leveque ◽  
Roberta Taramino ◽  
Giulio Zotteri
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
Shopping Trips ◽  
The Impact

In retailing, a location’s accessibility and attractiveness depends on the spatial distribution of other stores and consumers. In particular, the literature shows that a place is more attractive for retailers if the generic routes taken by consumers often cross it. However, previous studies failed to consider that there are at least two possible consumer routes: job commutes from residential to workplaces and shopping trips among stores. In this paper, we analyze the impact of both consumer routes on the commercial patterns in Turin. The paper demonstrates that daily commutes to workplaces do not benefit a retailer along the trip, as much as journeys for shopping purposes do. In particular, we show that the benefits that a store can have when localized on the routes depend on the kind of goods it sells. Finally, the paper shows that stores selling homogeneous products and stores selling differentiated goods subject to comparison can differently benefit from being located in population hotspots and in commercial areas.

scholarly journals What Are the Implications of Globalization on Sustainability?—A Comprehensive Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Tang ◽  
Zhuolin Wang ◽  
Gengqi Yang ◽  
Wenwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
Environment Sustainability ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Sustainability Indices

It is becoming more and more certain that globalization is not just purely an economical phenomenon; it is exhibiting itself on a worldwide level. Amid globalization’s observable appearances, the most obvious are the larger international mobility of goods and services, flows of finance capital, data and information and most importantly people. On top of that, there are technological progresses and more international cultural interactions, which are facilitated by the enhancement of free trade of large quantities of more differentiated goods and also through immigration and tourism. The political changes and ecological concerns play an important part in this regard. In the current study, sustainability Indices are linked with the KOF Globalization Index to understand if more globalized countries are performing better in terms of sustainable development and its dimensions, especially environmental sustainability. Sustainability indices such as Human Development Index (HDI) and Environmental Performance Index (EPI) showed a stronger relation with different levels of globalization while others (Red List Index (RLI), Environment Sustainability Index (ESI)) did not. The results reveal that globalization has a positive implication on sustainability in the overall perspective.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of demand and product innovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Caliari ◽  
Marco Valente ◽  
Ricardo Machado Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Choice Procedures ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Role Of Information

Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between heterogeneity of demand regarding choice procedures and product innovation. We propose an evolutionary model showing how consumers with imperfect information chose and select differentiated goods. The model shows the role of information and choice procedures and its relation with the innovative process. The price plays an important role, but the quality of information, error tolerance and criteria for preference ordering are important determinants of the performance of firms in an industry with product innovation.

scholarly journals Uniform prices for differentiated goods: The case of the movie-theater industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barak Y. Orbach ◽  
Liran Einav
Keyword(s):  
Movie Theater ◽  
Differentiated Goods
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