scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON CHILD LABOR: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED SAARC AND ASEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rossazana Ab-Rahim ◽  
Bilal Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Differentiated Goods ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Impact

Past studies have tended to investigate the relationship between trade and child labor under the traditional trade theories, while assuming that the trade in homogenous goods and the results show inconclusive evidence of a relationship. Hence, it would be interesting to investigate the trade effects of differentiated goods on child labor in the setting of the new trade theory. This study attempts to investigate the trade-induced child labor effects (selection, scale and technique effects) in selected Asian countries over the period from 1999 to 2013. The countries consist of the major South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, namely: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka and selected ASEAN countries, namely: Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand, where child labor is most common. The results of this study confirm that the total impact of trade on child labor also needs to account for the selection effect, in addition to the scale and technique effects. The findings imply trade liberalization hampers the child labor market in the context of the trade in differentiated goods.

Trade Liberalization, Structural Change, and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 407-441
Author(s):  
Michael Landesmann ◽  
Neil Foster-McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
New Trade Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Trade and the integration of countries into the global economy is one of the main forces shaping the structural composition of economies, an effect which in turn is expected to impact upon productivity and growth. Structural change can be restrained or reinforced by international trade. This chapter reviews the theory on the relationship between trade and trade liberalization and both structural change and growth, from the contributions of Adam Smith to the more recent new new trade theory beginning with the work of Melitz. The chapter further discusses the existing empirical evidence on the relationship between trade and structural change, before concluding by presenting evidence on the impact of trade liberalization on productivity growth for a broad sample of countries, further decomposing the effect into an effect due to structural change and an effect due to within sector productivity developments.

scholarly journals Research on the Trade Effects of China’s Direct Investment in ASEAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p175
Author(s):  
Shuang-lin LUO ◽  
Min ZHOU ◽  
Yu-feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Investment In China ◽  
The Impact

Based on the data of China’s direct investment and trade in ASEAN countries from 2004 to 2018, this paper established a variable parameter model, variable intercept model and constant coefficient model with panel data, and investigated the heterogeneous impact of China’s direct investment in ASEAN countries on their import and export trade and the impact mechanism. It is found that China’s direct investment in ASEAN will be deposited in the trade between China and 10 ASEAN countries, creating effects for trade, and the size of the effect varies with the host country. On average, when other factors remain unchanged, every 1 percentage point increase in China’s direct investment flows to ASEAN countries will increase exports to ASEAN countries by 0.54%, imports will increase by 0.44%. Further studies have found that our country to Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand’s export create effect is greater than the imported create effect, on the whole, China’s investment in the five countries promoted the net exports, mainly on its investment in China, led to many mechanical equipment and other related products exports, and imports mainly import countries have their comparative advantages of products, variety is less.

scholarly journals The Impact of ICT on Service Sector’s Productivity and Employment in the Philippines

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-299
Author(s):  
Pauline Alaiza Mercado ◽  
Gia Ann Granadino ◽  
Elisha Mariz Pasco ◽  
Marie Antoinette Rosete
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Various studies have been conducted among different countries to determine the relationship of ICT on productivity and employment, but the results vary among industries and firms. This research aims to examine the impact of ICT on the service sector productivity and employment in the Philippines through quantitative research methods. Findings on the relationship between ICT and Productivity show that all the independent variables have a linear relationship on the dependent variable while the findings on the relationship of ICT and Employment, only Labor Force Participation Rate shows a nonlinear relationship to the dependent variable. The researchers ought to impart knowledge about the opportunities and threats brought by ICT, which may guide the policymakers who formulate policies regarding the advancements brought by ICT.

scholarly journals Effect of Macroeconomic Variables and Tax Rates on the Six ASEAN Countries Tax Ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Effria Wijayanti Wahyuningsih ◽  
Milla Sepliana Setyowaty
Keyword(s):  
Stable Process ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The tax sector supports a stable process of economic growth and the tax ratio is considered an indicator that can be used to assess the performance of the taxation sector. This study examines the impact of macroeconomic and tax rates on the magnitude of the tax ratio in the case of six ASEAN member countries during the period 1998 to 2018. Data processing was performed using panel data regression using the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method with the STATA program. This study has very interesting results because inflation has a significant influence on the level of a country's tax ratio. The relationship between inflation and taxes is said to be positive, so any increase or decrease in inflation will also cause an increase or decrease also in the taxation sector. In other words, inflation and taxes move in the same direction but with different magnitudes. Countries with a stable macroeconomic situation will create greater opportunities for investment and more jobs are created. This will further increase the purchasing power of consumers and assume the tax burden will be easy for the public

scholarly journals The Impact of ICT and FDI as Drivers to Economic Growth In ASEAN-8 Countries: A Panel Regression Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Noraina Mazuin Sapuan ◽  
Mohammad Rahmdzey Roly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Over the last few years, information and communication technology (ICT) has become a key catalyst for economic growth. The durability of this technology is demonstrated by the rapid proliferation of the Internet, mobile phones and cellular networks across the globe. However, among economic scholars, the question of exactly how the spread of ICT affects economic development and FDI, especially in ASEAN countries with differences in levels of income, remains unanswered. The aim of this study was essentially to explore the relationship between ICT dissemination, FDI and economic growth in ASEAN-8 countries. By using data from 2003 to 2017, the panel regression analysis was used to evaluate these relationships. The results showed that the dissemination of ICT and FDI are important and they have a positive effect on the ASEAN-8 countries’ economic development.

scholarly journals Pro dan Kontra Penerapan ASEAN Open Sky bagi Negara Anggota ASEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Dedi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Processing Technique ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
East Asia Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Processing Technique

Flight liberalization in South East Asia Region has long been initated and implemented since 2015 under the name of ASEAN Open Sky Policy. The implementation of this policy which is aimed to give a full access to the flight companies in ASEAN countries triggers a debate. There are pros and cons about it. Through this research, the writer intends to analyse cost and benefit of the implementation of that policy to the ASEAN countries. The focus of the analysis is on the impact of ASEAN Open Sky Policy to the countries in the region where the policy contributes to the ASEAN Economic Community. This research uses liberal institutional approach. The method is literature studi. Data processing technique uses single SWOT analytic concept. The result shows that the effect of ASEAN Open Sky is more beneficial to Singapore and Malaysia rather than to Indonesia and the Philippines.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Sinking Illegal Fishing Vessels Policy Towards the Bilateral Relations between Indonesia and Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
M. Adnan Madjid ◽  
Widodo Widodo ◽  
Eko G. Samudro
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study discusses the policy implementation by Indonesia regarding the sinking of illegal fishing vessels towards Indonesia's bilateral relations with Malaysia, especially those that occurred in Tarakan and Nunukan. Many losses from illegal fishing by neighboring countries made the President of Indonesia, through the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, took a firm stance regarding the rules of ship sinking to the accused ships that have been proven doing illegal fishing in the Indonesian sea. The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries together with relevant agencies helped implement the policy which had an impact on the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia. In this case, Malaysia is still in third place after Vietnam and the Philippines in the data on the number of vessels destroyed by the Indonesia. Malaysia is also the country with the fifth largest fish commodity production in Southeast Asia whereas fish consumption in Malaysia is ranked first in the region. Thus, the country faces obstacles in fulfilling the need for fish faced with Indonesian policies in addressing illegal fishing arrests by foreign countries. By qualitative methods, this research reveals the background of the existence and implementation of policies for the sinking of illegal fishing vessels and the impact of these policies on the Malaysian state. International system pressure, state power and other theories were used to help carry out this research. As a result, this study provides an overview of the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia after the enactment of the policy. First, the Malaysian increase their fish trade and sea safeguard with Indonesia, both in the designated sea area and the gray area. Second, the government of Malaysia adopted the sinking ships method due to its mechanism that is considered effective and efficient in creating detterence effect. Third, both countries agreed to release poor or small fishermen who carry out IUU Fishing made between the President of Indonesia and the Prime Minister of Malaysia.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND SMEs IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA: INNOVATION POLICY AND INNOVATION PRACTICE

2008 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 233-246
Author(s):  
STUART MACDONALD ◽  
TIM TURPIN
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Relationship

The paper is derived from a study carried out among the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), comprising of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Lao PDR , Myanmar and Cambodia [Macdonald, Turpin and Ancog (2006)]. The study focused on the relationship between the region's intellectual property rights (IPR) system and the innovation of its SMEs. IPR administrators and policymakers appear convinced that SMEs need IPR to be competitive. They are confirmed in this opinion by pressure to comply with the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS). Despite an extensive survey and many interviews in SMEs and relevant agencies in the ASEAN countries, the authors could find little evidence to support this belief. The business strategy of SMEs relies more on copying and deft, niche-focused marketing rather than on the prevailing IPR system.

scholarly journals Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayyaz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Umar Draz ◽  
Lijuan Su ◽  
Ilhan Ozturk ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nations Development

The aim of this paper is to reinvestigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on welfare or poverty reduction in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) economies. We used FDI net inflows per capita and the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index (HDI) as the principal variables ranging from 1990 to 2014. Our analyses confirm the positive and strongly significant relationship between FDI net inflows and poverty reduction in Asia. However, it indicates significant differences between South Asia and Southeast Asia. Generally, we find that FDI has a greater impact on welfare in SAARC countries than in ASEAN countries. Our results hold true for both HDI and real gross domestic product (GDP), and are shown to be robust using both panel and pool model specifications.

Halal certification compliance and its effects on companies’ innovative and market performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normia Akmad Salindal
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovative Performance ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of halal certification on innovative and market business performance of halal-certified food companies in the Philippines. Through this empirical study, halal-registered and about-to-register companies would have a wider perspective and a realistic view on what to expect from halal certification. The study also hopes to enrich halal certification literature and contribute further to the better understanding of the relationship between halal certification and the business performance. Design/methodology/approach This empirical study primarily uses a quantitative approach in analyzing the relationship between halal certification and the business performance in terms of innovative and market performance. The primary data are gathered through a survey involving 211 food companies (141 halal-certified and 70 non-halal-certified). The results are analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and independent sample t-test. Findings First, the analysis highlights that halal certification significantly affects innovative performance of halal-certified food companies. Second, the improvements in innovative performance lead to market performance improvements. Third, innovative performance fully mediates the relationship between halal certification and market performance. Finally, halal-certified food companies and non-halal-certified food companies have significant difference in terms of innovative performance and market performance. Research limitations/implications First, the population of this study consisted of only food companies in the Philippines listed in the Bureau of Product and Standard. Second, only the respective quality management representatives of the responding companies were the main respondent. Third, the samples used are from Philippines only. Therefore, the ability to generalize the reported results to all types of industry is restricted. To generalize the results of this study, additional research is desired to test the suggested model in various countries where Muslims are minority. Practical implications Understanding the impact of halal certification and its business value through empirical study should provide “about to be registered organizations” a wider perspective and a realistic view on what to expect after halal certification. It will provide factual evidences that may aid halal-certified companies in decision-making with respect to halal certification and whether it complicates or compliments their organizations’ business. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, no research has yet been conducted to investigate the impact of halal certification on business performance in the Philippines. This study, therefore, fills the gap in the research area. Through this empirical study, halal-registered and about-to-register organizations would have a wider perspective and a realistic view on what to expect from halal certification.

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