Evaluation of a Virus Concentration Method Based on Ultrafiltration and Wet Foam Elution for Studying Viruses from Large-Volume Water Samples

A new procedure for concentrating viruses from seawater using a negatively charged membrane eluting with alkaline solution (NaOH, pH 10.5) after acid rinse (H2SO4, pH 3.0) was applied to determine naturally occurring enteric viruses in seawater in Tokyo bay. The levels of total coliforms and fecal coliforms ranged from 40 to 68000 (cfu/100ml) and from 2 to 32000 (cfu/100ml), respectively. The F-specific phages were not detected from 5 ml of 53 samples out of 61 tested. The levels of indicator microbes were not found to be related to the tide in Tokyo bay. Enteroviruses were not detected by cell culture RTÐPCR, but detected by direct RTÐPCR from approximately 10% of the samples. Noroviruses were found positive from approx. 31% of the winter samples (n=29), whereas only 3% from the summer samples (n=32). These results of direct RTÐPCR were equivalent to determination of Norwalk viruses occuring in 50 ml of seawater. These results suggested that the levels of noroviruses in Tokyo bay were higher in winter than those of enteroviruses The virus concentration method used was proved to be useful for determination of naturally occurring viruses in seawater, especially when applied prior to PCR detection of nonculturable viruses.

Download Full-text

Development of Virus Concentration Method Using Negatively Charged Membrane by Alkaline Elution after Acid Rinse.

Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment ◽

10.2965/jswe.25.469 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 469-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hiroyuki KATAYAMA ◽

Akihiro SHIMASAKI ◽

Shinichiro OHGAKI

Keyword(s):

Virus Concentration ◽

Alkaline Elution ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Charged Membrane ◽

Virus Concentration Method

Download Full-text

Development of a virus concentration method using lanthanum-based chemical flocculation coupled with modified membrane filtration procedures

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.03.017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 190 (1-2) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yanyan Zhang ◽

Lela K. Riley ◽

Mengshi Lin ◽

Gregory A. Purdy ◽

Zhiqiang Hu

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filtration ◽

Virus Concentration ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Modified Membrane ◽

Virus Concentration Method

Download Full-text

Detection of Noroviruses in Tap Water in Japan by Means of a New Method for Concentrating Enteric Viruses in Large Volumes of Freshwater

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.4.2154-2160.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 2154-2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Eiji Haramoto ◽

Hiroyuki Katayama ◽

Shinichiro Ohgaki

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Tap Water ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Virus Concentration ◽

Ultrapure Water ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Aluminum Ions ◽

Genotype 2 ◽

Taqman Pcr

ABSTRACT A virus concentration method using a cation-coated filter was developed for large-volume freshwater applications. Poliovirus type 1 (LSc 2ab Sabin strain) inoculated into 40 ml of MilliQ (ultrapure) water was adsorbed effectively to a negatively charged filter (Millipore HA, 0.45-μm pore size) coated with aluminum ions, 99% (range, 81 to 114%) of which were recovered by elution with 1.0 mM NaOH (pH 10.8) following an acid rinse with 0.5 mM H2SO4 (pH 3.0). More than 80% poliovirus recovery yields were obtained from 500-ml, 1,000-ml, and 10-liter MilliQ water samples and from tap water samples. This method, followed by TaqMan PCR detection, was applied to determine the presence of noroviruses in tap water in Tokyo, Japan. In a 14-month survey, 4 (4.1%) and 7 (7.1%) of 98 tap water samples (100 to 532 liters) contained a detectable amount of noroviruses of genotype 1 and genotype 2, respectively. This method was proved to be useful for surveying the occurrence of enteric viruses, including noroviruses, in large volumes of freshwater.

Download Full-text

Chlorinated Organics in Nearshore Waters and Tributaries of the St. Clair River

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1986.030 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 344-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Barry G. Oliver ◽

Klaus L.E. Kaiser

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Large Volume ◽

Water Samples ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Low Level ◽

Chemical Company ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

The Individual

Abstract The concent rat ions of hexachloroethane (HCE), hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachlorobenzene (QCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) in large volume water samples show that the major sources of these chemicals to the St. Clair River are Dow Chemical Company effluents and, to a lesser degree, Sarnia’s Township ditch which drains one of Dow’s waste disposal sites. Tributaries entering the river on both sides of the Canada/United States border contain measurable concentrations of these chemicals indicating low level contamination throughout the area. The degree of water/suspended sediment partitioning of the chemicals (Kp) was studied. Kp values for the individual chemicals changed in a manner consistent with changes in their physical-chemical properties.

Download Full-text