Heterotopic Ossification vs. Fracture Healing: Extracellular Vesicle Cargo Proteins Shed New Light on Bone Formation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Hrkač ◽  
Rudjer Novak ◽  
Grgur Salai ◽  
Simeon Grazio ◽  
Tomislav Vlahovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Cargo Proteins

scholarly journals Osteoblast‐Specific Loss of IGF1R Signaling Results in Impaired Endochondral Bone Formation During Fracture Healing

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yongmei Wang ◽  
Alicia Menendez ◽  
Chak Fong ◽  
Muriel Babey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Igf1r Signaling

Extracellular vesicle interplay in cardiovascular pathophysiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherin Saheera ◽  
Vivek P Jani ◽  
Kenneth W Witwer ◽  
Shelby Kutty
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Cargo Proteins ◽  
And Function ◽  
Intercellular Communications ◽  
Rna And Dna

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles released from cells that mediate intercellular communications and play a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes. Subtypes of EVs may include plasma-membrane ectosomes or microvesicles and endosomal-origin exosomes, although functional distinctions remain unclear. EVs carry cargo proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), lipids, and metabolites. By presenting or transferring this cargo to recipient cells, EVs can trigger cellular responses. Here, we summarize what is known about EV biogenesis, composition, and function, with an emphasis on the role of EVs in cardiovascular system. Additionally, we provide an update on the function of EVs in cardiovascular pathophysiology, further highlighting their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Erratum: “BMPR1A Antagonist Differentially Affects Cartilage and Bone Formation During Fracture Healing” [J Orthop Res. Vol 34, 2096-2105 (2016)]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise F. Morgan ◽  
Jason Pittman ◽  
Anthony DeGiacomo ◽  
Daniel Cusher ◽  
Chantal M. J. de Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fracture Healing

Effects of blockade of endogenous Gisignaling in Tie2-expressing cells on bone formation in a mouse model of heterotopic ossification

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1212-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Wang ◽  
Dylan O' Carroll ◽  
Xuhui Liu ◽  
Theresa Roth ◽  
Hubert Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification

Heterotopic ossification induced by Achilles tenotomy via endochondral bone formation: Expression of bone and cartilage related genes

Bone ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Qi Shen ◽  
Tao Xue ◽  
Changlong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Achilles Tenotomy ◽  
And Cartilage

scholarly journals The transcriptome of fracture healing defines mechanisms of coordination of skeletal and vascular development during endochondral bone formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2597-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Grimes ◽  
Karl J Jepsen ◽  
Jennifer L Fitch ◽  
Thomas A Einhorn ◽  
Louis C Gerstenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone

scholarly journals Intracellular vesicle clusters are organelles that synthesize extracellular vesicle–associated cargo proteins in yeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (9) ◽  
pp. 2650-2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea M. Winters ◽  
Ly Q. Hong-Brown ◽  
Hui-Ling Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Intracellular Vesicle ◽  
Cargo Proteins ◽  
Associated Proteins

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-cell communication. In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), EVs function as carriers to transport cargo proteins into the periplasm for storage during glucose starvation. However, intracellular organelles that synthesize these EV-associated cargo proteins have not been identified. Here, we investigated whether cytoplasmic organelles—called intracellular vesicle clusters (IVCs)—serve as sites for the synthesis of proteins targeted for secretion as EV-associated proteins. Using proteomics, we identified 377 IVC-associated proteins in yeast cells grown under steady-state low-glucose conditions, with the largest group being involved in protein translation. Isolated IVCs exhibited protein synthesis activities that required initiation and elongation factors. We have also identified 431 newly synthesized proteins on isolated IVCs. Expression of 103Q-GFP, a foreign protein with a long polyglutamine extension, resulted in distribution of this protein as large puncta that co-localized with IVC markers, including fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and the vacuole import and degradation protein Vid24p. We did not observe this pattern in cycloheximide-treated cells or in cells lacking VID genes, required for IVC formation. The induction of 103Q-GFP on IVCs adversely affected total protein synthesis in intact cells and on isolated IVCs. This expression also decreased levels of EV-associated cargo proteins in the extracellular fraction without affecting the number of secreted EVs. Our results provide important insights into the functions of IVCs as sites for the synthesis of EV-associated proteins targeted for secretion to the periplasm.

scholarly journals Synostosis Between Pubic Bones due to Neurogenic, Heterotopic Ossification

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2486-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Vaidyanathan ◽  
Peter L. Hughes ◽  
Bakul M. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Symphysis Pubis ◽  
Heterotopic Bone ◽  
Heterotopic Bone Formation ◽  
Suprapubic Catheter ◽  
Suprapubic Cystostomy ◽  
Urine Leak ◽  
Irregular Margin

Neurogenic, heterotopic ossification is characterised by the formation of new, extraosseous (ectopic) bone in soft tissue in patients with neurological disorders. A 33-year-old female, who was born with spina bifida, paraplegia, and diastasis of symphysis pubis, had indwelling urethral catheter drainage and was using oxybutynin bladder instillations. She was prescribed diuretic for swelling of feet, which aggravated bypassing of catheter. Hence, suprapubic cystostomy was performed. Despite anticholinergic therapy, there was chronic urine leak around the suprapubic catheter and per urethra. Therefore, the urethra was mobilised and closed. After closure of the urethra, there was no urine leak from the urethra, but urine leak persisted around the suprapubic catheter. Cystogram confirmed the presence of a Foley balloon inside the bladder; there was no urinary fistula. The Foley balloon ruptured frequently, leading to extrusion of the Foley catheter. X-ray of abdomen showed heterotopic bone formation bridging the gap across diastasis of symphysis pubis. CT of pelvis revealed heterotopic bone lying in close proximity to the balloon of the Foley catheter; the sharp edge of heterotopic bone probably acted like a saw and led to frequent rupture of the balloon of the Foley catheter. Unique features of this case are: (1) temporal relationship of heterotopic bone formation to suprapubic cystostomy and chronic urine leak; (2) occurrence of heterotopic ossification in pubic region; (3) complications of heterotopic bone formation viz. frequent rupture of the balloon of the Foley catheter by the irregular margin of heterotopic bone and difficulty in insertion of suprapubic catheter because the heterotopic bone encroached on the suprapubic track; (4) synostosis between pubic bones as a result of heterotopic ossification..Common aetiological factors for neurogenic, heterotopic ossification, such as forceful manipulation, trauma, or spasticity, were absent in this patient. Since heterotopic bone formation was observed in the pubic region after suprapubic cystostomy and chronic urine leak, it is possible that risk factors related to the urinary tract might have played a role in heterotopic bone formation, which resulted in synostosis between pubic bones.

scholarly journals Anabolic Therapies in Osteoporosis and Bone Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Russow ◽  
Denise Jahn ◽  
Jessika Appelt ◽  
Sven Märdian ◽  
Serafeim Tsitsilonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Delayed Fracture ◽  
Stimulate Bone Formation ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Delayed Fracture Healing ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Osteoporosis represents the most common bone disease worldwide and results in a significantly increased fracture risk. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors implicated in the development of osteoporosis are also associated with delayed fracture healing and impaired bone regeneration. Based on a steadily increasing life expectancy in modern societies, the global implications of osteoporosis and impaired bone healing are substantial. Research in the last decades has revealed several molecular pathways that stimulate bone formation and could be targeted to treat both osteoporosis and impaired fracture healing. The identification and development of therapeutic approaches modulating bone formation, rather than bone resorption, fulfils an essential clinical need, as treatment options for reversing bone loss and promoting bone regeneration are limited. This review focuses on currently available and future approaches that may have the potential to achieve these aims.

scholarly journals Inhibition of GSK-3β Rescues the Impairments in Bone Formation and Mechanical Properties Associated with Fracture Healing in Osteoblast Selective Connexin 43 Deficient Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e81399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alayna E. Loiselle ◽  
Shane A. J. Lloyd ◽  
Emmanuel M. Paul ◽  
Gregory S. Lewis ◽  
Henry J. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Deficient Mice
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