The Role of Domestic Debt Markets in Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Low-Income Countries and Emerging Markets

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. This article draws on historical data to chart the links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200 years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global economic inequality.

Download Full-text

Resource Allocation to Upgrade the Economic Structure: Experience from South Korea's Industrial Policy

VNU Journal of Science Economics and Business ◽

10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Resource Allocation ◽

International Development ◽

Industrial Policy ◽

Low Income ◽

Economic Structure ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Infant Industry

“Climb up” the global division of labour ladder or upgrading the economic structure is a very hard job, requiring a smart industrial policy with the capability of choosing key sectors suitably and having appropriate and effective policy to allocate resources to these sectors. When climbing up, some countries may skip several levels with the support of appropriate industrial policy, but they can slip if they try to jump too many steps at once with the rush of industrialization. Based on an analysis of the academic perspectives related to industrial policy and evidences from the sector selection process as well as the mechanism for allocating resources for the development of key South Korean industries, the paper will draw some important lessons for developing countries, including Vietnam, in order to bridge the gap with leading nations. Keywords Resource allocation, industrial policy, South Korea References [1] Lin, J.Y., 2012. New structural economics: A framework for rethinking development and policy. The World Bank.[2] Kuznets, S, Murphy, J. T. 1966. Modern economic growth: Rate, structure, and spread, Yale University Press New Haven.[3] Mah, J. S. 2007. Industrial policy and economic development: Korea’s experience. Journal of Economic issues, 41, 77-92.[4] Njue, N. 2010. The Role of the Government in Resource Allocation: Korea vs. Kenya. Master, KDI School of Public Policy and Management.[5] Stiglitz, J. E., Lin, J. Y., Monga, C. 2013. Introduction: the rejuvenation of industrial policy. The Industrial Policy Revolution I. Springer.[6] Lin, J. Y., Monga, C. 2014. The evolving paradigms of structural change. International Development: Ideas, Experience, and Prospects.[7] Winters, L. A., Lim, W., Hanmer, L., Augustin, S. 2010. Economic growth in low income countries: How the G20 can help to raise and sustain it. University of Sussex, Brighton.[8] Ohno, K. 2009. Avoiding the middle-income trap: renovating industrial policy formulation in Vietnam. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 26, 25-43.[9] Lin, Y. J. 2013. The industrial policy revolution I: The role of government beyond ideology, Springer.[10] Baldwin, R. E. 1969. The case against infant-industry tariff protection. Journal of political economy, 77, 295-305.[11] Saure, P. 2007. Revisiting the infant industry argument. Journal of Development Economics, 84, 104-117.[12] Westphal, L. E. 1990. Industrial policy in an export propelled economy: lessons from South Korea's experience. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4, 41-59.[13] IMF DataMapper, 2018. GDP per capita, current prices, [Online], Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/KOR; Accessed 21/11/2018. [14] AHN, S. 2013. Evolution of Industrial Policy and Green Growth in Korea. World Trade Organization. March, 12.[15] Cooper, R. 1970. Fiscal policy in Korea. Macroeconomic policy and adjustment in Korea, 1990, 111-144.

Download Full-text

Sovereign Debt Restructurings: An Overview of the Empirical Literature

The Journal of Investing ◽

10.3905/joi.2018.27.3.056 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Emerging Markets ◽

Case Studies ◽

Low Income ◽

Sovereign Debt ◽

External Debt ◽

Leading Edge ◽

Sovereign Default ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Domestic Debt

Emerging markets (EMs) and low-income countries (LIC) have experienced sovereign debt restructurings over decades. Moreover, sovereign default and restructurings are not only prominent in EMs and LICs, but also in advanced markets (AMs). With this background, we provide a survey of recent growing empirical literature on sovereign debt restructurings. We review four major streams of literature: (i) country case studies, (ii) private external debt restructurings, (iii) official external debt restructurings, and (iv) domestic debt restructurings. These streams of literature are completely complementary, and together cover the leading-edge issues in the area of sovereign debt.

Download Full-text

Presence through absence? Understanding the role of capital in the African Human Rights Action Plan

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x20000555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 579-600

Author(s):

Obiora Chinedu Okafor ◽

Sanaa Ahmed ◽

Sylvia Bawa ◽

Ibironke Odumosu-Ayanu

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Low Income ◽

Action Plan ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Significant Extent ◽

Global Capital ◽

Market Practices

AbstractThis study examines the African Human Rights Action Plan (AHRAP) through the lens of Upendra Baxi's germinal theory on the emergence in our time of a ‘trade-related, market-friendly human rights’ (TREMF) thesis that is challenging the specific understandings of ‘people-centric’ human rights that are predicated in the letter and spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDH). Baxi contends, instead, that the dominant strands of the contemporary understandings of human rights are – for the most part – designed to protect the interests of global capital. That said, human rights frameworks in low-income countries need to be studied with a view to what they say and don't say about global capital. Despite its attempt to facilitate a progressive realisation of human rights in Africa, the AHRAP does not rise far enough above the TREMF paradigm to re-locate itself within the UDH one. This is due to the AHRAP not adequately theorising and analysing the role of capital in the (non)realisation of human rights in Africa. By allowing trade and market practices to slip to a significant extent beyond its purview, the AHRAP privileges – to a significant degree – the needs/interests of capital over the human rights of ordinary Africans. That is, the victims of the excesses of capital in Africa are reincarnated in the AHRAP document by the fact of their exclusion from it.

Download Full-text

The evolving role of CSR in international development: Evidence from Canadian extractive companies’ involvement in community health initiatives in low-income countries

The Extractive Industries and Society ◽

10.1016/j.exis.2017.05.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 614-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sarah Lamb ◽

Jonathan Jennings ◽

Philippe Calain

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

International Development ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Health Initiatives

Download Full-text

Next generation sequencing of RB1gene for the molecular diagnosis of ethnic minority with retinoblastoma in Yunnan

10.21203/rs.2.24190/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huaiyu Gu ◽

Zhen Zhang ◽

Yi-shuang Xiao ◽

Ru Shen ◽

Hong-chao Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Testing ◽

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Low Income ◽

Eastern China ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Next Generation ◽

Single Nucleotide Variants ◽

Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare intraocular malignancy and typically initiated by inactivating biallelic mutations of RB1 gene. Each year, ~8,000 children worldwide are diagnosed for retinoblastoma. In high-income countries, patient survival is over 95% while low-income countries is ~30%.If disease is diagnosed early and treated in centers specializing in retinoblastoma, the survival might exceed 95% and many eyes could be safely treated and support a lifetime of good vision. In China, approximate 1,100 newly diagnosed cases are expected annually and 28 hospitals covering 25 provinces established centers classified by expertise and resources for better treatment options and follow-up. Comparing with other province of eastern China, Yunnan province is remote geographically. This might result that healthcare staff have low awareness of the role of genetic testing in management and screening in families.Methods: The patients with retinoblastoma were selected in Yunnan. DNA from blood was used for targeted gene sequencing. Then, an in-house bioinformatics pipeline was done to detect both single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions. The pathogenic mutations were identified and further confirmed by conventional methods and cosegregation in families.Results: Using our approach, targeted next generation sequencing was used to detect the mutation of these 12 probands. Bioinformatic predictions showed that nine mutations were found in our study and four were novel pathogenic variants in these nine mutations.Conclusions: It’s the first report to describe RB1 mutations in Yunnan children with retinoblastoma. This study would improve role of genetic testing for management and family screening.

Download Full-text