scholarly journals The Role of Population in Economic Growth

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401773609 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wesley F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Capita Output

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. This article draws on historical data to chart the links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200 years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global economic inequality.

ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: LESSONS FROM CURRENT RESEARCH AND NEEDS FROM FUTURE RESEARCH

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250005 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARUN S. MALIK ◽  
STEPHEN C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Autonomous Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Decision ◽  
Planned Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship

We put in perspective the papers in this special issue by characterizing different forms of adaptation to climate change and discussing the role of adaptation in a developing country context. We highlight adaptation decision-making under uncertainty, empirics of autonomous adaptation, and data and methodological challenges. We identify unresolved questions, emphasizing interactions between autonomous and planned adaptation, adaptation externalities, and the relationship between adaptation and conflict.

scholarly journals Filling the Gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (150) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Bazarbash ◽  
Kimberly Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Financial Depth ◽  
Consumer Segment ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Credit Gap ◽  
The Relationship

Can fintech credit fill the credit gap in the consumer and business segments? There are few cross-country studies that explore this question. Focusing on marketplace lending, an important part of fintech credit, we use data for 109 countries from 2015 to 2017 to study the relationship between fintech credit to businesses and consumers and various aspects of financial development. Marketplace lending to consumers grows in countries where financial depth declines highlighting the role of fintech credit in filling the credit gap by traditional lenders. This result is particularly strong in low-income countries. In the business segment, marketplace lending expands where financial efficiency declines. Our findings show that low-income countries take advantage of the fintech credit opportunity in the consumer segment but face important challenges in the business segment.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption, Environmental Degradation and Growth: A Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sayed Kushairi Sayed Nordin ◽  
Siok Kun Sek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

Energy is essential as an input to develop economic, although it could bring negative effect on environmental quality. The relationship between energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth have been widely studied, but there is no consistency in the relationship. The objectives of this study are to determine the short-run relationship (one-way or bidirectional) and to reveal the long-run relationship for each pair of variables. The second-generation panel unit root and cointegration test were used in the analysis. Breusch-Pagan LM test suggests that there is a cross-sectional dependency for all the models and integrated of order one, I (1). Cointegration test indicates that economic growth has long-relationship with carbon dioxide and energy consumption in high-income countries. In low-income countries, carbon dioxide has a long-run relationship with energy consumption and economic growth. In the short run, we have evidence of a bidirectional relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in high-income countries but a one-way relationship in low-income countries. Overall, it can be concluded that the three variables are related. This study develops a deeper awareness and understanding of the relationship between the variables in distinct levels of economies. Keywords: energy consumption; CO2, economic growth

Resource Allocation to Upgrade the Economic Structure: Experience from South Korea's Industrial Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
International Development ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Infant Industry

“Climb up” the global division of labour ladder or upgrading the economic structure is a very hard job, requiring a smart industrial policy with the capability of choosing key sectors suitably and having appropriate and effective policy to allocate resources to these sectors. When climbing up, some countries may skip several levels with the support of appropriate industrial policy, but they can slip if they try to jump too many steps at once with the rush of industrialization. Based on an analysis of the academic perspectives related to industrial policy and evidences from the sector selection process as well as the mechanism for allocating resources for the development of key South Korean industries, the paper will draw some important lessons for developing countries, including Vietnam, in order to bridge the gap with leading nations. Keywords Resource allocation, industrial policy, South Korea References [1] Lin, J.Y., 2012. New structural economics: A framework for rethinking development and policy. The World Bank.[2] Kuznets, S, Murphy, J. T. 1966. Modern economic growth: Rate, structure, and spread, Yale University Press New Haven.[3] Mah, J. S. 2007. Industrial policy and economic development: Korea’s experience. Journal of Economic issues, 41, 77-92.[4] Njue, N. 2010. The Role of the Government in Resource Allocation: Korea vs. Kenya. Master, KDI School of Public Policy and Management.[5] Stiglitz, J. E., Lin, J. Y., Monga, C. 2013. Introduction: the rejuvenation of industrial policy. The Industrial Policy Revolution I. Springer.[6] Lin, J. Y., Monga, C. 2014. The evolving paradigms of structural change. International Development: Ideas, Experience, and Prospects.[7] Winters, L. A., Lim, W., Hanmer, L., Augustin, S. 2010. Economic growth in low income countries: How the G20 can help to raise and sustain it. University of Sussex, Brighton.[8] Ohno, K. 2009. Avoiding the middle-income trap: renovating industrial policy formulation in Vietnam. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 26, 25-43.[9] Lin, Y. J. 2013. The industrial policy revolution I: The role of government beyond ideology, Springer.[10] Baldwin, R. E. 1969. The case against infant-industry tariff protection. Journal of political economy, 77, 295-305.[11] Saure, P. 2007. Revisiting the infant industry argument. Journal of Development Economics, 84, 104-117.[12] Westphal, L. E. 1990. Industrial policy in an export propelled economy: lessons from South Korea's experience. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4, 41-59.[13] IMF DataMapper, 2018. GDP per capita, current prices, [Online], Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/KOR; Accessed 21/11/2018. [14] AHN, S. 2013. Evolution of Industrial Policy and Green Growth in Korea. World Trade Organization. March, 12.[15] Cooper, R. 1970. Fiscal policy in Korea. Macroeconomic policy and adjustment in Korea, 1990, 111-144.

scholarly journals Horses as a Crucial Part of One Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Sophie Lönker ◽  
Kim Fechner ◽  
Ahmed Abd El Wahed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

One Health (OH) is a crucial concept, where the interference between humans, animals and the environment matters. This review article focusses on the role of horses in maintaining the health of humans and the environment. Horses’ impact on environmental health includes their influence on soil and the biodiversity of animal and plant species. Nevertheless, the effect of horses is not usually linear and several factors like plant–animal coevolutionary history, climate and animal density play significant roles. The long history of the relationship between horses and humans is shaped by the service of horses in wars or even in mines. Moreover, horses were essential in developing the first antidote to cure diphtheria. Nowadays, horses do have an influential role in animal assisted therapy, in supporting livelihoods in low income countries and as a leisure partner. Horses are of relevance in the spillover of zoonotic and emerging diseases from wildlife to human (e.g., Hendra Virus), and in non-communicable diseases (e.g., post-traumatic osteoarthritis in horses and back pain in horse riders). Furthermore, many risk factors—such as climate change and antimicrobial resistance—threaten the health of both horses and humans. Finally, the horse is a valuable factor in sustaining the health of humans and the environment, and must be incorporated in any roadmap to achieve OH.

Analyzing Trade Growth Effects of Deviations from Long-run Economic Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 20170060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cephas B. Naanwaab ◽  
Jeffrey A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
First Century ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Trade Growth ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores the relationship between trade growth and long-run trends in real GDP growth from a purely empirical perspective. Its novelty lies in the way that it models trade growth: as a function of cyclical trends in real GDP growth. The main finding is that trade growth responds asymmetrically to deviations from long-run GDP growth. Generally, trade growth is positive and statistically significant when GDP growth is above the long-run trend. On the other hand, trade growth ceases but does not become negative when GDP growth falls below its long-run trend. While this behavior holds true broadly, individual countries’ trade growth may respond differently when GDP growth is above or below trend. Comparatively, low-income countries’ trade growth takes the greatest hit when economic growth slows, while lower-middle and high-income countries are least affected. These findings have potential implications for trade policy-making in the twenty-first Century especially given the current atmosphere of anti-globalization and slow trade growth.

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