Development of Theoretical Foundations; A Set of Methods and Algorithms for Substantiating Decision-Making by a Management Organization in an Infrastructure-Complex Territory in the Interest of Reducing the Risk of the Possibility of Cascading Accidents Escalating into Intersystem Accidents

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Management Organization ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Working Women’s Decision-Making Power at Home: Evidence from Four North Indian Urban Clusters

Urbanisation ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 245574712110258
Author(s):  
Megan Maxwell ◽  
Milan Vaishnav
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Shed Light

Do working women enjoy greater levels of human agency? While the theoretical foundations underlying this connection are clear, the empirical evidence is quite mixed. We leverage detailed, new data on intra-household decision-making and labour market behaviour from four north Indian urban clusters to shed light on this question. We find that women who work exercise greater say in important decisions around the home. However, this ‘work advantage’ exhibits significant heterogeneity across decision types, decision-making domains, and definitions of work.

scholarly journals Theoretical foundations of human decision-making in agent-based land use models – A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Groeneveld ◽  
B. Müller ◽  
C.M. Buchmann ◽  
G. Dressler ◽  
C. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Land Use Models ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Necessity as a Defence to Murder: An Anglo-Canadian Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birju Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article explores the formulation of the criminal defence of necessity in the context of murder cases. The discussion will provide a medium through which to critique necessity's theoretical foundations which are classified either as one of justification or excuse. It is this highly problematic distinction which will be exposed as not only having been overlooked in case law but is futile where necessity is considered as providing a murder defence. Such a theoretical dichotomy does not reflect the competing rights and values present in the case law, and nor does it align with the decision-making process taken by judges in cases where they resolve such moral conflicts. What is present is a contextual form of necessity that frames and recognises the circumstances the actors are placed in. The analysis argues for a recategorisation of necessity into a narrow fact-driven category beyond the abstract duality of justification or excuse. To support the view of a situation-led approach, necessity is exposed as omitting a critical doctrinal element; that of the imminence of harm within a broader recognition that the situation presents an emergency. Adopting a comparative perspective, the article analyses why the emphasis placed on the imminence of harm found in Canadian jurisprudence ought to be reflected in English law. The rationale for this is to fully reflect the agony of the circumstances that underpin the scope of necessity in murder situations and to ensure that actors in such tragic situations have their rights secured as far as possible, before allowing the defence to apply. One of the final implications of the article is a reconsideration of the relationship between necessity and duress of circumstances arguing that a reappraisal of their convergence is required. The article's argument leaves the juridical precept that duress is not available as a defence to murder on an insecure foundation and in need of judicial re-evaluation.

Theoretical foundations for interventions designed to promote informed decision making for cancer screening

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Bowen ◽  
Jennifer D. Allen ◽  
Thuy Vu ◽  
Robin E. Johnson ◽  
Kelly Fryer-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

scholarly journals THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES

10.23856/4618 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Olha Buhai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations of using information and communication technologies (hereinafter – ICT) in public administration decision-making processes using the framework of categories and concepts proposed by New Public Management, Joined-up government, Public Value Рaradigm, Actor Network Theory and Socio-Technical Systems. The research task is to comprehensively consider the methods, approaches and foundations of using ICT in public administration through these theories. General scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction) as well as the comparative-historical method have been used. Such an approach allows to generalize and comprehend the role and impact of ICT in public administration within the framework of different theories and to offer an empirical application of the developed concepts. Correlation of the considered concepts' theoretical principles with the criteria for public services delivery, the role of citizens, approaches to measuring the performance of public servants makes it possible to conclude the information about the attitudes and requirements for innovations in public administration from the perspective of each of the theories. It can contribute to further study of the ICT's impact on the public administration decision-making processes, predicting the transformational impact of e-governance and theoretical advances empirical application by both public servants and those who hold political positions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economics on Competition Law in New Zealand Some Reflections on the First Decade

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mark N Berry
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The economic focus of the Commerce Act 1986 is unique in New Zealand, both in terms of its theoretical foundations and its institutional framework. The author reflects on these features of the Act and the impact that economics has had on the decision-making process. This article reviews the New Zealand landscape in terms of the goals of the Commerce Act, its institutional framework, and the manner in which the strict rules of evidence may be relaxed. It then considers, by using Justice Breyer's framework (in S J Breyer "Economics and Judging: An Afterword on Cooter and Wald" (1987) 50 Law and Contemp Probs 245), how economics has impacted upon the content of rules of law and the proof of specific economic facts. The author concludes with a brief assessment of likely and desirable future trends in New Zealand law, arguing that it was likely that economics would continue to have a major impact on the Commerce Act; aside from in the interpretation of dominance principles, the author argues that the foundations are strongly in place for the continued growth of law and economics in this field.

Preference Coalition Formation Scheme for Buyer Coalition Services with Bundles of Items

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Laor Boongasame ◽  
Dickson K. W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Coalition Stability ◽  
Private Preference ◽  
Person Game ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Coalition stability is a major requirement in coalition formation. One important problem to achieve stability in n-person game theories is the assumption that the preference of each buyer is publicly known. The coalition is said to be stable if there are no objection by any subset of buyers according to their publicly known preferences. However, such assumption is often unrealistic in typical real-life situations. Individual buyers often have private preferences and make their decisions according to their own preferences instead. This study proposes a novel preference coalition formation scheme for buyer coalition services that attempts to consider private preference of individual buyers within the buyer coalition process. The theoretical foundations of the study are rooted in the fields of multi-criteria decision making, human practical reasoning, and n-person game theories, from which we design an appropriate scheme for our proposed buyer coalition framework with emphasis on private preferences of individual buyers. The authors validate their proposed scheme with simulation software developed to demonstrate results of a variety of practical situations.

Understanding the Role of the European Court of Justice in European Integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLIFFORD J. CARRUBA ◽  
MATTHEW GABEL ◽  
CHARLES HANKLA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
Political Constraints ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

In 2008 we published an article finding evidence for political constraints on European Court of Justice (ECJ) decision making. Stone Sweet and Brunell (this issue) argue that our theoretical foundations are fundamentally flawed and that our empirical evidence supports neofunctionalism over intergovernmentalism “in a landslide.” We respectfully disagree with Stone Sweet and Brunell regarding both their conclusions about our theoretical arguments and what the empirical evidence demonstrates. We use this response to clarify our argument and to draw a clearer contrast between our and their perspective on the role the ECJ plays in European integration. Finally, we reevaluate their neofunctionalist hypotheses. Ultimately, we do not find support in the data for Stone Sweet and Brunell's empirical claims.

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