scholarly journals Replica Bethe Ansatz solution to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation on the half-line

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Krajenbrink ◽  
Pierre Le Doussal
Keyword(s):  
Bethe Ansatz ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Fredholm Determinant ◽  
Half Line ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Exact Probability Distribution ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Bethe Ansatz Solution ◽  
Positive Half

We consider the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation for the stochastic growth of an interface of height h(x,t)h(x,t) on the positive half line with boundary condition \partial_x h(x,t)|_{x=0}=A∂xh(x,t)|x=0=A. It is equivalent to a continuum directed polymer (DP) in a random potential in half-space with a wall at x=0x=0 either repulsive A>0A>0, or attractive A<0A<0. We provide an exact solution, using replica Bethe ansatz methods, to two problems which were recently proved to be equivalent [Parekh, arXiv:1901.09449]: the droplet initial condition for arbitrary A \geqslant -1/2A≥−1/2, and the Brownian initial condition with a drift for A=+\inftyA=+∞ (infinite hard wall). We study the height at x=0x=0 and obtain (i) at all time the Laplace transform of the distribution of its exponential (ii) at infinite time, its exact probability distribution function (PDF). These are expressed in two equivalent forms, either as a Fredholm Pfaffian with a matrix valued kernel, or as a Fredholm determinant with a scalar kernel. For droplet initial conditions and A> - \frac{1}{2}A>−12 the large time PDF is the GSE Tracy-Widom distribution. For A= \frac{1}{2}A=12, the critical point at which the DP binds to the wall, we obtain the GOE Tracy-Widom distribution. In the critical region, A+\frac{1}{2} = \epsilon t^{-1/3} \to 0A+12=ϵt−1/3→0 with fixed \epsilon = \mathcal{O}(1)ϵ=𝒪(1), we obtain a transition kernel continuously depending on \epsilonϵ. Our work extends the results obtained previously for A=+\inftyA=+∞, A=0A=0 and A=- \frac{1}{2}A=−12.

scholarly journals Persistence of small noise and random initial conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (A) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baker ◽  
P. Chigansky ◽  
K. Hamza ◽  
F. C. Klebaner
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Scaling Limit ◽  
Unperturbed System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Small Noise ◽  
Random Initial Conditions ◽  
Unstable Fixed Point ◽  
Smooth Dynamical System ◽  
Positive Half

AbstractThe effect of small noise in a smooth dynamical system is negligible on any finite time interval; in this paper we study situations where the effect persists on intervals increasing to ∞. Such an asymptotic regime occurs when the system starts from an initial condition that is sufficiently close to an unstable fixed point. In this case, under appropriate scaling, the trajectory converges to a solution of the unperturbed system started from a certainrandominitial condition. In this paper we consider the case of one-dimensional diffusions on the positive half-line; this case often arises as a scaling limit in population dynamics.

Is it a Right Assumption That B and Ge are Distributed Randomly After Growing a Strained HBT-Structure?

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor I. Kol'dyaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Transient Diffusion ◽  
Segregation Process ◽  
Main Observation

AbstractIt is accepted that surface Ge atoms are considered to be responsible for the surface B segregation process. A set of original experiments is carried out. A main observation from the B and Ge profiles grown at different conditions shows that at certain conditions B is taking initiative and determine the Ge surface segregation process. basic assumptions are suggested to self-consistently explain these original experimental features and what is observed in the literature. These results have a strong implication for modeling the B diffusion in Si1-xGex where the initial conditions should be formulated accounting for the correlation in B and Ge distribution. A new assumption for the initial condition to be “all B atoms are captured by Ge” is regarded as a right one implicating that there is no any transient diffusion representing the B capturing kinetics.

scholarly journals Blinking statistics and molecular counting in direct stochastic reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekha Patel ◽  
David Williamson ◽  
Dylan M Owen ◽  
Edward A K Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Immunological Synapse ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy ◽  
Exact Probability Distribution ◽  
Optical Reconstruction

Abstract Motivation Many recent advancements in single-molecule localization microscopy exploit the stochastic photoswitching of fluorophores to reveal complex cellular structures beyond the classical diffraction limit. However, this same stochasticity makes counting the number of molecules to high precision extremely challenging, preventing key insight into the cellular structures and processes under observation. Results Modelling the photoswitching behaviour of a fluorophore as an unobserved continuous time Markov process transitioning between a single fluorescent and multiple dark states, and fully mitigating for missed blinks and false positives, we present a method for computing the exact probability distribution for the number of observed localizations from a single photoswitching fluorophore. This is then extended to provide the probability distribution for the number of localizations in a direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy experiment involving an arbitrary number of molecules. We demonstrate that when training data are available to estimate photoswitching rates, the unknown number of molecules can be accurately recovered from the posterior mode of the number of molecules given the number of localizations. Finally, we demonstrate the method on experimental data by quantifying the number of adapter protein linker for activation of T cells on the cell surface of the T-cell immunological synapse. Availability and implementation Software and data available at https://github.com/lp1611/mol_count_dstorm. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals On the birthday problem: some generalizations and applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (60) ◽  
pp. 3827-3840 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Rathie ◽  
P. Zörnig
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Random Graph ◽  
Generating Functions ◽  
Hypergeometric Functions ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Confluent Hypergeometric Functions ◽  
Birthday Problem ◽  
Exact Probability Distribution

We study the birthday problem and some possible extensions. We discuss the unimodality of the corresponding exact probability distribution and express the moments and generating functions by means of confluent hypergeometric functionsU(−;−;−)which are computable using the software Mathematica. The distribution is generalized in two possible directions, one of them consists in considering a random graph with a single attracting center. Possible applications are also indicated.

scholarly journals Application of Adjoint-Derived Forecast Sensitivities to the 24–25 January 2000 U.S. East Coast Snowstorm

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
pp. 3148-3175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl T. Kleist ◽  
Michael C. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Response Function ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Surface Cyclone

Abstract The 24–25 January 2000 eastern United States snowstorm was noteworthy as operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) guidance was poor for lead times as short as 36 h. Despite improvements in the forecast of the surface cyclone position and intensity at 1200 UTC 25 January 2000 with decreasing lead time, NWP guidance placed the westward extent of the midtropospheric, frontogenetically forced precipitation shield too far to the east. To assess the influence of initial condition uncertainties on the forecast of this event, an adjoint model is used to evaluate forecast sensitivities for 36- and 48-h forecasts valid at 1200 UTC 25 January 2000 using as response functions the energy-weighted forecast error, lower-tropospheric circulation about a box surrounding the surface cyclone, 750-hPa frontogenesis, and vertical motion. The sensitivities with respect to the initial conditions for these response functions are in general very similar: geographically isolated, maximized in the middle and lower troposphere, and possessing an upshear vertical tilt. The sensitivities are maximized in a region of enhanced low-level baroclinicity in the vicinity of the surface cyclone’s precursor upper trough. However, differences in the phase and structure of the gradients for the four response functions are evident, which suggests that perturbations could be constructed to alter one response function but not necessarily the others. Gradients of the forecast error response function with respect to the initial conditions are used in an iterative procedure to construct initial condition perturbations that reduce the forecast error. These initial condition perturbations were small in terms of both spatial scale and magnitude. Those initial condition perturbations that were confined primarily to the midtroposphere grew rapidly into much larger amplitude upper-and-lower tropospheric perturbations. The perturbed forecasts were not only characterized by reduced final time forecast error, but also had a synoptic evolution that more closely followed analyses and observations.

WAVELET PACKETS ASSOCIATED WITH NONUNIFORM MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS ON POSITIVE HALF LINE

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Sharma ◽  
P. Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Multiresolution Analysis ◽  
Wavelet Packets ◽  
Half Line ◽  
State University ◽  
Spectral Pairs ◽  
Funct Anal ◽  
Positive Half

Gabardo and Nashed [Nonuniform multiresolution analysis and spectral pairs, J. Funct. Anal.158 (1998) 209–241] introduced the Nonuniform multiresolution analysis (NUMRA) whose translation set is not a group. Farkov [Orthogonal p-wavelets on ℝ+, in Proc. Int. Conf. Wavelets and Splines (St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 2005), pp. 4–26] studied multiresolution analysis (MRA) on positive half line and constructed associated wavelets. Meenakshi et al. [Wavelets associated with Nonuniform multiresolution analysis on positive half line, Int. J. Wavelets, Multiresolut. Inf. Process.10(2) (2011) 1250018, 27pp.] studied NUMRA on positive half line and proved the analogue of Cohen's condition for the NUMRA on positive half line. We construct the associated wavelet packets for such an MRA and study its properties.

Transient elastodynamic analysis with a combination of convolution quadrature method and pseudo-initial condition method

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-355
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Yudong Zhong ◽  
Xiaomin Shu ◽  
Yunqiao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Quadrature Method ◽  
Memory Requirement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Convolution Quadrature ◽  
Force Method ◽  
Cpu Time ◽  
Condition Method ◽  
Convolution Quadrature Method

Purpose The Convolution Quadrature Method (CQM) has been widely applied to solve transient elastodynamic problems because of its stability and generality. However, the CQM suffers from the problems of huge memory requirement in case of direct implementation in time domain or CPU time in case of its reformulation in Laplace domain. The purpose of this paper is to combine the CQM with the pseudo-initial condition method (PICM) to achieve a good balance between memory requirement and CPU time. Design/methodology/approach The combined methods first subdivide the whole analysis into a few sub-analyses, which is dealt with the PICM, namely, the results obtained by previous sub-analysis are used as the initial conditions for the next sub-analysis. In each sub-analysis, the time interval is further discretized into a number of sub-steps and dealt with the CQM. For non-zero initial conditions, the pseudo-force method is used to transform them into equivalent body forces. The boundary face method is employed in the numerical implementation. Three examples are analyzed. Results are compared with analytical solutions or FEM results and the results of reformulated CQM. Findings Results demonstrate that the computation time and the storage requirement can be reduced significantly as compared to the CQM, by using the combined approach. Originality/value The combined methods can be successfully applied to the problems of long-time dynamic response, which requires a large amount of computer memory when CQM is applied, while preserving the CQM stability. If the number of time steps is high, then the accuracy of the proposed approach can be deteriorated because of the pseudo-force method.

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