scholarly journals Morbidity as a Predictor for Participation in the Danish National Mammography Screening Program: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 509-518
Author(s):  
Jakob H Viuff ◽  
Ilse Vejborg ◽  
Walter Schwartz ◽  
Martin Bak ◽  
Ellen M Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mammography Screening Program

scholarly journals Impaired compensatory hyperinsulinemia among nonobese type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204201881988902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jit Sarkar ◽  
Sujay Krishna Maity ◽  
Abhishek Sen ◽  
Titli Nargis ◽  
Dipika Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Group

Aims: Obesity associated prolonged hyperinsulinemia followed by β-cell failure is well established as the pathology behind type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, studies on nonobese T2DM have reported it to be a distinct clinical entity with predominant insulin secretory defect. We, therefore, hypothesized that compensatory hyperinsulinemia in response to weight gain is impaired in nonobese subjects. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from a community-based metabolic health screening program. Adiposity parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, plasma leptin concentration and metabolic parameters namely fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in 650 individuals (73% healthy, 62% nonobese with a BMI <25). Results: In contrast to obese T2DM, nonobese T2DM patients did not exhibit significant hyperinsulinemia compared with the nonobese healthy group. Age, sex, and fasting glucose adjusted insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-beta cell function (HOMA-B) were increased in obese T2DM compared with nonobese T2DM. Although adiposity parameters showed strong correlation with fasting insulin in obese healthy ( r = 0.38, 0.38, and 0.42, respectively; all p values < 0.001) and T2DM ( r = 0.54, 0.54, and 0.66, respectively; all p < 0.001), only BMI and leptin showed a weak correlation with insulin in the nonobese healthy group (0.13 and 0.13, respectively; all p < 0.05) which were completely lost in the nonobese T2DM. Conclusions: Compensatory hyperinsulinemia in response to weight gain is impaired in the nonobese population making insulin secretory defect rather than IR the major pathology behind nonobese T2DM.

scholarly journals Knowledge about mammography screening in Germany by education and migrant status – results of a cross-sectional study (InEMa)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Berens ◽  
Simone Kaucher ◽  
Sandra van Eckert ◽  
Maren Reder ◽  
Petra Kolip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Hemoglobinopathies in newborns in the southern region of the Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil. Cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Menezes Carlos ◽  
Renata Andréia Volpe Souza ◽  
Bruna Maria Bereta de Souza ◽  
Gilberto de Araujo Pereira ◽  
Sebastião Tostes Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hb E ◽  
Hb S ◽  
Neonatal Screening Program ◽  
Hb C

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Hemoglobinopathies are among the commonest and most widespread genetic disorders worldwide. Their prevalence varies according to ethnic composition and/or geographical region. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hemoglobinopathies and their association with ethnicity among 1,004 newborns, to confirm the guideline of the Brazilian National Neonatal Screening Program. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a public referral hospital in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Qualitative assessment of hemoglobin was performed through electrophoresis on cellulose acetate: at alkaline pH to identify the hemoglobin (Hb) profile and at acid pH to differentiate Hb S from Hb D and Hb C from Hb E and others that migrate to similar positions at alkaline pH. Neutral pH was used to detect Hb Bart's identified in alpha thalassemia (α-thal). The elution method after electrophoresis was used to quantitatively assess hemoglobins. RESULTS: There was predominance of α-thal, with 105 cases (10.46%), followed by Hb S with 61 cases (6.08%, comprising 46 Hb AS, 2 Hb SS and 13 Hb S/α-thal), 9 cases (0.9%) of Hb AC and 6 cases (0.6%) suggestive of beta thalassemia (β-thal). The frequency of hemoglobinopathies was significantly higher among Afro-descendants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings corroborated of the National Neonatal Screening Program for diagnosing sickle cell disease and Hb C, Hb D, Hb E and β-thal hemoglobinopathies.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of Referral for Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer Among Women in Muscat Governorate: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Nouf M. Al-Alawi ◽  
Nabila Al-Balushi ◽  
Asma A. Al Salmani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

Objectives: Breast cancer constitutes the majority of diagnosed cancers in Oman’s females, accounting for 19.2%, which prompted the introduction of a breast cancer screening programme into the Omani healthcare system. There are rising international concerns about the effectiveness of mammography as a screening tool and its psychological impact. The current study aimed to determine the social, emotional and physical dysfunction caused by the waiting time from the day of scheduling the appointment until the day of screening and explore associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2017 at Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman, using a two-part self-administered questionnaire. Part one of the questionnaire collected clinical and demographic data. Part two consisted of the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire (PCQ) and focused on psychological consequences, measuring the effect of mammographic screening on emotional, physical and social functions. Results: A total of 300 women aged ≥40 years old participated in this study (response rate: 100%). Results revealed that there was a minimal negative psychological impact from screening using mammograms. All PCQ domains were significantly impacted for participants who reported a family history of cancer (P = 0.007). The social score was significantly higher among women between 40–50 years old (P = 0.008). Scores of emotional and social functions were significantly affected by participants’ employment status; employed women were more affected than those who were not (P = 0.043 and 0.012, respectively). However, women’s levels of literacy did not affect any of the domains. Conclusion: The psychosocial impact of the waiting period between scheduling and undergoing mammography screening was minimal in the current sample. Future research should evaluate the psychosocial impact on patients at different recall times.Keywords: Breast Cancer; Mammography; Psychological Factors; Depression; Anxiety; Oman.

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