scholarly journals Joint Modeling in Detecting Predictors of CD4 Cell Count and Status of Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV/AIDS Under HAART at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, North-West Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 527-537
Author(s):  
Setegn Bayabil ◽  
Awoke Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
North West ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
North West Ethiopia ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Joint Modeling in Detecting Predictors of Cd4 Cell Count and Status of Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Patients Under HAART at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, North-west Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setegn Byabil Agegn ◽  
Awoke seyoum Tegegn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
North West ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Globally, the number of TB patients who had been diagnosed with HIV status reached 2.1 million, which is equivalent to 34 % of notified cases of TB. This research was conducted with the objective to identify potential predictors for the status of TB and CD4 cell count for adult HIV patients at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital North-west Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective repeated measures were taken from a sample of 226 HIV patients. Separate and joint models were conducted for data analysis of CD4 cell count and TB status of HIV infected patients. Results: The descriptive statistics indicates that among the HIV patients under HAART, 26.6% had additional TB cases. Hence, the expected number of CD4 cell count of HIV patients who were co-infected with TB was decreased by 2.34 as compared to HIV patients who were free from TB. In joint analysis, age, opportunistic infectious disease, adherence to medication, body mass index and social supports were significantly associated with CD4 cell count and TB status. In addition, one-way interaction terms (time * educational level) was also associated with both outcomes. As patients’ age increased by one year, the expected number of CD4 cell count was decreased by 0.025 cells per/mm3 keeping the other variables constant. The expected number of CD4 cell count for patients whose status were ambulatory was decreased by 3.95 as compared to working status. Both separate and joint modeling approach revealed consistent results for significant predictors. However, joint models were more adequate and efficient. Conclusions: Among the predictors of CD4 cell count and TB status, WHO stages, age of patients, functional status of patients, hemoglobin level and residence area were significant predictors for the variable of interests. More attention should be given for HIV/TB co- infected ambulatory and bedridden patients.

scholarly journals The THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results: The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion: The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.

scholarly journals CD4+ cell count stratification to guide tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelia H. Chaisson ◽  
Valeria Saraceni ◽  
Silvia Cohn ◽  
Dena Seabrook ◽  
Solange C. Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS and on ART in Achefer District, North West Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Wasihun ◽  
Mengistu Yayehrad ◽  
Samuel Dagne ◽  
Yonatan Menber ◽  
Tadesse Awoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
North West Ethiopia ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the major public health Problem worldwide and its epidemic is occurring in populations where malnutrition is already endemic. Ethiopia is among the countries most affected by under nutrition and HIV epidemic in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of under nutrition and associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS and on ART in Achefer Woreda, North West Ethiopia.Methods and Materials: Institution based cross sectional study design was used and conducted from May 01–30/2015. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects and the data was collected using clinical assessment, measurements and interviewer administered questionnaire. To identify independent predictors of under nutrition of adult people living with HIV/AIDS and on ART, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses using SPSS version 20 with CI of 95% at p-value < 0. 05.Result: Three hundred fifty HIV/AIDS on ART patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of under nutrition was 26.9% and females were most affected 57 (18.1%). Anti-retroviral treatment duration of 6-11months and 12–24 months (AOR = 4.72, 95% CI, 1.10-20.35) and (AOR = 6.93, 95% CI, 1.614–29.754) respectively, WHO Stage two and three (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI,1.061–8.534) and (AOR = 12.56, 95% CI, 4.27–36.99) respectively and dietary counseling (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI, .05-.78) were significantly associated with under nutrition.Conclusion and Recommendation: Undernutrition was high in PLWHA and on ART. ART duration, WHO clinical staging, presence of eating problem and dietary counselling were the predictors for under nutrition of HIV patients on ART. Only increasing access to ART can’t solve problem of under nutrition, therefore nutrition therapy and support, site expansion also as an accessory to the initiation of ART should be considered.

Progressive phasing out of baseline CD4 cell count testing for people living with HIV in Kinshasa, DRC

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Mayasi Ngongo ◽  
Hippolyte Situakibanza Nani-Tuma ◽  
Marcel Mbula Mambimbi ◽  
Murielle Longokolo Mashi ◽  
Ben Bepouka Izizag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals A comparative study: long and short term effect of a nutrition sensitive approach to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Abraham Mainaji Amlogu ◽  
Sundus Tewfik ◽  
Charles Wambebe ◽  
Ihab Tewfik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACTBackground: Malnutrition has a negative impact on optimal immune function, thus increasing susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients. Evidence indicates that the prevalence of macro and micronutrient deficiencies (particularly magnesium, selenium, zinc, and vitamin C) has a negative impact on optimal immune function, through the progressive depletion of CD4 T-lymphocyte cells, which thereby increases susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among PLWH. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition sensitive intervention to delay the progression of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) to AIDS among people living with HIV in Abuja, Nigeria.Methods: A randomised control trial was carried out on 400 PLWH (adult, male and female of different religious background) in Abuja, Nigeria between January and December, 2012. Out of these 400 participants, 100 were randomly selected for the six months pilot study (January to June, 2012). The participants in the pilot study overlapped to form part of the scale-up participants (n 400) monitored from June to December, 2012. The comparative effect of daily consumed 354.92 kcal/d optimised meal for six and twelve months was ascertained through the nutritional status and biochemical indices of the study participants (n 100 pilot and n 400 scale-up interventions) who were/were not taking the intervention meal. The meal consisted of: Glycine max 50g; Pennisetum americanum 20g; Moringa oleifera 15g; Daucus carota spp.sativa 15g.Results: At the end of six months of the scale-up intervention, mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 6.31% and 12.12% respectively. Mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.72% and 2.52% within the same period (n 400). Comparatively, participants who overlapped from pilot to scale-up intervention (Long term use, n 100) were assessed for 12 months. Mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.21% and 12.14%. Mean MUAC for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.08% and 3.95% respectively. Moreover, Student’s t-test analysis suggests a strong association between the intervention meal,  MUAC and CD4 count on long term use of optimised meal in the group of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although the achieved results take the form of specific technology, it suggests that a prolong consumption of the intervention meal will be suitable to sustain the gained improvements in the anthropometric and biochemical indices of PLWHIV in Nigeria. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Nutrition-sensitive approach; CD4 cell count; Macro and Micronutrients; ART; Tailored Functional Recipe - TFR.

scholarly journals The HIV treatment cascade in people living with HIV in Iran in 2014: Mixed-method study to measure losses and reasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Ghalehkhani ◽  
Behnam Farhoudi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽  
Hamid Sharifi ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Cascade ◽  
Cascade Analysis ◽  
Hiv Treatment Cascade ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

The study assessed the HIV treatment cascade of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Iran and the reasons for gaps in HIV services in 2014. We did the cascade analysis using the WHO HIV test–treat–retain cascade analysis tool (2014). To measure the gaps, we checked the records for all PLWH reported to the national HIV surveillance till September 2014 to define how many were alive, linked to HIV care, assessed for CD4 cell count, started antiretroviral therapy (ART), and reported to be alive up to five years after ART. To assess the reasons for gaps in the cascade, we ran desk review, four focus group discussions and 51 in-depth interviews with key informants including PLWH. Spectrum model estimated 75,700 PLWH in Iran, of whom only 22,647 people (%30) were diagnosed. Of those who were diagnosed with HIV, 16,266 people (%72) had enrolled in HIV care. About 13% of all PLWH were retained in HIV care and only 9% (6745 people) had ever been tested for CD4 cell count. Only 8% (6018 people) of all PLWH had received ART by September 2014. We found the biggest gap in the HIV treatment cascade to be HIV diagnosis as only 30% of PLWH have been diagnosed. Innovative strategies to improve HIV testing, particularly those that work best for key populations, are critical to reach the 90–90-90 targets.

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