Structural changes in the lacrimal sac epithelium and associated lymphoid tissue during experimental dacryocystitis

The eye is protected by the ocular immunosurveillance system. We show that tear duct–associated lymphoid tissue (TALT) is located in the mouse lacrimal sac and shares immunological characteristics with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs), including the presence of M cells and immunocompetent cells for antigen uptake and subsequent generation of mucosal immune responses against ocularly encountered antigens and bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Initiation of TALT genesis began postnatally; it occurred even in germ-free conditions and was independent of signaling through organogenesis regulators, including inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2, retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt, lymphotoxin (LT) α1β2–LTβR, and lymphoid chemokines (CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13). Thus, TALT shares immunological features with MALT but has a distinct tissue genesis mechanism and plays a key role in ocular immunity.

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Neurological status and structural changes in the tracheal lymphoid tissue in rats with different resistance to emotional stress of experimental hemorrhagic stroke

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im S S Korsakova ◽

10.17116/jnevro202012008245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 120 (8) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

L.A. Klyueva ◽

E.V. Koplik ◽

E.V. Shvetsov ◽

K.A. Vasyanina

Keyword(s):

Emotional Stress ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Neurological Status

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Primary Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue of the Lacrimal Sac Found with Epiphora: A Case Report

Case Reports in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1159/000449121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 426-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yoshiyuki Kitaguchi ◽

Yasuhiro Takahashi ◽

Jacqueline Mupas-Uy ◽

Emiko Takahashi ◽

Hirohiko Kakizaki

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

B Cell ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Marginal Zone ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Lacrimal Sac ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Palpable Mass ◽

Mucosal Thickening

We report a case of a primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the lacrimal sac, which was found in a patient with epiphora without palpable mass. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated mucosal thickening of the lacrimal sac with a patent lumen, consistent with the intraoperative finding. Epiphora resolved, which was confirmed by smooth syringing, 1 month after starting the immunotherapy.

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High-Resolution, 3D Imaging of the Zebrafish Gill-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GIALT) Reveals a Novel Lymphoid Structure, the Amphibranchial Lymphoid Tissue

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.769901 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Alf S. Dalum ◽

Aurora Kraus ◽

Shanawaz Khan ◽

Erna Davydova ◽

Dimitri Rigaudeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Active Role ◽

Gill Arch ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

A Site ◽

Conserved Epitope

The zebrafish is extensively used as an animal model for human and fish diseases. However, our understanding of the structural organization of its immune system remains incomplete, especially the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs). Teleost MALTs are commonly perceived as diffuse and scattered populations of immune cells throughout the mucosa. Yet, structured MALTs have been recently discovered in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), including the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) in the gills. The existence of the ILT was only recently identified in zebrafish and other fish species, highlighting the need for in-depth characterizations of the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT) in teleosts. Here, using 3-D high-resolution microscopy, we analyze the GIALT of adult zebrafish with an immuno-histology approach that reveals the organization of lymphoid tissues via the labeling of T/NK cells with an antibody directed to a highly conserved epitope on the kinase ZAP70. We show that the GIALT in zebrafish is distributed over at least five distinct sub-regions, an organization found in all pairs of gill arches. The GIALT is diffuse in the pharyngeal part of the gill arch, the interbranchial septum and the filaments/lamellae, and structured in two sub-regions: the ILT, and a newly discovered lymphoid structure located along each side of the gill arch, which we named the Amphibranchial Lymphoid Tissue (ALT). Based on RAG2 expression, neither the ILT nor the ALT constitute additional thymi. The ALT shares several features with the ILT such as presence of abundant lymphoid cells and myeloid cells embedded in a network of reticulated epithelial cells. Further, the ILT and the ALT are also a site for T/NK cell proliferation. Both ILT and ALT show structural changes after infection with Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV). Together, these data suggest that ALT and ILT play an active role in immune responses. Comparative studies show that whereas the ILT seems absent in most neoteleosts (“Percomorphs”), the ALT is widely present in cyprinids, salmonids and neoteleosts, suggesting that it constitutes a conserved tissue involved in the protection of teleosts via the gills.

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ГІСТОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЛІМФОЇДНИХ УТВОРЕНЬ ШЛУНКА І ТОНКОЇ КИШКИ У КЛІНІКО-ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧНОМУ ПРОФІЛІ БАБЕЗІОЗУ

The Medical and Ecological Problems ◽

10.31718/mep.2021.25.3-4.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3-4) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

І.І. Торяник

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Single Cells ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Lymphoid Follicles ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Nodular Hyperplasia

Peripheral lymphoid organs respond immediately to a decrease in the body's defence responses, and their localisation and morphological specificity account for their active involvement in immunogenesis (especially in animals). This fact accentuates the morpho-functional estimation of the lymphoid tissue condition with the purpose of timely diagnostics of starting deviations and preventing the development of decompensated changes. Thus, the analysis of histological changes of the latter in natural and experimental prototypes of babesiosis is relevant. The aim of the research is to define the role of histological changes of lymphoid masses in the stomach and small intestine in the formation of the clinical and pathogenetic profile of babesiosis. We studied the structural changes of lymphoid masses of the stomach and small intestine in animals with babesiosis postmortem by histological methods. Fixation was traditionally carried out in 12% aqueous formalin solution, dehydration in alcohol (30º to absolute), and pouring (paraffin/ celloidin). Staining was conducted with eosin and haematoxylin, Van Gizon, Brasche. Analysis was performed using an Olympus BX-41 microscope, Japan (x 100; x 200; x 1350). Verification was carried out by cytological, ultramicroscopic, molecular genetic methods (polymerase chain reaction) and in a biological experiment on animals. Analysis of specimens of the lamina propria in the gastric mucosa of the animals in the experimental group and clinical observation group established that the latter contained diffuse accumulations of the lymphoid tissue. Their dispersal involved different parts of the organ, including quite large areas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining gave a clear histological pattern with a marked contrast of fragments, which contributed to diagnostic resources. Lymphoid follicles were observed occasionally, their marginal, mantle zones were blurred. The germinative centres were not detected and did not show any lucency. Neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes and plasma cells predominated among the cellular leucocyte populations. Examination of the lymphoid apparatus of the small intestine showed predominantly diffuse nodular hyperplasia, which was widespread. A focal version of the nosological prototype was observed in individual specimens occasionally, presented as single cells (most often in the terminal parts of the organ). Histological changes of lymphoid masses of the stomach and small intestine in animals with babesiosis consisted in the development of expressive diffuse nodular hyperplasia with disorganization of the structure of lymphoid follicles, destruction of zonality of the latter, making it impossible to detect germinative centres.

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Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the lacrimal drainage system in two pediatric patients

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672119837085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. NP18-NP23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmet Yucel Ucgul ◽

Bercin Tarlan ◽

Pınar Uyar Gocun ◽

Onur Konuk

Keyword(s):

Malt Lymphoma ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Drainage System ◽

Excisional Biopsy ◽

Lacrimal Sac ◽

Lacrimal Drainage System ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Tumoral Lesion ◽

Lacrimal Drainage

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) is quite rare in children, but it is important to expedite early diagnosis in an effort to alter possible life-threatening disease since they are usually misdiagnosed as chronic dacryocystitis. In the literature, there are few examples of tumors of LDS in children. The authors herein report two pediatric cases of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) originating from lacrimal sac in an attempt to increase the knowledge about the clinical course of NHL of LDS. Considerable care must be taken since tumors of lacrimal drainage can mimic dacryocystitis clinically and macroscopically. Two patients both attended with painless swelling in the left lacrimal sac region and epiphora of the left eye. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumoral lesion in the left lacrimal sac region and histopathological examination of excisional biopsy specimen demonstrated MALT lymphoma in both patients. The treatment regimen comprises lacrimal sac excision within the tumor, canalicular dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with bicanalicular silicone intubation (BSI) combined with chemotherapy and regional radiotherapy in one case, whereas the second case received only radiotherapy after canalicular DCR with BSI. Both of them maintained clinical remission along follow-up.

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Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050287 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

S. Phyllis Steamer ◽

Rosemarie L. Devine

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽

Fission Neutrons ◽

Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

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Evaluation of single-electron movies of glutamine synthetase molecules

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075191 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 280-281

Author(s):

W. Kunath ◽

E. Zeitler ◽

M. Kessel

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Glutamine Synthetase ◽

Electron Irradiation ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Single Electron ◽

Continuous Series ◽

Digital Recording ◽

Recording Device ◽

Low Exposure

The features of digital recording of a continuous series (movie) of singleelectron TV frames are reported. The technique is used to investigate structural changes in negatively stained glutamine synthetase molecules (GS) during electron irradiation and, as an ultimate goal, to look for the molecules' “undamaged” structure, say, after a 1 e/Å2 dose.The TV frame of fig. la shows an image of 5 glutamine synthetase molecules exposed to 1/150 e/Å2. Every single electron is recorded as a unit signal in a 256 ×256 field. The extremely low exposure of a single TV frame as dictated by the single-electron recording device including the electron microscope requires accumulation of 150 TV frames into one frame (fig. lb) thus achieving a reasonable compromise between the conflicting aspects of exposure time per frame of 3 sec. vs. object drift of less than 1 Å, and exposure per frame of 1 e/Å2 vs. rate of structural damage.

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