scholarly journals ANÁLISES DE AMOSTRAS AMBIENTAIS PARA FINS DE SALVAGUARDAS NUCLEARES NO BRASIL

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Lisbôa ◽  
Olívio Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Delvonei Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
International Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Nuclear Safeguards ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Highly Sensitive

ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES FOR NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS PURPOSES IN BRAZIL. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is responsible for preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons by detecting early the misuse of nuclear material or technology, and by certifying that States are honouring their safeguards obligations.The analysis of environmental samples taken by IAEA inspectors during inspections is a powerful tool for nuclear safeguards. This tool was implemented in 1996, after a successful application in Iraq, when a clandestine nuclear weapons program was discovered. The science involved in this type of analysis depends on highly sensitive and selective analytical measurements for detecting traces of nuclear materials collected in the nuclear facility’s “environment”. The purposes of this article are to draw attention to the relevance of this subject in order to address a significant global problem and to present what have been developed in Brazil. Through compatible results with certified standards and IAEA requirements, Brazil has already demonstrated the potential of measuring the amount and isotopic composition of uranium and plutonium at the levels expected in typical environmental samples. Finally, this work suggests the necessary measurements to implement a reliable and consistent environmental samples program for nuclear safeguards in Brazil.

Mass spectrometric analysis for nuclear safeguards

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Boulyga ◽  
Stefanie Konegger-Kappel ◽  
Stephan Richter ◽  
Laure Sangély
Keyword(s):  
International Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Safeguards ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Techniques

An important part of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards system is the “analytical laboratory”, with mass spectrometric techniques, belonging to the most powerful methods for the analysis of nuclear material and environmental samples collected during inspections.

scholarly journals A Quality Assurance Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Long
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
International Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World

The purpose of this Quality Assurance (QA) protocol is to summarize guidelines that have been accepted by directors of many radiocarbon dating laboratories throughout the world, and by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Some laboratories have followed similar procedures successfully for years. Laboratories that carefully adhere to this protocol will produce consistently reliable data that will be comparable in accuracy to all other laboratories following this or any other equally rigorous quality assurance program. This statement does not, however, pertain to samples with 14C activities highly sensitive to method or degree of pretreatment, as pretreatment techniques vary among laboratories.

Inspection Experience Under the Antarctic Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency

1966 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Simsarian
Keyword(s):  
International Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

Two international programs have developed recently permitting inspections, one by national teams and the other by international teams. Although the two programs concern arms control, they are, however, both limited in scope and applicability. The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 authorizes national teams to inspect any area in Antarctica to verify compliance with prohibitions in the treaty against military uses. Under the, Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), arrangements have been adopted which authorize Agency teams to inspect the peaceful uses of nuclear materials and facilities to ensure that they are not being used to further any military purpose.

The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Quester
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Communist China

The United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics have put forward a Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) designed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons beyond those five nations which currently possess them: France, the People's Republic of China (Communist China), the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The treaty requires that signatories already possessing such weapons not give them to other countries and that signatories not yet posses-sing nuclear weapons forego accepting them or manufacturing them indigenously. To reinforce the latter restraint the treaty obligates states renouncing weapons to accept inspection safeguards on their peaceful nuclear activities, inspection by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Estimation of the formation rates of polyatomic species of heavy metals in plutonium analyses using a multicollector ICP-MS with a desolvating nebulizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Mitroshkov ◽  
K. B. Olsen ◽  
M. L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
International Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Icp Ms

Analyses of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and environmental samples for the Pu isotopic content are conducted normally at very low concentrations of Pu—usually in the range of parts per trillion and even more often at the parts per quadrillion level.

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