scholarly journals Analysis of sheet erosion component variability on four complex hillslopes and consecutive storms under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani ◽  
Ali Talebi ◽  
Sajad Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Storm Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Runoff Discharge ◽  
Sheet Erosion

Abstract Understanding of rainfall-runoff processes in arid and semi-arid regions, such as runoff discharge (Q) and sediment concentration (SC) in hillslopes with different geometries, can offer better insights into hydrological processes. Consequently, considering intra- and inter-storm dynamics of Q and SC during consecutive storms (CSs), on hillslopes of various geometric shapes, has not been accurately and scientifically studied. The current research was planned to study the response of the sheet erosion components. The experiments were performed on four complex hillslopes (CHs) including straight-parallel, straight-convergent, concave-convergent, and convex-convergent under five CSs with rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h on a sandy loam soil in a 1 × 2 m2 plot under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the individual effects of the CSs and CHs and their interactive effects on Q and SC were significant (P ≤ 0.00). However, Q was more influenced by the CSs (ηp2 = 0.65) and SC was more affected by the CHs (ηp2 = 0.77). Moreover, analysis of the hydrographs (HGs), sedigraphs (SGs), and sediment rating loops (SRLs) observed in four CHs during five CSs indicated the diversity in the behavior of the SC (from 2.32 to 68.68 g/L) in comparison with variations in Q (from 14.68 to 38.38 mL/s).

scholarly journals Impact of Wheat Residue on Soil Erosion Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataollah KAVIAN ◽  
Leila GHOLAMI ◽  
Maziar MOHAMMADI ◽  
Velibor SPALEVIC ◽  
Moghadeseh FALAH SORAKI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Loam Soil

Soil erosion is one of the key challenges in soil and water conservation. Vegetation that covers soil and organic and inorganic mulch is very useful for the control of erosion processes. This study examined treatment with wheat residual (as agriculture mulch) on infiltration, time to runoff, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion processes. The study has been conducted for sandy-loam soil taken from summer rangeland (Northern Iran) with simulated rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm h-1. The experiment was conducted in slopes of 30% in three replications with two amounts of wheat residual of 50 and 90 %. The results showed that conservation percent of soil erosion for wheat residual 50 and 90% was 61.68 and 73.25%, respectively (in rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1). Also, the conservation percent of soil erosion for wheat residual of 50 and 90% cover was 70.68 and 90.55, respectively (in rainfall intensity of 100 mm h-1). It was concluded that the conservation treatments could reduce runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil erosion and increase the time to runoff and infiltration coefficient. This effect was significant on time for infiltration, sediment concentration and soil erosion variables (R2=0.99), time to runoff and runoff coefficient variables (R2=0.95). The interaction effects of rainfall intensity and soil conservation was significant for sediment concentration and soil erosion variables (R2=0.99).

Fate of thiodicarb and its metabolite methomyl in sandy loam soil under laboratory conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Bisht ◽  
Reena Chauhan ◽  
Beena Kumari ◽  
Rajvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Straw Mulch on Infiltration, Splash Erosion, Runoff and Sediment in Laboratory Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Gholami ◽  
Kazimierz Banasik ◽  
Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi ◽  
Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan ◽  
Leszek Hejduk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mulches have extraordinary potential in reducing surface runoff, increasing infiltration of water into the soil and decreasing soil erosion. The straw mulches as a biological material, has the ability to be a significant physical barrier against the impact of raindrops and reduce the detachment of soil aggregates. The present study is an attempt to determine the efficiency of straw mulch as conservation treatment in changes in the splash erosion, time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient, infiltration coefficient, time-to-drainage, drainage coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss. The laboratory experiments have been conducted for sandy-loam soil taken from deforested area, about 15 km of Warsaw west, Poland under lab conditions with simulated rainfall intensities of 60 and 120 mmh–1, in 4 soil moistures of 12, 25, 33 and 40% and the slope of 9%. Compared with bare treatments, results of straw mulch application showed the significant conservation effects on splash erosion, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss and significant enhancement effects on infiltration and drainage. The results of Spearman-Rho correlation showed the significant (p < 0.05) correlation with r = –0.873, 0.873, 0.878 and 0.764 between rainfall intensity and drainage coefficient, downstream splash, sediment concentration and soil loss and with r = –0.976, 0.927 and –0.927 between initial soil moisture content and time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient and infiltration coefficient, respectively.

scholarly journals Reducing sediment concentration and soil loss using organic and inorganic amendments at plot scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. R. Sadeghi ◽  
L. Gholami ◽  
M. Homaee ◽  
A. Khaledi Darvishan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Although various organic and inorganic mulches are used for soil conservation purposes, the comparative effectiveness of them on soil characteristics has not been comprehensively considered from different aspects. The present study is therefore an attempt to determine the efficiency of straw mulch, manure and TA-200 polyacrylamide with respective rates of 500, 300 and 50 g m-2, respectively, in changing sediment concentration and soil loss. The experiments were conducted for sandy-loam soil (collected from the top 0–20 cm-layer) taken from a summer rangeland, the Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran under laboratory conditions with simulated rainfall intensities of 30, 50, 70 and 90 mm h-1 and the slope of 30%. The results showed that the straw mulch decreased soil concentration at rate of 45.60% compared to the control plots, and performed better than manure (8.98% reduction) and PAM (4.74% reduction). The results showed that the maximum reduction in sediment concentration and soil loss for all soil amendments occurred in the rainfall intensity of 90 mm h-1 with the rates of 58.69 and 63.24%, for straw mulch, 14.65 and 13.14%, for manure and 20.15 and 23.44% for TA-200, respectively.

Mineralization of Monomeric Components of Biodegradable Plastics in Preconditioned and Enriched Sandy Loam Soil Under Laboratory Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Siotto ◽  
Maurizio Tosin ◽  
Francesco Degli Innocenti ◽  
Valeria Mezzanotte
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Reducing sediment concentration and soil loss using organic and inorganic amendments at plot scale

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. R. Sadeghi ◽  
L. Gholami ◽  
M. Homaee ◽  
A. Khaledi Darvishan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Various organic and inorganic mulches are used for soil conservation purposes, the effectiveness of which on soil characteristics has not been comprehensively considered from different aspects. The present study surveys the efficiency of straw mulch, manure and TA-200 polyacrylamide with respective rates of 500, 300 and 50 g m−2 in changing sediment concentration and soil loss. The experiments were conducted for sandy-loam soil taken from a summer rangeland, the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions with simulated rainfall intensities of 30, 50, 70 and 90 mm h−1 and a slope of 30%. The results showed that the straw mulch decreased soil erosion at rate of 45.60% compared to the control plots and performed better than manure (8.98% reduction) and PAM (4.74% reduction). The results showed that the maximum reduction in sediment concentration and soil loss for all soil amendments occurred at the rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1 with the rates of 58.69 and 63.24% for straw mulch, 14.65 and 13.14% for manure and 20.15 and 23.44% for TA-200.

scholarly journals Scale effect on runoff and soil loss control using rice straw mulch under laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2915-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. R. Sadeghi ◽  
L. Gholami ◽  
E. Sharifi Moghadam ◽  
A. Khaledi Darvishan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Abstract. Amendments can control the runoff and soil loss by protecting soil surface. However, scale effects on runoff and soil loss control has not been considered yet. The present study has been formulated to determine the efficiency of two plot sizes of 6 and 0.25 m2 covered by straw mulch with rate of 0.5 kg m−2 in changing the time to runoff, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss under laboratory conditions. The study has been conducted for a sandy-loam soil taken from summer rangeland, Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran under simulated rainfall intensities of 50 and 90 mm h−1 and in 3 replicates. The results of the study showed that the straw mulch had more significant effect in in reducing runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss at 0.25 m2 plot scale. The maximum effectiveness in time to runoff for both the scales, observed in rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1. The maximum increasing and decreasing rates in time to runoff and runoff coefficient observed in the rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1 with the amounts of 367.92 and 96.71% for 0.25 m2 plot and the amounts of 110.10 and 15.08% for 6 m2 plot respectively. The maximum change of soil loss in both the intensities of 50 and 90 mm h−1 occurred at 0.25 m2 plot with the amount of 100% whereas at 6 m2 plot, decreasing rates of soil loss for in both the intensities of 50 and 90 mm h−1 were 46.74 and 63.24%, respectively.

scholarly journals Scale effect on runoff and soil loss control using rice straw mulch under laboratory conditions

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. R. Sadeghi ◽  
L. Gholami ◽  
E. Sharifi ◽  
A. Khaledi Darvishan ◽  
M. Homaee
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Abstract. Amendments can control the runoff and soil loss by protecting the soil surface. However, scale effects on runoff and soil loss control have not been considered yet. The present study has been formulated to determine the efficiency of two plot sizes of 6 and 0.25 m2 covered by 0.5 kg m−2 of straw mulch with regard to changing the time to runoff, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss under laboratory conditions. The study used a sandy-loam soil taken from summer rangeland, Alborz Mountains, northern Iran, and was conducted under simulated rainfall intensities of 50 and 90 mm h−1 and in three replicates. The results of the study showed that the straw mulch had a more significant effect on reducing the runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss on a 0.25 m2 plot scale. The maximum effectiveness in time to runoff for both the scales was observed at a rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1. The maximum increasing and decreasing rates in time to runoff and runoff coefficient were observed at a rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1, with 367.92 and 96.71% for the 0.25 m2 plot and 110.10 and 15.08% for the 6 m2 plot. The maximum reduction in the runoff coefficient was in the 0.25 m2 plot for the two rainfall intensities of 50 and 90 mm h−1, with rates of −89.34 and −96.71%. The maximum change in soil loss at the intensities of both 50 and 90 mm h−1 occurred in the 0.25 m2 plot, with 100%, whereas in the 6 m2 plot, decreasing rates of soil loss for the intensities of both 50 and 90 mm h−1 were 46.74 and 63.24%, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document