scholarly journals Beach communications: a need for evaluation of current approaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi L. Pratap ◽  
Palak Desai ◽  
Samuel Dorevitch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
The State ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Delivery Options ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Local Levels

Aims: Programs to notify the public about water quality at beaches are developed at the state and local levels. We sought to characterize the messages and message delivery options in use, and information about the effectiveness of these beach notification programs. Methods: A telephone survey of 37 US state, tribal and territorial and 18 county, city or local beach programs was conducted to characterize current public notification practices and any evaluations of those practices. Results: Beach notification practices vary substantially at the state and local levels. Color-coded signs or flags are commonly used, but not universally, and the color schemes and their meanings vary. New communication approaches utilizing text messaging and the internet are in use or under development for local use. Few communication methods had undergone systematic evaluations of their content, delivery methods or effectiveness in promoting behavior change. Conclusion: The prevention of waterborne illness requires communications that effectively promote the avoidance of swimming when water quality is impaired. Current communication practices are variable and generally have not undergone formal evaluations for their effectiveness. It is not known whether or how they impact health risk.

scholarly journals Dual-Mandate of Persons Who Serve as MPs and Mayors at the Same Time

10.4335/61 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Zagorc
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Public ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Dual Mandate ◽  
Local Levels

The incompatibility of the function at the state and local levels is defined to prevent exercising a dual mandate and other forms of conflict of interest to secure self-government in local communities. The discussed positions of dual- or even triple-mandate officials are neither unconstitutional nor unlawful in themselves, yet they relate to the incompatibility of interest roles these dual-mandate or triple-mandate officials simultaneously play. The inability of the National Assembly to regulate the issue of the incompatibility of the function in accordance with the basic principles in the state (balance of powers, local self-government autonomy, representative democracy) leads us to the conviction that, for the time being, the parliamentary lobby power is too great, whereas the political culture of the public is too weak to prevent the further steps of the legislator. An important aspect of the incompatibility of the function lies in the fact that individuals should be aware that performing the multiple functions, obtained in elections, is not a privilege, but it is a commitment and duty to perform the functions well and with dedication. The paradox is that an individual who is aware of this does not need any rules on the incompatibility of the function at all. KEY WORDS: • incompatibility of the function • mandate • National Assembly Members • mayor • deputy mayor • local self-government • separation of powers • Slovenia

Workshop 1: Access programs—mobilizing the profession and advocacy organizations at the state and local levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
William E. Milner ◽  
Larry Coffee ◽  
Bobbie Uran ◽  
Harry J. Melnick ◽  
James Y. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Advocacy Organizations ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Access Programs

scholarly journals Decision Making at the State and Local Level: Does Science Matter?

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
State And Local

ABSTRACTScience is believed to be an important part of public policy decision making because of its inherent characteristics of measurability, rigor, objectivity, replication, and peer review. The purpose of this research was to explore the linkage of science to public policy decision making. The research explores what state and local public officials know about science and how much they actually use science in their decision making. Interview results with public officials in the State of Idaho demonstrate that policy makers ultimately see science as only one element in the mix. Findings suggest that equal attention and debate should be given to how science interacts with all of the other factors that affect the public policy making process.

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