scholarly journals Improved water and household water purification practices among orphans and vulnerable children in a multi-sectoral empowerment program in Eastern province, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Goodman ◽  
Aleisha Elliott ◽  
Stanley Gitari ◽  
Philip H. Keiser ◽  
Lauren A. Raimer-Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Empowerment Program

Water quality is an important determinant of diarrheal illnesses, especially affecting children in sub-Saharan Africa. Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa are at increased risk of poor quality drinking water, and therefore of diarrheal illness. The present study assesses primary drinking water source and typical household water purification among OVC households involved in a multi-sectoral empowerment program in semi-rural Kenya. Findings show water purification practices, but not water source, significantly increase with more time in the program. Other factors associated with safer water include household income, orphan type, food consumption and security, school completion, psychological resilience, engaging in sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the past 12 months, and previous year's financial status. Incorporating water quality improvements in a community-based empowerment program such as the one described may be one method of improving water quality and decreasing diarrheal illnesses among OVCs in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality and human dimensions of cholera patients to inform evidence-based prevention investment in Karonga District, Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2079-2087
Author(s):  
Prince Kaponda ◽  
Suresh Muthukrishnan ◽  
Rory Barber ◽  
Rochelle H. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Cholera remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Malawi. Our aim was to investigate drinking water source quality compared with water treatment, risk perception and cholera knowledge for patients who had reported to a health center for treatment in the 2017–2018 outbreak in Karonga District, Malawi. The study analyzed 120 drinking water samples linked to 236 cholera patients. Nearly 82% of the samples met the national criteria for thermotolerant coliforms of 50 cfu/100 ml, while 50% met the more stringent World Health Organization criteria of 0 cfu/100 ml. In terms of the human dimensions, 68% of survey respondents reported that they treated their water, while knowledge of prevention, transmission and treatment of cholera was also generally high. However, of the 32 patients whose drinking water sources had thermotolerant coliforms of 200+ cfu/100 ml, seven reported they felt a low or no personal risk for contracting cholera in the future and their community was extremely well prepared for another outbreak. The cost of a reactive response to cholera outbreaks puts a burden on Malawi, providing an opportunity for investment in innovative and localized preventive strategies to control and eliminate the risk of cholera while acknowledging social and cultural norms.

scholarly journals How Much Will It Cost To Monitor Microbial Drinking Water Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa?

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 5869-5878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Delaire ◽  
Rachel Peletz ◽  
Emily Kumpel ◽  
Joyce Kisiangani ◽  
Robert Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Early Education of orphans and vulnerable children: A crucial aspect for social justice and African development

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Sub Saharan

In the last decade there has been a significant escalation in the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in various parts of the world, more particularly, in Sub- Saharan Africa. The author strongly asserts that early childhood education is the main vehicle to address the concerns of OVC in order for them to develop skills and human capital as future adults in order to improve the outcomes for governance and economic development in Africa. He argues on the basis of inclusion that a social justice framework is essential in taking the rights of OVC into consideration. Adopting a bio- ecological systems theoretical model the author presents research findings on the educational, psychological and social experiences of OVC to motivate the need for African governments to take on the responsibility of addressing the plight of OVC through early childhood development and education interventions if they are serious about economic sustainability and prosperity. Although the research discussed in this paper was conducted in South Africa the author believes that the findings could easily depict what happens in the rest of Africa. In concluding, the author considers the implications of the findings in relation to future policies and directions needed for crucial development in Africa.

scholarly journals A cost-benefit framework for evaluating conditional cash-transfer programs

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Following the prototype of Mexico’s Progresa program, a number of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have initiated conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs. More recently, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have followed suit. However, no comprehensive framework to carry out a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) exists. This paper presents such a CBA framework for CCTs which enables design features such as targeting and conditionality to be separately evaluated. The framework is applied to an evaluation of a CCT program for orphans and vulnerable children in Kenya. The role of conditionality in SSA and the need for distribution weights is discussed.

Elderly Grandparents as Caregivers of Children Affected or Infected by HIV and AIDS in Namibia

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Eveline N. Kalomo ◽  
Simon George Taukeni
Keyword(s):  
Kinship Care ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Systematic Theory ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Elderly Caregivers

Kinship care is one of the most prevalent forms of placement that is used for children affected and/or infected by HIV and AIDS in Namibia. However, the literature lacks a systematic theory-informed understanding with respect to what is currently known about caregivers generally and specifically, elderly caregivers of orphans, and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa. This foundational chapter attempts to provide readers with content to assist in their understanding of the characteristics, role, and experiences of kinship elderly caregivers of children affected and/or infected by HIV and AIDS. In addition, the chapter highlights what is known about children living with HIV in Namibia. Finally, the chapter offers suggestions for policy and practice.

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