scholarly journals Sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in swimming pools

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Suppes ◽  
Ching-Hua Huang ◽  
Wan-Ning Lee ◽  
Kyle J. Brockman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in swimming pool water are hypothesized to originate from fill water and anthropogenic sources like urine, sweat, swimwear and body surfaces. However, research exploring PPCP origins in pools is lacking. This research investigates PPCP sources at 31 swimming pools. Pool water was analyzed for 24 representative PPCPs using advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Fill water was analyzed as a contamination source and to determine if swimmers introduce PPCPs to pools. Results show every PPCP in fill water was present in pools except one, suggesting fill water is a PPCP source at pools. The presence of the antidepressant fluoxetine in 26% of pools and 0% of fill water indicates swimmers introduce pharmaceuticals. The flame retardant (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP)) was present 48% more frequently in pool than fill water, suggesting TCEP is introduced by body surfaces or swimwear. Enforcing showering and bathroom breaks is recommended to reduce PPCP contamination from swimmers.

scholarly journals The Occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110365
Author(s):  
Saheed Mustapha ◽  
Tijani Jimoh ◽  
Muhammed Ndamitso ◽  
Saka Ambali Abdulkareem ◽  
Shuaib Damola Taye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

The occurrence of several disinfectant byproducts has been investigated in swimming pools. Until now, there are only a few studies on nitrosamine, particularly N-nitrosodimethylamine in swimming pool water. This could be due to the lack of a suitable method that is sensitive enough for the measurement of N-nitrosodimethylamine in pool waters. Other disinfectant byproducts formed in pool water widely documented are trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, halonitromethanes, and chloramines but inadequate information on N-nitrosodimethylamine. This paper provides a review of the nitrogenous disinfectant byproduct in swimming pools and its health implications. Anthropogenic substances introduced by swimmers such as sweat, lotions, and urine contribute to the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of secondary amines such as dimethylamine with mono/dichloroamines produced dimethyl hydrazine and further undergo oxidation to form N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of chlorine and other disinfectants with these anthropogenic sources in swimming pools cause cancer and asthma in human tissues. Thus, the assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the swimming pool is less well documented. Therefore, the health consequences, mutagenic, and genotoxic potentials of N-nitrosodimethylamine should be the focus of more research studies.

scholarly journals The Presence of Compounds from the Personal Care Products Group in Swimming Pool Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lempart ◽  
Edyta Kudlek ◽  
Marta Lempart ◽  
Mariusz Dudziak
Keyword(s):  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water
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