scholarly journals Variants of ctxB alleles of Vibrio cholerae O1 caused sequential cholera outbreaks in the tribal areas of Odisha, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Nayak ◽  
Ashish Kumar Nayak ◽  
Dipti Ranjan Behera ◽  
Swatishree Pany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Outbreak Areas ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cholera localized outbreaks/epidemics accounting for high morbidity and mortality have been reported in different years both from the coastal and tribal districts of Odisha. In the present study, the emergence and spread of two sequential cholera outbreaks reported in July to October 2012 from Rayagada and Kalahandi districts of Odisha was investigated. Environmental water samples from different sources and rectal swabs from diarrhoea patients were analysed for identification, antibiogram profiles and molecular studies using DMAMA-PCR assays. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was done on some selected Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from these cholera outbreak areas. Results showed 42% of rectal swabs and 2.3% of water samples collected from both the districts were positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor carrying both ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes. The common resistance profile of V. cholerae O1 strains was ampicillin, nalidixic acid, furazolidone and co-trimoxazole. The PFGE analysis on selected V. cholerae O1 strains of ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes showed three pulsotypes with 96% similarity matrix exhibiting the relationship with their respective water sources. Hence, continuous surveillance is highly essential to monitor the antibiogram profile and changing pattern of ctxB genotypes of V. cholerae O1 in this region.

scholarly journals Isolation of viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 from environmental water samples in Kolkata, India, in a culturable state

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Senoh ◽  
Jayeeta Ghosh‐Banerjee ◽  
Tamaki Mizuno ◽  
Sumio Shinoda ◽  
Shin‐ichi Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

scholarly journals Origin and Dissemination of Altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Causing Cholera in Odisha, India: Two and Half Decade’s View

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Dipti Ranjan Behera ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Nayak ◽  
Ashish Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas

The origin, spread and molecular epidemiology of altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks/surveillance studies between 1995 and 2019 from different district of Odisha were analyzed. The stock cultures of V. cholerae O1 strains from 1995 to 2019 were analyzed through molecular analysis using different PCR assays and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The spread map (month, year and place) was constructed to locate the dissemination of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 in this region. A total of 13 cholera outbreaks were caused by V. cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor carrying ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes. The ctxB1 alleles of V. cholerae O1 mostly confined to the coastal areas, whereas the ctxB7 genotypes, though originating in the coastal region of Odisha, concentrated more in the tribal areas. The positive correlation between virulence-associated genes (VAGs) was found through Pearson’s correlation model, indicative of a stronger association between the VAGs. The clonal relationship through PFGE between ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes of V. cholerae O1 strains exhibited 80% similarity indicating single- or multi-clonal evolution. It is evident from this study that the spread of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae O1-altered El Tor was dominant over the prototype El Tor strains in this region. The origin of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 occurred in the East Coast of Odisha established that the origin of cholera happened in the Gangetic belts of Bay of Bengal where all new variants of V. cholerae O1 might have originated from the Asian countries.

scholarly journals Emergence and Spread of Tetracycline resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant during 2010 cholera epidemic in the tribal areas of Odisha, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Kumar Kar ◽  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Khuntia ◽  
K. Gopinath Achary ◽  
Chinmaye Priyadarshini Khuntia
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas

scholarly journals Simultaneous direct detection of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from rectal swabs and environmental samples by sandwich ELISA

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1340-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmil Tuteja ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Shukla ◽  
Joseph Kingston ◽  
Harsh V. Batra
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Rectal Swabs

A mAb-based simple, specific and rapid two-tip dipstick ELISA was developed for simultaneous detection of toxin- and non-toxin-producing strains of Vibrio cholerae, and for direct detection of V. cholerae from rectal swabs of patients and from environmental water samples. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies and murine mAbs were raised against recombinant protein (r-protein) antigens of cholera toxin B (CtxB) and outer membrane protein W (OmpW). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to both r-proteins were coated individually onto the tips of nitrocellulose (NC) membranes of a two-tipped NC dipstick as capture antibodies and a mixture of two mAbs was used for the detecting antibodies. The test was found to be specific for V. cholerae strains O1, O139, non-O1 and non-O139, and did not show any cross-reaction to closely related bacterial strains. The test was evaluated on rectal swabs collected at the bedside of 75 hospitalized diarrhoeal patients and on 50 environmental water samples after enrichment for 4 h in alkaline peptone water. The mAb two-tip dipstick ELISA detected V. cholerae in 52/75 rectal swabs and 2/50 environmental water samples for CtxB antigen, and in 1/50 environmental water samples for the non-toxin OmpW antigen of V. cholerae within 1.5 h. These findings were identical to those observed using PCR and conventional culture methods. Thus, this mAb-based two-tip dipstick ELISA could be used for early and reliable simultaneous detection of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae from clinical and environmental water samples.

Large outbreak of cholera caused by El Tor variant Vibrio cholerae O1 in the eastern coast of Odisha, India during 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 2560-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. PAL ◽  
H. K. KHUNTIA ◽  
S. K. SAMAL ◽  
A. S. KERKETTA ◽  
S. K. KAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Mutation Assay

SUMMARYA large outbreak of cholera reported during April–July 2009 in the Kendrapada district of Odisha, India was investigated. Forty-one rectal swabs and 41 water samples, collected from diarrhoeal patients and from different villages were bacteriologically analysed for the isolation of bacterial enteriopathogens, antibiogram profile and detection of various toxic genes. The bacteriological analysis of rectal swabs and environmental water samples revealed the presence of V. cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor. The V. cholerae strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, ampicillin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on V. cholerae strains revealed the presence of ctxA and tcpA genes. The mismatch amplification of mutation assay (MAMA) PCR on clinical and environmental isolates of V. cholerae revealed that the strains were El Tor biotype, which harboured the ctxB gene of the classical strain. The random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results indicated that the V. cholerae isolates belonged to the same clone. This investigation gives a warning that the El Tor variant of V. cholerae has spread to the coastal district causing a large outbreak that requires close monitoring and surveillance on diarrhoeal outbreaks in Odisha.

Genomic Variability of Pathogenicity Islands in Nontoxigenic Strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1055-1069
Author(s):  
N. I. Smirnova ◽  
A. A. Kritsky ◽  
J. V. Alkhova ◽  
E. Yu. Agafonova ◽  
E. Yu. Shchelkanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Genomic Variability ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant and emergence of Haitian ctxB variant in the strains isolated from South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdutta Bhattacharya ◽  
Shuchismita Dey ◽  
Gururaja Perumal Pazhani ◽  
Thandavarayan Ramamurthy ◽  
Mahantesh V. Parande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
South India ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains similar to pre-seventh pandemic El Tor strains during an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease in an island resort in Fiji

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1559-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
Ashrafus Safa ◽  
N. A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Suraia Nusrin ◽  
Denise Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O1 em amostras de ambientes aquáticos e de alimentos analisados no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldêny Colaço ◽  
Sandoval Vieira da Silva Filho ◽  
Dália dos Prazeres Rodrigues ◽  
Ernesto Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

No período de 1992 a 1994, foram analisadas 2.585 amostras de águas de diferentes ecossistemas, acrescidas de 91 espécimens de alimentos visando ao monitoramento de Vibrio cholerae O1 no Estado de Pernambuco. Nas 2.676 amostras foram detectadas 193 cepas de Vibrio cholerae O1 (7,21%) com predominância do sorovar Inaba (183-94,8%) sobre Ogawa (10-5,1%), todas classificadas no biotipo El Tor e sensíveis à tetraciclina. Numa parcela de setenta amostras selecionadas ao acaso, mas incluindo todas do sorovar Ogawa, foi evidenciada a produção de toxina colérica. A maior incidência do vibrião colérico em águas de rios, canais e de esgoto, representando 86% dos isolados, indicou a contaminação fecal por excretores como a causa preponderante na disseminação da bactéria nos sistemas aquáticos. Assinala-se a discreta ocorrrência de V. cholerae O1 nos alimentos processados (2,1%).

scholarly journals Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 El TorgalU and galE Mutants: Influence on Lipopolysaccharide Structure, Colonization, and Biofilm Formation

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Nesper ◽  
Crystal M. Lauriano ◽  
Karl E. Klose ◽  
Dagmar Kapfhammer ◽  
Anita Kraiß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Core Oligosaccharide ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Recently we described the isolation of spontaneous bacteriophage K139-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor mutants. In this study, we identified phage-resistant isolates with intact O antigen but altered core oligosaccharide which were also affected in galactose catabolism; this strains have mutations in the galU gene. We inactivated another gal gene, galE, and the mutant was also found to be defective in the catabolism of exogenous galactose but synthesized an apparently normal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both gal mutants as well as a rough LPS (R-LPS) mutant were investigated for the ability to colonize the mouse small intestine. The galU and R-LPS mutants, but not thegalE mutant, were defective in colonization, a phenotype also associated with O-antigen-negative mutants. By investigating several parameters in vitro, we could show that galU and R-LPS mutants were more sensitive to short-chain organic acids, cationic antimicrobial peptides, the complement system, and bile salts as well as other hydrophobic agents, indicating that their outer membrane no longer provides an effective barrier function. O-antigen-negative strains were found to be sensitive to complement and cationic peptides, but they displayed significant resistance to bile salts and short-chain organic acids. Furthermore, we found thatgalU and galE are essential for the formation of a biofilm in a spontaneous phage-resistant rugose variant, suggesting that the synthesis of UDP-galactose via UDP-glucose is necessary for biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide. In addition, we provide evidence that the production of exopolysaccharide limits the access of phage K139 to its receptor, the O antigen. In conclusion, our results indicate involvement of galU in V. cholerae virulence, correlated with the observed change in LPS structure, and a role for galU and galE in environmental survival of V. cholerae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document