scholarly journals Origin and Dissemination of Altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Causing Cholera in Odisha, India: Two and Half Decade’s View

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Dipti Ranjan Behera ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Nayak ◽  
Ashish Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas

The origin, spread and molecular epidemiology of altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks/surveillance studies between 1995 and 2019 from different district of Odisha were analyzed. The stock cultures of V. cholerae O1 strains from 1995 to 2019 were analyzed through molecular analysis using different PCR assays and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The spread map (month, year and place) was constructed to locate the dissemination of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 in this region. A total of 13 cholera outbreaks were caused by V. cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor carrying ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes. The ctxB1 alleles of V. cholerae O1 mostly confined to the coastal areas, whereas the ctxB7 genotypes, though originating in the coastal region of Odisha, concentrated more in the tribal areas. The positive correlation between virulence-associated genes (VAGs) was found through Pearson’s correlation model, indicative of a stronger association between the VAGs. The clonal relationship through PFGE between ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes of V. cholerae O1 strains exhibited 80% similarity indicating single- or multi-clonal evolution. It is evident from this study that the spread of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae O1-altered El Tor was dominant over the prototype El Tor strains in this region. The origin of altered El Tor variants of V. cholerae O1 occurred in the East Coast of Odisha established that the origin of cholera happened in the Gangetic belts of Bay of Bengal where all new variants of V. cholerae O1 might have originated from the Asian countries.

scholarly journals Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor in Port Blair, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdutta Bhattacharya ◽  
D. S. Sayi ◽  
Haimanti Bhattacharjee ◽  
R. Thamizhmani ◽  
A. P. Bharadwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Variants of ctxB alleles of Vibrio cholerae O1 caused sequential cholera outbreaks in the tribal areas of Odisha, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Nayak ◽  
Ashish Kumar Nayak ◽  
Dipti Ranjan Behera ◽  
Swatishree Pany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Outbreak Areas ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cholera localized outbreaks/epidemics accounting for high morbidity and mortality have been reported in different years both from the coastal and tribal districts of Odisha. In the present study, the emergence and spread of two sequential cholera outbreaks reported in July to October 2012 from Rayagada and Kalahandi districts of Odisha was investigated. Environmental water samples from different sources and rectal swabs from diarrhoea patients were analysed for identification, antibiogram profiles and molecular studies using DMAMA-PCR assays. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was done on some selected Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from these cholera outbreak areas. Results showed 42% of rectal swabs and 2.3% of water samples collected from both the districts were positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa biotype El Tor carrying both ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes. The common resistance profile of V. cholerae O1 strains was ampicillin, nalidixic acid, furazolidone and co-trimoxazole. The PFGE analysis on selected V. cholerae O1 strains of ctxB1 and ctxB7 genotypes showed three pulsotypes with 96% similarity matrix exhibiting the relationship with their respective water sources. Hence, continuous surveillance is highly essential to monitor the antibiogram profile and changing pattern of ctxB genotypes of V. cholerae O1 in this region.

Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Conjugative Plasmid and a Class I Integron in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains Isolated in Albania and Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Falbo ◽  
Alessandra Carattoli ◽  
Fabio Tosini ◽  
Cristina Pezzella ◽  
Anna Maria Dionisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated during the 1994 outbreak of cholera in Albania and Italy were characterized for the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. All strains were found to be resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, trimethoprim, sulfathiazole, and the vibriostatic compound O/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylteridine). Resistance genes were self-transferable by a conjugative plasmid of about 60 MDa, with the exception of spectinomycin resistance, which was conferred by theaadA1 gene cassette located in the bacterial chromosome within a class 1 integron. The resistance to trimethoprim and O/129 was conferred by the dfrA1 gene, which was present on the plasmid. Although the dfrA1 gene is known to be borne on an integron cassette, class 1, 2, or 3 intI genes were not detected as part of the plasmid DNA from the strains studied.

scholarly journals Emergence and Spread of Tetracycline resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant during 2010 cholera epidemic in the tribal areas of Odisha, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Kumar Kar ◽  
Bibhuti Bhusan Pal ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Khuntia ◽  
K. Gopinath Achary ◽  
Chinmaye Priyadarshini Khuntia
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Tribal Areas

Genomic Variability of Pathogenicity Islands in Nontoxigenic Strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1055-1069
Author(s):  
N. I. Smirnova ◽  
A. A. Kritsky ◽  
J. V. Alkhova ◽  
E. Yu. Agafonova ◽  
E. Yu. Shchelkanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Genomic Variability ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Martyna Kasela ◽  
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant and emergence of Haitian ctxB variant in the strains isolated from South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdutta Bhattacharya ◽  
Shuchismita Dey ◽  
Gururaja Perumal Pazhani ◽  
Thandavarayan Ramamurthy ◽  
Mahantesh V. Parande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
South India ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains similar to pre-seventh pandemic El Tor strains during an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease in an island resort in Fiji

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1559-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
Ashrafus Safa ◽  
N. A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Suraia Nusrin ◽  
Denise Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O1 em amostras de ambientes aquáticos e de alimentos analisados no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldêny Colaço ◽  
Sandoval Vieira da Silva Filho ◽  
Dália dos Prazeres Rodrigues ◽  
Ernesto Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

No período de 1992 a 1994, foram analisadas 2.585 amostras de águas de diferentes ecossistemas, acrescidas de 91 espécimens de alimentos visando ao monitoramento de Vibrio cholerae O1 no Estado de Pernambuco. Nas 2.676 amostras foram detectadas 193 cepas de Vibrio cholerae O1 (7,21%) com predominância do sorovar Inaba (183-94,8%) sobre Ogawa (10-5,1%), todas classificadas no biotipo El Tor e sensíveis à tetraciclina. Numa parcela de setenta amostras selecionadas ao acaso, mas incluindo todas do sorovar Ogawa, foi evidenciada a produção de toxina colérica. A maior incidência do vibrião colérico em águas de rios, canais e de esgoto, representando 86% dos isolados, indicou a contaminação fecal por excretores como a causa preponderante na disseminação da bactéria nos sistemas aquáticos. Assinala-se a discreta ocorrrência de V. cholerae O1 nos alimentos processados (2,1%).

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