scholarly journals Urban water management challenges and achievements in Windhoek, Namibia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl W. Lewis ◽  
Chad Staddon ◽  
Johannes Sirunda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Water Demand Management

Abstract This paper gives an overview of the main challenges and achievements faced by Windhoek's water management sector. The paper highlights pertinent issues arising from increased water demand, and also explores current and future water supply augmentation options. Water planners experience management challenges as a result of a combination of factors, mainly, lack of funds and staff, limited expertise, poor communication between stakeholders, and weak regulation and enforcement. In order to meet these challenges water managers need to develop more robust and resilient strategies, including greater focus on water demand management.

scholarly journals Water demand management – shifting urban water management towards sustainability

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kayaga ◽  
I. Smout ◽  
H. Al-Maskati
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Water Demand Management

Whereas the world population is increasing at a high rate, especially in urban areas, water resources have not only remained constant, but are being polluted at a high rate, which inevitably results in fresh water scarcity. Current urban water management concepts and practices cannot adequately respond to these changes. There is need for water professionals to change the way they manage water resources in urban areas if we are to ensure economic and environmental sustainability. In addition to consideration of supply-side options, we need to apply water demand management (WDM) tools both on the utility and end-user sides. This paper describes the basic concepts of WDM, provides a case study of their application in Bahrain, and briefly introduces the five-year EU-funded SWTCH Project that aims at creating a paradigm shift in urban water management practices.

scholarly journals Water and the city: exploring links between urban growth and water demand management

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Bouziotas ◽  
Evangelos Rozos ◽  
Christos Makropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Urban Growth Model ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

Urban water management is currently understood as a socio-technical problem, including both technologies and engineering interventions as well as socioeconomic dimensions and contexts vis-à-vis both end users and institutions. In this framework, perhaps the most important driver of urban water demand, at the intersection between engineering, social and economic domains, is urban growth. This paper examines aspects of the interplay between the dynamics of urban growth and the urban water cycle. Specifically, a cellular automata urban growth model is re-engineered to provide growth patterns at the level of detail needed by an urban water cycle model. The resulting toolkit is able to simulate spatial changes in urban areas while simultaneously estimating their water demand impact under different water demand management scenarios, with an emphasis on distributed technologies whose applicability depends on urban form. The method and tools are tested in the case study of Mesogeia, Greece, and conclusions are drawn, regarding both the performance of the urban growth model and the effectiveness of different urban water management practices.

Urban Water Demand Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Binaya Kumar Mishra ◽  
Shamik Chakraborty ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Chitresh Saraswat
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Urban Water Demand

A brief history of water supply and wastewater management in ancient Greece

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Angelakis ◽  
D. S. Spyridakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Greek Civilization

The evolution of urban water management in ancient Greece begins in Crete during the Middle Bronze and the beginning of the Late Bronze Ages (ca. 2000–1500 B.C.) when many remarkable developments occurred in several stages as Minoan civilization flourished on the island. One of its salient characteristics was the architectural and hydraulic function of its water supply and sewerage systems in the Minoan Palaces and several other settlements. These technologies, though they do not give a complete picture of water supply and wastewater and storm water technologies in ancient Greece, indicate nevertheless that such technologies have been used in Greece since prehistoric times. Minoan water and wastewater technologies were diffused to the Greek mainland in the subsequent phases of Greek civilization, i.e. in the Mycenaean, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. The scope of this article is the presentation of the most characteristic forms of ancient hydraulic works and related technologies and their uses in past Greek civilizations.

scholarly journals Agent based modelling of domestic water demand for adaptive urban water management

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ιφιγένεια Κουτίβα
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Impact Theory

Αντικείμενο της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η δημιουργία μιας νέας μεθόδου προσομοίωσης της συμπεριφοράς της ζήτησης νερού των αστικών νοικοκυριών, χρησιμοποιώντας μοντέλα παραγόντων –ευφυών πρακτόρων (Agent Based Modelling - ΑΒΜ). Μέχρι τώρα, η πιο κοινή προσέγγιση ήταν να συμπεριλαμβάνονται στα εργαλεία διαχείρισης των υδατικών πόρων, χρονοσειρές οικιακής ζήτησης νερού παραγόμενες είτε ακολουθώντας τις ιστορικές τάσεις ή προβάλλοντας μελλοντικές απαιτήσεις.Ωστόσο, σε αυτή την έρευνα, προτείνεται μια εναλλακτική μέθοδος για τη παραγωγή χρονοσειρών οικιακής ζήτησης νερού, προσομοιώνοντας τη συμπεριφορά των νοικοκυριών όπως αυτή διαμορφώνεται από τις κοινωνικές, πολιτικές, οικονομικές και τεχνολογικές συνθήκες.Το βασικό κίνητρο της έρευνας αυτής, ήταν η ανάγκη για τη δημιουργία κανόνων που προσομοιώνουν τη συμπεριφορά των νοικοκυριών. Προς την κατεύθυνση αυτή, αναπτύχθηκε ένα εργαλείο ΑΒΜ, που ονομάζεται Urban Water Agents’ Behaviour (UWAB), το οποίο προσομοιώνει τη συμπεριφορά της ζήτησης νερού ενός νοικοκυριού με βάση: (α) τη θεωρία σύνθετων δικτύων (Albert and Barabasi, 2000)που αντιπροσωπεύει τους κοινωνικούς δεσμούς που δύναται να επηρεάσουν την οικιακή ζήτηση νερού, (β) τη θεωρία της κοινωνικής επιρροής (social impact theory) (Latane, 1981) για την προσομοίωση της επιρροής που ασκούν πολιτικές και άλλοι εξωτερικοί παράγοντες στη συμπεριφορά των οικιακών χρηστών νερού, (γ) τη θεωρία της σχεδιασμένης συμπεριφοράς (theory of plannedbehaviour) (Ajzen, 1991) η οποία εξυπηρετεί την αποδόμηση της συμπεριφοράς του οικιακού χρήστη νερού στα συστατικά της με σκοπό τη μοντελοποίηση της πρόθεσης του και (δ) τη στατιστική μηχανική(Shell, 2014) η οποία χρησιμοποιείται για την προσομοίωση της στοχαστικής φύσης της ανθρώπινης συμπεριφοράς. Η συμπεριφορά της ζήτησης νερού των νοικοκυριών και η επιρροή της από τις πολιτικές διαχείρισης και από τις περιβαλλοντικές πιέσεις προσομοιώνεται στο μοντέλο UWAB. Στη συνέχεια, η συμπεριφορά αυτή μεταφράζεται σε συγκεκριμένο όγκο νερού μέσω της προσομοίωσης των συσκευών κατανάλωσης νερού ενός νοικοκυριού χρησιμοποιώντας το εργαλείο Urban Water Optionneering Tool(UWOT) (Makropoulos et al., 2008). Η υλοποίηση της παραπάνω προτεινόμενης μεθοδολογίας πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη σύνδεση του μοντέλου UWAB με το εργαλείο UWOT, δημιουργώντας την πλατφόρμα μοντελοποίησης UWAB-UWOT. Για την επαλήθευση της προτεινόμενης μεθοδολογίας χρησιμοποιήθηκε το αστικό σύστημα ύδρευσης της Αθήνας, το οποίο και προσομοιώθηκε στην πλατφόρμα UWAB-UWAT. Πιο συγκεκριμένα,μελετήθηκε η εξέλιξη της οικιακής ζήτησης νερού κατά την περίοδο εκτεταμένης ξηρασίας που σημειώθηκε στην Αθήνα, κατά την περίοδο 1988 – 1994. Αρχικά, το μοντέλο βαθμονομήθηκε και επαληθεύτηκε χρησιμοποιώντας μηνιαία δεδομένα οικιακής ζήτησης νερού για την παραπάνω περίοδο.Στη συνέχεια, αναπτύχθηκαν και μελετήθηκαν εναλλακτικές στρατηγικές διαχείρισης της ζήτησης νερού βάσει των εναλλακτικών μελλοντικών σεναρίων ζήτησης. Από τα αποτελέσματα προέκυψε ότι η σύνδεση ενός μοντέλου ABM, για την προσομοίωση της συμπεριφοράς των νοικοκυριών, με ένα μοντέλο προσομοίωσης του αστικού κύκλου νερού, δίνει τη δυνατότητα σύνθεσης υπολογιστικών πειραμάτων με στόχο την αξιολόγηση εναλλακτικών στρατηγικών διαχείρισης της οικιακής ζήτησης νερού από τις ρυθμιστικές αρχές.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Current Issues in Water Supply Systems and Implications for Sustainable Urban Water Management in Limbe, South West Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Baba Adamu ◽  
Ndi Humphrey N. ◽  
Balgah Sounders N.
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply system has played a significant role in the growth, development and wellbeing of cities. Until now, meeting the need of city residents in terms of availability, reliability, and access to a good quality water supply is a major challenge facing many denizens of the 21st Century due to unprecedented urban growth and urbanization rates. This study is out to examine the current issues and challenges to water supply systems in Limbe. The study adopted the mix method approach which involves triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Primary data were obtained from field observations, interviews and the administration of 383 questionnaires to households and stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from relevant official documents, published and unpublished sources relevant to water supply systems. Satellite imageries and ArcGIS were used to describe the pattern of growth in built-up areas between 1986 and 2019. Data from the questionnaire were entered using Epi Data Version 3.1, analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Standard version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables, figures, plates and maps. Findings revealed that, although the water supply accessibility by utilities has improved significantly, the reliability, distribution, flow frequency, supply, price and quality are still low. The inaccessibility and unreliability in the water supply have turned most households to alternative sources with poor quality. Unsustain urbanization and urban growth are occurring through infills in city remaining open spaces and ‘out spill’ and expansion at the outskirt without a concurrent increase, upgrading or extension of water supply infrastructural systems resulting to congestion, conflict over allocation, long-distance trekking to source water, deterioration of basic social services, pollution, inaccessibility amongst to ensure efficient water supply systems and sustainable urban water management. The paper, therefore, calls for the rehabilitation and renovation of dilapidated water supply structures, extension and upgrading basic services, limit urbanization and urban growth, encourage the construction and use of alternative water sources, community participation amongst others for sustainable urban water supply management.

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