A brief history of water supply and wastewater management in ancient Greece

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Angelakis ◽  
D. S. Spyridakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Greek Civilization

The evolution of urban water management in ancient Greece begins in Crete during the Middle Bronze and the beginning of the Late Bronze Ages (ca. 2000–1500 B.C.) when many remarkable developments occurred in several stages as Minoan civilization flourished on the island. One of its salient characteristics was the architectural and hydraulic function of its water supply and sewerage systems in the Minoan Palaces and several other settlements. These technologies, though they do not give a complete picture of water supply and wastewater and storm water technologies in ancient Greece, indicate nevertheless that such technologies have been used in Greece since prehistoric times. Minoan water and wastewater technologies were diffused to the Greek mainland in the subsequent phases of Greek civilization, i.e. in the Mycenaean, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. The scope of this article is the presentation of the most characteristic forms of ancient hydraulic works and related technologies and their uses in past Greek civilizations.

scholarly journals Hydrological Analysis with Respect to Spatial Changes of Urban Growth in Bengaluru City using Geospatial Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1048-1055
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Well Location

Urban Water Management is the practice of managing freshwater, wastewater, and storm water as components of a basin-wide management plan. It builds on existing water supply and sanitation considerations within an urban settlement by incorporating urban water management within the scope of the entire river basin. The pervasive problems generated by urban development have prompted, in the present work, to study the spatial extent of urbanization in Bengaluru City and patterns of periodic changes in urban development (systematic/random) in order to develop future plans for (i) urbanization promotion areas, and (ii) urbanization control areas. Remote Sensing, using USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) Landsat8 maps, supervised classification of the Urban Sprawl has been done for during 1900 - 2010, specifically after 2000. This Work presents the following: (i) Impact of Land use/cover on ground water level using well location data and (ii) Morphometric analysis of Bengaluru City. The outcome of the study shows drastic growth results in urbanization and depletion of ground water levels in the area that has been discussed briefly. Other relative outcomes like declining trend of rainfall and rise of sand mining in local vicinity has been also discussed. Research on this kind of work will (i) improve water supply and consumption efficiency (ii) Upgrade drinking water quality and wastewater treatment (iii) Increase economic efficiency of services to sustain operations and investments for water, wastewater, and storm water management, and (iv) engage communities to reflect their needs and knowledge for water management.

Water and wastewater in developing countries: present reality and strategy for the future

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ujang ◽  
C. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Financial Arrangements

This paper summarises the paper presentation sessions at the Conference, as well giving insights on the issues related to developing countries. It also discusses the present status of practice and research on water and wastewater management, and projected future scenario based not only on the papers presented in the Conference, but also on other sources. The strategy is presented to overcome many problems in developing countries such as rapid urbanization, industrialization, population growth, financial and institutional problems and, depleting water resources. The strategy consists of Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM), cleaner industrial production, waste minimisation and financial arrangements.

scholarly journals Chinese and Greek ancient urban hydro-technologies: similarities and differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2208-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Zheng ◽  
A. N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
The Ancient Chinese

Abstract The ancient civilizations of China and Greece, in the east and the west, have both subsequently deeply influenced other civilizations, regionally and across the world. Water management played a significant role in both civilizations and evidence demonstrates that many principles and technologies were generated by them, throughout both civilizations' long histories. As a result, they significantly influenced the ancient world broadly, some of which are still functioning up till this present time. This study comprises the following: methodology, hydrogeology, aqueducts and water impounds, water and wastewater mains, runoff management, agricultural irrigation, as well as the use of water for recreation purposes. Usually, urban hydro-technologies reflect a progressive situation in water management. Thus, both civilizations have also achieved urban water management. Therefore, for the purpose of understanding the role of water management in ancient civilizations and their similarities and differences beyond their geography, a comparison of urban hydro-technologies was selectively developed through the long history of the ancient Chinese and Greek civilizations, which also features the basic principle of water management in the human societies beyond these two civilizations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Current Issues in Water Supply Systems and Implications for Sustainable Urban Water Management in Limbe, South West Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Baba Adamu ◽  
Ndi Humphrey N. ◽  
Balgah Sounders N.
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply system has played a significant role in the growth, development and wellbeing of cities. Until now, meeting the need of city residents in terms of availability, reliability, and access to a good quality water supply is a major challenge facing many denizens of the 21st Century due to unprecedented urban growth and urbanization rates. This study is out to examine the current issues and challenges to water supply systems in Limbe. The study adopted the mix method approach which involves triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Primary data were obtained from field observations, interviews and the administration of 383 questionnaires to households and stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from relevant official documents, published and unpublished sources relevant to water supply systems. Satellite imageries and ArcGIS were used to describe the pattern of growth in built-up areas between 1986 and 2019. Data from the questionnaire were entered using Epi Data Version 3.1, analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Standard version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables, figures, plates and maps. Findings revealed that, although the water supply accessibility by utilities has improved significantly, the reliability, distribution, flow frequency, supply, price and quality are still low. The inaccessibility and unreliability in the water supply have turned most households to alternative sources with poor quality. Unsustain urbanization and urban growth are occurring through infills in city remaining open spaces and ‘out spill’ and expansion at the outskirt without a concurrent increase, upgrading or extension of water supply infrastructural systems resulting to congestion, conflict over allocation, long-distance trekking to source water, deterioration of basic social services, pollution, inaccessibility amongst to ensure efficient water supply systems and sustainable urban water management. The paper, therefore, calls for the rehabilitation and renovation of dilapidated water supply structures, extension and upgrading basic services, limit urbanization and urban growth, encourage the construction and use of alternative water sources, community participation amongst others for sustainable urban water supply management.

scholarly journals Shaping More Sustainable Communities: a Case Study in Urban Water Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robyn Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management ◽  
Urban Water Systems

<p>The motivation for this study was to consider how communities might take a more integrated and systematic approach to meeting the challenges of water management in New Zealand, and achieve more sustainable systems. The specific challenges facing a community pursuing sustainable urban water management objectives were examined and solutions sought and tested. Urban water systems, in particular, are under increasing pressure to meet the expectations of communities, with water managers required to articulate sensible management initiatives that secure water supplies and protect water for its intended use, now and in the future. Despite policy and regulation intended to advance outcomes and integrate efforts within the complex area of urban water management, fragmented approaches persist, while a pattern of decline in the quality of New Zealand's water resources remains a cause for concern. Nearly half of urban rates collected in New Zealand apply to water and wastewater management. Thus, this study is concerned with understanding the critical constraints to achieving healthier, more sustainable urban water systems that are affordable for New Zealand communities. The thesis demonstrates the methodology by focusing on Kapiti, a settlement north of Wellington, which has been debating and responding to water quality and security issues for more than a decade. Subsequent to a piloted investigation, a methodological framework was proposed, based on integrating three near complementary perspectives. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) was used with a Stakeholder Typology to identify system stakeholders, capturing and representing their perspectives with Intermediate Objective (IO), Current Reality Tree (CRT) and Prerequisite Trees (PRT), while Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) from Systems Dynamics were constructed with some participants to explore and circumvent potential negative outcomes. The combined framework provided a source of deep insights into the challenges, dilemmas, potential solutions and side effects facing resource managers and other stakeholders in an urban water system under pressure from population growth and climatic/topographical conditions. It is possible that the combined theoretical framework can be applied to other resource management cases. The use of the Stakeholder Typology to complement TOC provided a tactical element not routinely evident in systems studies, valuing the experiential and historical perspectives of those who might otherwise be treated as being outside the system, their perspectives marginalised or ignored. The TOC framework offered a logic-based means to identify and invalidate a critical assumption that peak demand would reduce to a level predicted by system managers. Further, the TOC tools were used to focus on and agree the set of conditions necessary to deal with the demand constraint and meet the system goal agreed by the stakeholder participants.</p>

Rethinking the urban water management of Copenhagen

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Binning ◽  
M.B. Hauger ◽  
M. Rygaard ◽  
A.M. Eilersen ◽  
H.J. Albrechtsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Current Water

Copenhagen currently relies on imported groundwater for its drinking water supply, but must become less reliant on external resources in future. A set of 9 scenarios for future water supply and waste water management are developed with the aim of making Copenhagen’s water supply entirely self sufficient. The scenarios are based on an analysis of current and past societal perceptions, mega trends and a catalogue of world’s best practice in urban water management. An initial screening of the scenarios is conducted by comparing them with a reference scenario (the current water supply) for the most important criteria. Perceptions, mega trends and evaluation criteria were identified by a stakeholder workshop. The scenarios that appear most promising are: central recirculation delivering water from a desalination and recycled grey water plant; a green city that relies on rainwater for supply and wastewater is separated and treated locally; a market driven water supply delivering various qualities of water and having separating sewage streams; and a local technological society where high tech treatment is used to produce and treat water within a neighbourhood.

Sanitizing Heritage—Hydraulic Water Supply and the Erosion of the Traditional Water Management System in Colonial Bombay City (1860–1947)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Madhu Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bombay City ◽  
The City

The traditional urban water management systems of Bombay (Mumbai) city consisted of tanks and wells constructed by charitable people of all creeds. But the entry of hydraulic engineering techniques, via the construction of Vihar Lake in 1860, ostensibly to supply pure and plentiful water heralded their doom. The modern but intrinsically flawed water supply system, unplanned urban development and the ensuing insanitation aggravated cholera and malaria epidemics, endemic to the city, threatening its imperial trade. This, and the desire to create sanitized colonies through town planning, encouraged Bombay municipality to attack the city’s tanks and wells, vilified as sources of pollution, despite protests of the local people. Based on an examination of archival sources, this article traces the history of colonial Bombay’s water management policy from 1860 and examines its impact on the city’s water inheritance, up to Indian independence in 1947. It aims to raise awareness levels about the potential importance of the surviving heritage, at a time when the spectre of insanitation and water scarcity haunts Mumbai.

scholarly journals Urban Water Management in Ancient Greece: Legacies and Lessons

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Koutsoyiannis ◽  
N. Zarkadoulas ◽  
A. N. Angelakis ◽  
G. Tchobanoglous
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management

scholarly journals Role of Models in the Decision-Making Process in Integrated Urban Water Management: A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Leila Mosleh ◽  
Masoud Negahban-Azar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Integrated Urban Water Management ◽  
Wide Range

Managing urban water systems in which stormwater, wastewater, and drinking water sectors affect each other is a difficult task that requires the right modeling tools for decision making. Integrated urban water management models (IUWMs) are tools that allow decision makers to demonstrate the effectiveness of various management, operational and design strategies. Although models are useful tools, the wide range of available models with many different capabilities make it challenging for the users to select an appropriate model for their specific objectives. In this review we investigated the capabilities of popular models in IUWM. We developed a comprehensive list of indicators to compare the capabilities of the models. We also analyzed the application of these models in a comparative way and evaluated their input requirements. Finally, we provided a procedure to select the appropriate model in the management environment based on the user’s needs. In summary, the results show that most of the models’ applications are focused on supply and demand, wastewater management, and stormwater management. Very few models consider social factors and policy aspects in IUWM. While each model has its own advantages, we found some of them, such as MIKE Urban, Hydro Planner, and Aqua Cycle, to be more comprehensive. Nevertheless, there are still gaps in the models in areas such as water-energy nexus, evaluating ecosystem services, including socioeconomic factors and sustainability analysis.

scholarly journals Shaping More Sustainable Communities: a Case Study in Urban Water Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robyn Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management ◽  
Urban Water Systems

<p>The motivation for this study was to consider how communities might take a more integrated and systematic approach to meeting the challenges of water management in New Zealand, and achieve more sustainable systems. The specific challenges facing a community pursuing sustainable urban water management objectives were examined and solutions sought and tested. Urban water systems, in particular, are under increasing pressure to meet the expectations of communities, with water managers required to articulate sensible management initiatives that secure water supplies and protect water for its intended use, now and in the future. Despite policy and regulation intended to advance outcomes and integrate efforts within the complex area of urban water management, fragmented approaches persist, while a pattern of decline in the quality of New Zealand's water resources remains a cause for concern. Nearly half of urban rates collected in New Zealand apply to water and wastewater management. Thus, this study is concerned with understanding the critical constraints to achieving healthier, more sustainable urban water systems that are affordable for New Zealand communities. The thesis demonstrates the methodology by focusing on Kapiti, a settlement north of Wellington, which has been debating and responding to water quality and security issues for more than a decade. Subsequent to a piloted investigation, a methodological framework was proposed, based on integrating three near complementary perspectives. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) was used with a Stakeholder Typology to identify system stakeholders, capturing and representing their perspectives with Intermediate Objective (IO), Current Reality Tree (CRT) and Prerequisite Trees (PRT), while Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) from Systems Dynamics were constructed with some participants to explore and circumvent potential negative outcomes. The combined framework provided a source of deep insights into the challenges, dilemmas, potential solutions and side effects facing resource managers and other stakeholders in an urban water system under pressure from population growth and climatic/topographical conditions. It is possible that the combined theoretical framework can be applied to other resource management cases. The use of the Stakeholder Typology to complement TOC provided a tactical element not routinely evident in systems studies, valuing the experiential and historical perspectives of those who might otherwise be treated as being outside the system, their perspectives marginalised or ignored. The TOC framework offered a logic-based means to identify and invalidate a critical assumption that peak demand would reduce to a level predicted by system managers. Further, the TOC tools were used to focus on and agree the set of conditions necessary to deal with the demand constraint and meet the system goal agreed by the stakeholder participants.</p>

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