A Batch Study of the Aerobic and Anaerobic Removal of Chlorinated Organic Compounds in an Aerated Lagoon

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Chernysh ◽  
Steven N. Liss ◽  
D. Grant Allen
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Organic Halogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chlorinated Organic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract In order to further our understanding of the removal of adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) from bleached kraft pulp mill effluent in an operating lagoon, controlled batch studies (at 22°C and 30°C) were conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The removal of AOX ranged from 17 to 70% and the presence of sludge significantly increased the removal of both AOX and total organic carbon (TOC). There was no further significant removal of AOX beyond two days for the aerobic experiments and beyond 10 days for the anaerobic experiments. The removal of AOX under anaerobic conditions was not significantly different from those under aerobic conditions and increasing the temperature caused a significant increase in the removal of AOX. There was no significant difference in the overall removal or patterns of removal between AOX and TOC. A mass balance showed that the sludge represented the major fraction of organically bound chlorine in the mixed liquor.

Removal of Organochlorines from Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent by an Aerated Lagoon

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tomar ◽  
D.G. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Chlorinated Organic ◽  
Biological Treatment System

Abstract The removal of chlorinated organic compounds from bleached kraft pulp mill effluent in an operating biological treatment system, consisting of an aerated lagoon and settling pond, was studied. The system performed extremely well for reduction of BOD. Preliminary results indicate that the overall removal of AOX was in the range of 15 to 47% across the entire system with the majority being removed in the aerated lagoon. Removal of low molecular weight (<1000 dalton) AOX was greater at 43–50%. About one third (range 30–36%) of the TOC was removed and the ratio of AOX to TOC was relatively constant at about 0.124 (g AOX/g TOC) throughout the lagoon suggesting that the mechanisms of removal were the same for both. The amount of chlorine bound to the organic matter in the sludge and in the interstitial water was found to be relatively constant throughout the lagoon. Significantly less AOX was found in the interstitial water than in the overlying water.

Characterization of odorous compounds from bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Brownlee ◽  
S. L. Kenefick ◽  
G. A. MacInnis ◽  
S. E. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Methyl Phenyl Sulfide ◽  
Library Spectrum

Odour compounds in extracts of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) have been characterized by olfactory gas chromatography (OGC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A variety of sulfury odours was detected by OGC in addition to woody and pulp mill-like odours. Three sulfur compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and partial mass spectra with authentic standards: dimethyl disulfide, 3-methylthiophene and thioanisole (methyl phenyl sulfide). Typical concentrations in BKME were 1, 0.05, and 0.5 μg/l, respectively. Their odour intensity is relatively low and they were not detected by OGC. Dimethyl trisulfide was tentatively identified by comparison of its partial mass spectrum with a literature (library) spectrum. Its concentration in BKME was estimated at 0.5-2 μg/l. It corresponded to a skunky odour in the OGC profiles. Efforts to identify another odour peak, eluting just after 3-methylthiophene, with a pronounced alkyl sulfide odour were unsuccessful.

Growth responses of periphyton and chironomids exposed to biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Dubé ◽  
J. M. Culp
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wood Extractives ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations

Experiments were conducted in artificial streams to determine the effects of increasing concentrations of biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKPME) on periphyton and chironomid growth in the Thompson River, British Columbia. Periphyton growth, as determined by increases in chlorophyll a, was significantly stimulated at all effluent concentrations tested (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and, 10.0%). Chironomid growth (individual weight) was also significantly stimulated at low effluent concentrations (≤1.0%). At higher concentrations (5.0% and 10.0%), chironomid growth was inhibited relative to the 1.0% treatment streams. Increases in growth were attributed to the effects of nutrient and organic enrichment from BKPME. The effluent contained high concentrations of phosphorus and appears to be an important source of carbon for benthic insects grazing on the biofilm. In high concentration effluent streams, chironomid growth decreased despite low levels of typical pulp mill contaminants. This suggests that other compounds in the effluent, such as wood extractives, may be inhibiting chironomid growth. These results support findings of field monitoring studies conducted in the Thompson River where changes in periphyton and chironomid abundance occurred downstream of the bleached kraft pulp mill.

Evaluation of the Sub-lethal Toxicity of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent to Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax

2010 ◽  
Vol 217 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário S. Diniz ◽  
Ruth Pereira ◽  
Ana C. Freitas ◽  
Teresa A. P. Rocha-Santos ◽  
Luisa Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Lethal Toxicity

Hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, plasma steroid hormone concentrations, and liver bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent concentrations in wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) caged in bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1339-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. van den Heuvel ◽  
D. G. Dixon ◽  
K. R. Munkittrick ◽  
M. R. Servos ◽  
G. J. Van Der Kraak
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Toxic Equivalent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp

Prespawning male white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), captured near Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior (exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME)), and Mountain Bay (reference) were caged in the BKME receiving area for 2, 4, and 8 d. Initially, the hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was similar in fish from both BKME and reference sites and, upon BKME exposure, increased 20-fold at both sites after 2 d. The H4IIE cell culture bioassay was used to measure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent concentration (TEC) in sucker liver extracts. H4IIE bioassay-derived TECs from Jackfish Bay sucker showed no significant treatment differences; combined TECs for all treatments averaged 51.1 pg∙g−1. Mountain Bay sucker liver TECs were initially significantly less (4.64 pg∙g−1) than the Jackfish Bay TECs but did show a significant, fivefold increase when fish were exposed to effluent. Mountain Bay and Jackfish Bay 8-d BKME-exposed fish showed no uptake of TECs calculated from directly measured polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during this exposure. The results suggest that PCDDs and PCDFs are not responsible for the mixed function oxidase induction observed. Handling stress caused rapid reduction of the plasma steroids testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, confounding any possible BKME effect.

NEW LIPOPHILIC COMPONENTS OF PITCH DEPOSITS FROM ANEUCALYPTUS GLOBULUSECF BLEACHED KRAFT PULP MILL

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen S. R. Freire ◽  
Armando J. D. Silvestre ◽  
Cláudia C. L. Pereira ◽  
Carlos Pascoal Neto ◽  
José A. S. Cavaleiro
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp
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