Flux of PCBs into Water in Little Lake, Peterborough, Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Metcalfe ◽  
M.L. Ferguson ◽  
T.L. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Total Flux ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Microcosm Study ◽  
Laboratory Microcosm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Calculated Flux

Abstract The Otonabee River downstream of Peterborough, Ontario, has been contaminated with PCBs as a result of a history of industrial discharges into Little Lake. It has been suggested that downstream sites have become contaminated as a result of desorption of PCBs from contaminated Little Lake sediments, In a laboratory microcosm study, the PCB flux from Little Lake sediments into water was calculated to be 0.4 µg/m2/d, which, when extrapolated to the sediment area of Little Lake, corresponds to a total PCB flux of 0.09 g/d. However, from analysis of water samples upstream and downstream of Little Lake, the total flux of PCBs from Little Lake was calculated to be 13.2 g/d. This discrepancy between calculated flux rates indicates that either the laboratory microcosm study underestimated PCB flux, or there is another source of PCBs in Little Lake other than contaminated sediments. The preponderance of highly chlorinated PCB congeners in water samples collected downstream of Little Lake lends support to the latter hypothesis.

Concluding remarks

1977 ◽  
Vol 280 (972) ◽  
pp. 373-374
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Great Range ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheets

The conclusion of this two day meeting finds us with a very great deal on which we may congratulate ourselves. In the first place there is the extremely large attendance, embracing scientists of all ages, and graced and illuminated by the attendance of many overseas colleagues of experience and distinction. In the second place we have the great range of scientific disciplines that are now applied to our field of study, many now extremely sophisticated, and the corresponding extension of Quaternary Studies into fields of evidence not hitherto exploited. In the early days of palynology of laminated lake sediments one could write of deciphering the ‘annals of the lakes’, but beginning by reading the record of lakes, peat bogs, coastal, fluviatile, glacial and periglacial geology, we have progressed to translating the long and detailed records of the deep oceans, and now the encapsulated history of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. We have been introduced to the marvellous potential of the great CLIMAP Project, and all [biologists in the British Isles at least will now have to consider whether their hypotheses of past biotic history satisfy the new principle that we can all see emerging as ‘McIntyre’s Gate’.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Process Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Pectoral Spine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Highly Correlated

<em>Abstract</em>.—Natural chemical markers in otoliths and fin rays have proven useful for retrospectively describing environmental history of fishes in a variety of environments. However, no studies have applied this technique to catfishes or evaluated catfish pectoral spine chemistry as a nonlethal alternative to otolith chemistry. We characterized relationships between water, otolith, and pectoral spine (articulating process) chemistry for channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>, flathead catfish <em>Pylodictis olivaris</em>, and blue catfish <em>I. furcatus</em> and determined the accuracy with which fish could be classified to their environment of capture using otolith and pectoral spine chemical signatures. Fish and water samples were collected from nine sites during 2009. Otolith, spine, and water samples were analyzed for Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca; otolith δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C and water δ<sup>18</sup>O were also measured. Water, otolith, and spine Sr:Ca were highly correlated, as were water and otolith δ<sup>18</sup>O. Relationships between water, otolith, and spine chemistry did not differ among species. Otolith Sr:Ca, δ<sup>18</sup>O, and δ<sup>13</sup>C and spine Sr:Ca differed among sites, reflecting geographic differences in water chemistry. Neither otolith nor spine Ba:Ca differed among sites despite intersite differences in water Ba:Ca. Both otolith Sr:Ca, δ<sup>18</sup>O, and δ<sup>13</sup>C and fin spine Sr:Ca classified fish to their environment of capture with a high degree of accuracy, except in the middle and lower Mississippi River where many recent immigrants appeared to be present. Natural chemical signatures in otoliths or pectoral spines will likely be effective for reconstructing environmental history of catfishes when spatial differences in water chemistry are present, enabling investigations of stock mixing and recruitment sources for these species.

The interpretation of some post-Glacial vegetation diversities at different Lake District sites

1965 ◽  
Vol 161 (984) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Large River ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The lake sediments which have been described by Mr Mackereth contain pollen and other plant remains which record the broad outlines of vegetational history. Many pollen diagrams are now available from the one ecologically homogeneous area of the central Lake District; their similarities record the effects of a single type of climate on an area of uniformly ancient rock, while their diversities record the individual history of each drainage basin. The large river valley lakes such as Windermere represent an integration of the many small drainage basins of which the river systems are made up; a simpler ecological picture is presented by the small lakes or tarns. Mackereth’s hypothesis, based on purely chemical evidence, that the lake sediments are derived from a series of soils washed in from the drainage basins, is supported by all the pollen evidence. Two deductions are made from this accepted assumption—first, that radiocarbon assay of the lake muds would be of comparatively little value, since the organic matter in any sample may have originated from a soil and be much older than its date of incorporation in the lake mud, and secondly that the presence of derived pollen from soils must be considered in interpretation of the pollen diagrams. The outline of the ecological history of the Lake District attempted here must therefore be built up by synthesis and comparison, but, as yet, in the absence of radiocarbon dates. The advantages of lake sediments for post-Glacial investigation—to set against their limitations—are that there is no overwhelming local pollen component as in fen or bog peats, and that stratigraphical changes in the sediments provide evidence for major changes in erosion rate, which can be correlated with vegetation changes shown in the pollen diagrams—as can chemical changes related to soil changes in the drainage basins.

Confirmation of the presence of Trichobilharzia by examination of water samples and snails following reports of cases of cercarial dermatitis

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. SCHETS ◽  
W. J. LODDER ◽  
A. M. DE RODA HUSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cercarial Dermatitis ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

SUMMARYIn case of cercarial dermatitis after exposure to fresh water lakes, managers responsible for bathing water quality wish to confirm the presence of Trichobilharzia, which substantiates taking measures to protect bathers from further exposure. A novel approach, including concentration of suspected water samples by filtration and PCR detection of the parasite, is proposed. This approach has been applied to bathing sites with a history of cercarial dermatitis, sampled from 2005 to 2008. Examination of snails, the standard procedure for confirmation of the parasite's presence, and analysis of water samples, appear to be complementary procedures that enhance the chance of parasite detection in implicated bathing water. Water analysis is particularly valuable when snails cannot be found; it confirmed the presence of Trichobilharzia on 25% of sampling days with reported skin conditions and no snails found. PCR of the ToSau3A repeat directly confirmed the parasite in the water. The application of the combination of analysis of water samples and examination of snails is suggested when cases of (presumptive) cercarial dermatitis are reported or when lakes with a history of cercarial dermatitis are inspected prior to the bathing season, in order to guide interventions to prevent (further) cases of swimmers' itch.

History of Lake Glubokoye (Moscow Region) from lake sediments

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Sapelko ◽  
N. N. Smirnov ◽  
K. Szeroczynska ◽  
B. F. Khasanov ◽  
N. G. Bayanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
History Of
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