Fate of selected pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in soil aquifer treatment

Through a series of long-term column experiments, the fate of three common pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac, and indomethacin) and their major phase I metabolites in soil aquifer treatment (SAT) were monitored. CBZ concentration increased by a factor of two (from 37 to ca. 70 ng/L) regardless of the treatment conditions, and its metabolites, 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine (approximately 500 ng/L after SAT) and CBZ-10,11-epoxide (12–42 ng/L after SAT) were not effectively removed after SAT. Our results indicated that some metabolites of pharmaceuticals are present at much higher concentration than the original forms in the SAT effluent, and that some metabolites are more persistent during SAT with a relatively short retention time (i.e., 30 days). The study indicated that more attention should be paid to the formation and fate of metabolites in the water quality management of SAT effluent.

Download Full-text

DYNAMIC SURFACE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Ecology Economy Informatics System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems ◽

10.23885/2500-395x-2021-1-6-144-149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 144-149

Author(s):

N.O. Popovyan ◽

◽

A.B. Usov

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Management ◽

Quality Management System ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Maximum Permissible Level ◽

Dynamic Surface ◽

Treatment Facilities ◽

Reverse Situation

The article examines the interaction of subjects of a two-level hierarchical system. An industrial enterprise discharges wastewater into the river as a result of its work. To prevent the ingress of a large amount of pollutants, water treatment facilities have been installed, the operation of which is regulated by the level of technical support. The state allocates funds to support the activities of the enterprise and regulates the standards for the discharge of pollutants. The interests of both subjects are to maximize their target functional. The article is devoted to the problem of finding optimal control in a mathematical model of water quality management in a dynamic system. Examples of calculations for specific parameters are given. Based on the examples given, we can draw conclusions about the influence of parameters on the system. The type of the emitted substance has the greatest influence on the system, namely the values of such parameters as the initial concentration and the coefficient of non-conservativeness. With long-term interaction, the speed of self-cleaning of the river plays a significant role. At a low level of self-purification of the river, the concentration of substances in the river almost reaches the maximum permissible level. The deterioration of the environmental situation leads to losses on the part of the Host. The reverse situation allows us to continue cooperation in the future, while receiving a greater gain. Also, the winnings of the subjects significantly depend on the volume of investments.

Download Full-text