Staphylococci in Polluted Waters and in Waters of Uninhabited Areas

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Ahtiainen ◽  
Maarit Niemi ◽  
Hannele Jousimies-Somer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Polluted Waters

The aim was to study the occurrence of staphylococci in southern Finland using both the modified Vogel-Johnson (VJP) and the M-5LSMA media in the MF technique. The study involved brooks and small lakes in uninhabited areas and sparsely populated farming areas as well as effluents from sewage treatment plants. Fecal indicator bacteria were determined simultaneously in all these samples. Median colony counts on both of the staphylococcal media in 100 mL samples were 1 to 2 for uninhabited areas, 60 to 110 for agricultural areas and 1000 to 1600 for treated wastewater. The maximum values were much higher in all the environments. The M-5LSMA recovered at least as many staphylococci as the VJP medium, but was more selective. Strains isolated from pristine waters and from wastewater were identified with the API 20 Staph kit. Six different species of staphylococci were recovered on the VJP medium and ten on the M-5LSMA medium. About one third of the isolates could not be identified to species level. Only 2% of the isolates from wastewater were Staphylococcus aureus whereas 18 % of the isolates from uninhabited areas belonged to this species. The identification was confirmed with the coagulase and DNAse tests.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Analysis in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łój-Pilch ◽  
Anita Zakrzewska ◽  
Ewa Zielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

Risk management, an aspect of which is risk assessment, is a process supporting the proper function of municipal sewage treatment plants. Many factors affect the quality of treated wastewater. Risk assessment, its analysis, and hierarchization permit the elimination of events with the most destructive impacts on the purification process.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Using Landfill Biogas for Heating Agricultural Greenhouses in Crete-Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Direct Emission ◽  
Large Heat ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Energy Exploitation ◽  
Landfill Biogas

Biogas is currently produced in Crete-Greece from the two existing landfills in the island, as well as from the sewage treatment plants in Chania and Heraklion. Biogas produced in the two treatment plants is already used for co-generation of heat and power. However, since the quantities of landfills biogas and its energy content are significant, it can be used in the future either for heat production or for heat and power generation. Generated power can be fed into the grid and the produced heat can be used from a heat consumer. Since large heat consumers are not located nearby the existing landfills, there is the possibility for the creation of agricultural greenhouses in the surrounding agricultural areas which can utilize the generated heat. Landfill in Heraklion has an average biogas production of 1.43x107 NM3/year, almost five times higher than the landfill in Chania and the totally recoverable biogas from the two landfills can generate 16.73 GWh/year of electricity, in the case of a CHP plant, and enough heat for heating 15.4 hectares of modern greenhouses. In the case of direct heat generation, recoverable landfill biogas can heat 24.41 hectares of modern greenhouses. Since the global warming potential of methane is much higher than CO2, energy exploitation of landfills biogas in Crete will result in environmental benefits compared with its direct emission to the atmosphere.

Removal of indicator bacteria, human enteric viruses, Giardia cysts, and Cryptosporidium oocysts at a large wastewater primary treatment facility

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Robert Plante ◽  
Patrick Cejka
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
Giardia Cysts

Pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria occurrence and removal were studied for a period of 6 months at the Montreal Urban Community wastewater treatment facility. With a capacity of about 7.6 million cubic metres per day (two billion U.S. gallons per day), it is the largest primary physico-chemical treatment plant in America. The plant discharges a nondisinfected effluent containing about 20 mg/L of suspended matter and 0.5 mg/L of total phosphorus on the basis of average annual concentrations. BDO5 (annual mean) is 75 mg/L before treatment and 32 mg/L after treatment. Samples were collected for a period of 6 months, and they demonstrated that the plant was not efficient at removing indicator bacteria and the pathogens tested. Fecal coliforms were the most numerous of the indicator bacteria and their removal averaged 25%. Fecal streptococci removal was 29%, while Escherichia coli removal was 12%. In untreated sewage, fecal coliforms, E. coli, and human enteric viruses were more numerous in summer and early autumn. Fecal streptococci counts remained relatively similar throughout the period. Clostridium perfringens removal averaged 51%. Giardia cysts levels were not markedly different throughout the study period, and 76% of the cysts were removed by treatment. Cryptosporidium oocyst counts were erratic, probably due to the methods, and removal was 27%. Human enteric viruses were detected in all samples of raw and treated wastewater with no removal observed (0%). Overall, the plant did not perform well for the removal of fecal indicator bacteria, human enteric viruses, or parasite cysts. Supplementary treatment and disinfection were recommended to protect public health. Various alternatives are being evaluated.

scholarly journals Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in sewage treatment plants in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateh Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Katouli ◽  
Mohammad R. Pourshafie
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains have been commonly found in hospitals and communities causing wide ranges of infections among humans and animals. Typing of these strains is a key factor to reveal their clonal dissemination in different regions. We investigated the prevalence and dissemination of different clonal groups of S. aureus with resistance phenotype to multiple antibiotics in two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Tehran, Iran over four sampling occasions. A total of 576 S. aureus were isolated from the inlet, sludge and outlet. Of these, 80 were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and were further characterized using a combination of Phene Plate (PhP) typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), ccr types, prophage and antibiotic-resistant profiling. In all, eight common type (CT) and 13 single PhP type were identified in both STPs, with one major CT accounting for 38.8% of the MRSA strains. These strains belonged to three prophage patterns and five prophage types with SCCmec type III being the predominant type. Resistance to 11 out of the 17 antibiotics tested was significantly (P < 0.0059) higher among the MRSA isolates than methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains. The persistence of the strains in samples collected from the outlet of both STPs was 31.9% for MRSA and 23.1% for MSSA. These data indicated that while the sewage treatment process, in general, is still useful for removing most MRSA populations, some strains with SCCmec type III may have a better ability to survive the STP process.

scholarly journals Changes in the quality of a small lowland river in Poland under the influence of pollution and a dam reservoir located in its course

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Donat Hansz ◽  
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractThe study on a small lowland river was conducted in order to determine changes in water quality under external loading (inflow of treated wastewater, runoff from agricultural areas) and the location of a dam reservoir in its course. The 21 km long River Pogona (Greater Poland, Poland) is a small tributary of the Obra Canal in Kościan. In 2004, in its valley, the Jeżewo Reservoir, with an area of 78 ha, was utilized to supply the flow in the Obra Canal during the dry season and to irrigate agricultural areas. The river is also a receiver of treated sewage from the sewage treatment plant in Karolewo. The research, carried out in 2017 at six sampling stations in its course, showed that the discharge of treated wastewater resulted in an increase in conductivity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrites and total nitrogen in the waters of the River Pogona. On the other hand, the location of the Jeżewo Reservoir in its course contributed to an increase in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and nitrite concentration in the outflowing river. The results showed that the inflow of treated wastewater from the sewage treatment plant, surface runoff from the catchment area and the Jeżewo Reservoir formed in its course, influenced seasonal and spatial changes in the water quality of the River Pogona.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT FACILITIES CITIES OF TERNOPIL BY THE COMPLEX OF HYDROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE RIVER SERET

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
V. Pashnyuk ◽  
O. Myakush ◽  
L. Sysa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The City

Introduction. The quality of wastewater treatment in settlements is an important task of our time. To assess the efficiency of treatment plants in a particular city often use the hydrochemical parameters of the reservoir into which the treated wastewater is discharged. The paper describes the modern sewerage system of the city of Ternopil and the technological process of operation of citywide sewage treatment plants (STP). The purpose of the work is to find out how effectively the Ternopil STP work and whether their activity poses a danger to the Seret River and the inhabitants of coastal settlements. Methods. Hydrochemical parameters of these water samples were studied in the laboratory according to appropriate regulatory methods. Potentiometric, gravimetric, photometric and other methods of chemical analysis were used for research. Results of the research. 2 samples of water from the river Seret were taken for laboratory research. One sample was taken upstream near the outlet of the drain pipes of these structures, the second sample - downstream. Based on the obtained numerical results of the analyzes, the efficiency of the city's treatment facilities was assessed. It is shown that the overall water quality in the Seret River downstream after the discharge of the city's wastewater treatment  plants is satisfactory. The levels of nitrates and phosphates in the studied samples are almost on the border of the MPC, but this is not necessarily due to the poor performance of the city's treatment facilities. There are many agricultural lands on the banks of the river, which often use nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Significant exceeding of the limit value for chemical oxygen consumption can be explained by the warm season (September). At this time, a lot of biological organic matter has accumulated in natural reservoirs. Conclusions. As a result of researches it is established that treatment facil-ities of the city of Ternopil work in a regular mode and provide sufficient sewage treatment. According to open sources, the annual dynamics of the mentioned treatment facilities is shown. As a result, it has been found that since 2017, the efficiency of the city's wastewater treatment at sewage treatment plants remains stable. Such indicators testify to the sufficient efficiency of the treatment facilities of the Ternopilvodokanal utility company.

Impact of sewage treatment plants and combined sewer overflow basins on the microbiological quality of surface water

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rechenburg ◽  
Ch. Koch ◽  
Th. Claßen ◽  
Th. Kistemann
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Indicators ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Combined Sewage Overflow

In a small river catchment, microbiological quality of different sewage treatment plants under regular conditions and in case of heavy rainfall, when combined sewage overflow basins (CSOs) are activated, was examined regarding microbial indicators and pathogens. In the watercourse, no self-cleaning effects could be observed. Small compact treatment plants discharge treated wastewater with a poor microbiological quality compared to river water quality and the quality of treated wastewater of larger plants. During storm water events, concentrations of microorganisms downstream of sewer overflows were approximately two logs higher than during dry weather conditions. Concentrations of parasites decreased slowly during the overflow, in parallel to filterable matter and particle-bound substances. The annual load of microorganisms originating from CSOs significantly exceeds the load from treated effluent of the sewage plants. Thus, an improved hygienic quality of the water course could be achieved by preventing overflows and by enhancing sewage treatment plants.

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