scholarly journals Objects, Histories and Encounters

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Botany ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
The 19Th Century

Balata or bullet tree of Guiana was known as one of the finest forest trees of British Guiana. This paper is based on reports from the 19th and 20th centuries (mainly from George Jenman and Everard im Thurn), publications, newspapers, and correspondence on British Guiana’s balata, a rubber-like material. These references were cross-referenced with objects related to balata that are now preserved at the collection of Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, as well as with contemporary reports from Guyanese Amerindian. By doing this, a more precise image of this less known rubber material from Guyana came forth, as well as the issues and histories behind it, namely the cross-cultural encounters, the objects significance and their context, and how the colony was managed. Despite the fact that balata was seen, during the last years of the 19th century, as an alternative commodity and a possible answer to the sugar crisis, not much was done to improve its trade.

The identity of John Rattray, diatomist and collector on the Buccaneer expedition (1885–1886) to West Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 408 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
ESTRELA FIGUEIREDO ◽  
DAVID WILLIAMS ◽  
GIDEON F. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
West African ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
The 19Th Century

Herbarium records show that during the second half of the 19th century John Rattray collected several plant specimens at ports of call along the West African coast (Canary Islands, Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana, São Tomé, Príncipe, and Angola). At the herbarium (K) of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, four such specimens are databased, three of which can be examined online. At the herbarium (E) of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland, 26 specimens are databased, twenty of which are imaged. All the specimens we examined have printed labels stating ‘Collected by John Rattray, H.M. Challenger Commission, Edinburgh’ with only a handwritten indication of the locality, for example ‘Loanda’ (Luanda, Angola). The collecting date has been omitted from the labels and there are no further details on the specimens. An investigation of the literature revealed that there is some confusion regarding the origin of the material and the identity of John Rattray, the collector.

scholarly journals The Northern Lads :

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Ron McEwen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
Disproportionate Number

It is well known that a disproportionate number of plant collectors for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in the late 18th and 19th centuries were Scottish gardeners. Another important source of plants for Kew in its early days were the specialist London plant nurseries that were run by Scots. Less well known is the preponderance of Scots found in other areas of Kew’s work – gardeners in charge of the botanic garden, curators of various departments and gardeners who transferred to colonial botanic gardens. This Scottish phenomenon was not unique to Kew: it was found in other botanical and non-botanical institutions in London and the provinces. This paper charts the extent of the phenomenon and, on the basis of 18th- and 19th-century sources, analyses its causes.

scholarly journals Religious Ferment among the Indians of British Guiana at the Turn of the 19th Century

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 97-125
Author(s):  
Aleksander Posern-Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Abstract Description ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article is a the historical overview of local socio-religious syncretic movements in Guiana. Both protestant Christianization and the complex colonization process that resulted in Dutch and British presence were crucial to the emergence of these new ideas. First syncretic beliefs linked the figure of Christ with a local mythical being called Makunaima. This kind of belief appears to start in 1840's with the Awakaipu, a native man who was able to gather some followers. By the end of the 19th Century roots of a new religious movement, named the Hallelujah, started to develop independently. English abstract/description written by Michał Gilewski

scholarly journals Understand Cross-Cultural Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Rex
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
English Word ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Identical Series ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cross Cultural Analysis

Cross-cultural analysis could be a very perplexing field to understand withmany different viewpoints, aims and concepts. The origins of cross-culturalanalysis in the 19th century world of colonialism was strongly grounded inthe concept of cultural evolution, which claimed that all societies progressthrough an identical series of distinct evolutionary stages. The origin of theword culture comes from the Latin verb colere = "tend, guard, cultivate,till". This concept is a human construct rather than a product of nature. Theuse of the English word in the sense of "cultivation through education" isfirst recorded in 1510. The use of the word to mean "the intellectual side ofcivilization" is from 1805; that of "collective customs and achievements of apeople" is from 1867. The term Culture shock was first used in 1940.

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