scholarly journals ANTROPOLOGÍA, VISUALIDAD Y REFRACCIÓN: UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LAS REPRESENTACIONES DE GÉNERO EN HOLLYWOOD BAJO EL CÓDIGO HAYS (1940-1968) / ANTHROPOLOGY, VISUALITY AND REFRACTION: AN APPROACH ON GENDER REPRESENTATIONS IN HOLLYWOOD CINEMA BY THE HAYS CODE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Grau Rebollo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Cultural Narrative ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Hollywood Cinema ◽  
Production Code ◽  
American Society ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Hays Code

O Motion Picture Production Code, mais conhecido como “Código Hays”, surgiu nos Estados Unidos nos anos de 1930, prolongando-se até finais da década de 1960. Durante esse período, a produção cinematográfica precisou se adaptar a determinadas noções de moralidade que forçaram os profissionais de Hollywood a buscarem estratégias refrativas para mostrar, por meio de distorção, aquilo que não era possível visualizar de outra maneira. Paralelamente, a fixação de certos modelos de gênero na sociedade americana do período se mostra rastreável através de uma forma específica de narrativa cultural, a ficção cinematográfica, que permite identificar tanto os arquétipos que servem de base ideológica às representações de gênero quanto eventuais espaços de dissensão e contramodelos. Isso tudo transforma o cinema de ficção em uma fonte valiosa para a antropologia audiovisual.ABSTRACTMotion Picture Production Code, better known as the “Hays Code” was enhanced in the 1930s United States and lasted until the end of the 1960s. During those years, film production had to observe certain notions about morality that forced Hollywood professionals to use refractive strategies to show – through distortion – situations that could not be otherwise represented. Also, certain gender models among the American society at that time are nowadays traceable through a specific cultural narrative: film fiction. Fiction allows the researcher to identify basic ideological archetypes for gender representations as well as possible spaces for dissention or counter-models. All together turns fiction films into a highly valuable source for audiovisual anthropology.

Enforcing Heterosexuality: Adapting Lillian Hellman’s ‘The Children’s Hour’ for the screen

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Glass
Keyword(s):  
Motion Picture ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Queer People ◽  
Production Code ◽  
The 1960S

The Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 banned homosexuality from the screen. This paper uses two films as a case study of the Code's impact on Hollywood's depiction of homosexuality. Both These Three (1936) and The Children's Hour (1961) were adaptations of Lillian Hellman's play in which two single female teachers have their lives ruined by a lie that the women were lesbians. With the first the Code's impact was pervasive. The PCA dictated that the accusations of lesbianism be omitted. By the 1960s, the PCA was relaxing its ban so a film could be made that retained the play's lesbian content. This paper argues that the Production Code was Hollywood's means of enforcing heterosexuality and that, even in the era when the Code's influence was waning, the necessity of maintaining heterosexuality as society's norm still governed how movies (mis)represented the lives of queer people.

United States Vagrancy Laws

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa L. Goluboff ◽  
Adam Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
American Law ◽  
American Society ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Many ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The Unemployed

The crime of vagrancy has deep historical roots in American law and legal culture. Originating in 16th-century England, vagrancy laws came to the New World with the colonists and soon proliferated throughout the British colonies and, later, the United States. Vagrancy laws took myriad forms, generally making it a crime to be poor, idle, dissolute, immoral, drunk, lewd, or suspicious. Vagrancy laws often included prohibitions on loitering—wandering around without any apparent lawful purpose—though some jurisdictions criminalized loitering separately. Taken together, vaguely worded vagrancy, loitering, and suspicious persons laws targeted objectionable “out of place” people rather than any particular conduct. They served as a ubiquitous tool for maintaining hierarchy and order in American society. Their application changed alongside perceived threats to the social fabric, at different times and places targeting the unemployed, labor activists, radical orators, cultural and sexual nonconformists, racial and religious minorities, civil rights protesters, and the poor. By the mid-20th century, vagrancy laws served as the basis for hundreds of thousands of arrests every year. But over the course of just two decades, the crime of vagrancy, virtually unquestioned for four hundred years, unraveled. Profound social upheaval in the 1960s produced a concerted effort against the vagrancy regime, and in 1972, the US Supreme Court invalidated the laws. Local authorities have spent the years since looking for alternatives to the many functions vagrancy laws once served.

Persistent pedestrianism: urban walking in motor age America, 1920s–1960s

Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Peter Norton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Car Culture ◽  
American Society ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Generalizations about ‘car culture’ in the United States, and about American's ‘love affair with the automobile’, have concealed persistent values and practices among millions of Americans that do not suit such stereotypes. Car culture and the car's attractions are not denied. American society, however, is a complex of numerous subcultures, including many that resented and resisted the automobile's growing priority during the twentieth century. Such groups’ resistance to automobile domination has been neglected. Persistent advocacy for pedestrians’ interests is illustrated through numerous examples from the 1920s to the 1960s, the decades when ‘car culture’ rose to its apogee.

Having Their Say, Leaving Their Mark

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Adolphus G. Belk ◽  
Robert C. Smith ◽  
Sherri L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Independent Organization

In general, the founders of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists were “movement people.” Powerful agents of socialization such as the uprisings of the 1960s molded them into scholars with tremendous resolve to tackle systemic inequalities in the political science discipline. In forming NCOBPS as an independent organization, many sought to develop a Black perspective in political science to push the boundaries of knowledge and to use that scholarship to ameliorate the adverse conditions confronting Black people in the United States and around the globe. This paper utilizes historical documents, speeches, interviews, and other scholarly works to detail the lasting contributions of the founders and Black political scientists to the discipline, paying particular attention to their scholarship, teaching, mentoring, and civic engagement. It finds that while political science is much improved as a result of their efforts, there is still work to do if their goals are to be achieved.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Valls
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Color Blind ◽  
American Society ◽  
Liberal Political Theory

The persistence of racial inequality in the United States raises deep and complex questions of racial justice. Some observers argue that public policy must be “color-blind,” while others argue that policies that take race into account should be defended on grounds of diversity or integration. This chapter begins to sketch an alternative to both of these, one that supports strong efforts to address racial inequality but that focuses on the conditions necessary for the liberty and equality of all. It argues that while race is a social construction, it remains deeply embedded in American society. A conception of racial justice is needed, one that is grounded on the premises provided by liberal political theory.

Japanese Reinvention of Self through Hawai‘i’s Japanese Americans

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Yaguchi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
Modern Japanese History ◽  
American Society

This article investigates the relationship between Asian American and modern Japanese history by analyzing the image of Japanese Americans in postwar Japan. Based on a book of photographs featuring Japanese immigrants in Hawai‘i published in 1956, it analyzes how their image was appropriated and redefined in Japan to promote as well as reinforce the nation’s political and cultural alliance with the United States. The photographs showed the successful acculturation of Japanese in Hawai‘i to the larger American society and urged the Japanese audience to see that their nation’s postwar reconstruction would come through the power and protection of the United States. Japanese Americans in Hawai‘i served as a lens through which the Japanese in Japan could imagine their position under American hegemony in the age of Cold War.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document