ANALYSIS OF THE CARDIOPULMONARY ENDURANCE RESPONSE OF WOMEN TO AEROBIC EXERCISE

ABSTRACT Introduction: The main purpose of aerobic exercise is to enhance cardiopulmonary endurance, so it is necessary to build cardiopulmonary endurance response models based on different frequencies of aerobic exercise. Objective: To study the cardiopulmonary endurance response of women to different frequencies of aerobic exercise. Methods: Twenty young female desk workers (female teachers and civil servants) who worked out at a fitness club were randomly divided into two groups. Cardiopulmonary function, both before and after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise at different exercise loads, was studied and analyzed. Results: After 16 weeks of aerobic exercise at different exercise loads, all the young women had significantly improved their vital capacity (VC), and their maximum oxygen uptake ability was improved to a certain extent. Compared with the 45-minute aerobic exercise group, the vital capacity (VC)of 90-minute aerobic exercise group was significantly increased (P>0.05). Conclusions: When performed at a consistent frequency level, aerobic exercise with a relatively high exercise load can better develop the body’s respiratory system function. This may be due to deep stimulation of the respiratory system from high-load aerobic exercise, and ultimately to the intensive exercising of lung function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Attitudes of primary school teachers towards e-learning in teaching Arabic and the obstacles they face

The study aimed to identify the trends of primary stage laborers towards e-learning in teaching the Arabic language, and the obstacles they face from their point of view. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, and the study population consisted of (170) male and female teachers working in public schools in Jerash governorate. The study sample (75) male and female teachers, who were chosen randomly. The results of the study showed that the attitudes of primary school teachers towards e-learning came at a positive level, with an arithmetic average (3.61), and the obstacles facing primary school teachers in e-learning came with a high degree, with an arithmetic average (3.84). The study recommended giving attention to providing electronic learning tools to include all schools, connecting all schools to the Internet and providing computers in proportion to the number of students in schools, and the study also recommended the necessity of dissolving all obstacles in e-learning, in terms of providing Internet labs in schools in proportion to the number of students and courses Scholastic.

Psychological and Occupational Pressure Among Female Teachers in Light of the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic and Coping Strategies

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study aims at identifying the level of psychological and professional stress in light of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. It adopted descriptive and analytical methodologies. Two scales were prepared: one scale for psychological and professional stress and the other for coping with psychological and professional pressures. The study sample consisted of 608 female teachers at public schools in Al-Kharj province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The results show a moderate level of psychological and professional stresses. The findings show statistically significant differences in teaching experience variable. The differences were in favour of female teachers with experience of less than 5 years. However, no statistically significant differences were found on the variable of academic qualification. It was found that female teachers had followed strategies to cope with psychological and professional stresses including resorting to faith, connecting with other teachers and students, planning different strategies, seeking help from others and managing time. The study recommends arranging training courses for female teachers to develop remote teaching skills and using various technologies and applications in this field particularly during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</p>

A Suggested Proposal to Develop Distance Learning Programs in Border Schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The aim of this research is to find a proposed vision for developing distance education programs in border schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to explore the reality of the proposed educational programs for developing distance education programs. In order to achieve the research objectives, the descriptive and analytical approach was used for its suitability for this research, as the questionnaire was used as a research tool. The research sample consisted of (150) female teachers from border schools. The results of the research revealed that the reality of female teachers &rsquo;practice on distance learning programs in border schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is central. And that the use of technology is the most important requirement for developing distance education programs in border schools from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results also showed the achievement of leadership in diversifying and developing teaching and learning methods through the distance education system based on employing modern information and communication technology, equipping schools with all technological equipment, and supporting students with modern equipment and teachers with modern training to achieve the goals of distance education. In light of the results, the research paper presented a proposal for developing distance education programs in border schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The Degree of Application of Educational Administrative Accountability by the Principals of Special Education Centers and its Relationship to Some Variables from Teachers’ Perspective

This study aimed to define the degree of application of educational administrative accountability by the principals of special education centers and its relationship to some variables from the teachers' perspective in Amman. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. The study sample consisted of (85) male and female teachers, who were chosen randomly. A measure of administrative accountability in educational systems was developed consisting of four areas namely, students, teachers, goals, innovation, and creativity. Findings revealed that the degree of application of educational administrative accountability by the principals of special education centers came to a medium degree and in all its fields, and there were no differences in the degree of application of educational administrative accountability by the principal of special education centers attributed to the variables of gender and educational level. Received: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 15 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Impact of Leadership Empowerment on Job Satisfaction of Female Teachers of Girls Colleges of Sindh Mediated by Work Engagement

Purpose- This study aims to determine the role of leadership empowerment and work engagement in predicting job satisfaction of female teachers of Government Girls Colleges of Sindh, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach- The study has utilized survey questionnaire consist of 36 items to collect data from 360 female faculty members of Government Girls Degree Colleges of Sindh. Findings- The data was analyzed by using SPSS for descriptive analysis and Smart PLS software was used to extract the inferential statistics. The results have confirmed the research objectives and answered all research questions for addressing the problem statement. Thus all the hypotheses were found supported. The work engagement was predicted by leadership empowerment at the rate of 29% and job satisfaction was predicted by leadership empowerment at the rate of 32%. Thus the work engagement has played a role of partial mediation. Originality/Value- Job satisfaction considered as most researched job outcome in HR. In service sector the female teachers job satisfaction has not attain serious efforts of researchers and management of girl’s colleges to address their problems effectively. In this context, this study has figured out possible solution of female teachers’ problems.

The Reality of Distance Assessment, in the Shadow of Corona Pandemic, from the Point of View of Teachers

This study sheds light on The Reality of Distance Assessment, in the Shadow of Corona Pandemic, from the Point of View of Teachers. The study sought to identify the criteria of assessing the distance learning, their requirements, and the steps of designing the distance assessment; in addition to identifying the tools and methods of distance assessment, and the characteristics of each tool. Finally, the study presented a suggested model for assessment, in the shadow of the emergent circumstances. This model depends on the philosophy of the modern educational theories and the givens of the twenty-first century and its skills. The researcher adopted the explanatory scientific method that uses knowledge to explain the phenomena and things via a group of connected concepts that are called theories. Then, adopting the descriptive method, as the researcher has designed a questionnaire that consists of (20) points, distributed on (120) male and female teachers in Lewaa Marka to know the opinions and approaches of the teaching staff about the methods and strategies of distance assessment. The responses of the study sample on the point of "to what extent the study sample knows about the methods and strategies of distance assessment" were average, while the responses of the study sample on the point of "the practical application of the distance assessment process" were weak and low.

OBSTACLES OF APPLYING SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ OF FUTURE SKILLS IN BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TEACHERS AND EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISORS

This study aimed to show the obstacles that prevent the employment of science and mathematics teachers in employing future skills in basic education schools. A sample of (157) male and female teachers, and (51) supervisors. The results of the study revealed that the degree of obstacles faced by science and mathematics teachers in employing future skills in basic education schools in the Sultanate of Oman. From the point of view of teachers and educational supervisors, it came to a large extent with an arithmetic mean (3,64). The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the average degree of obstacles due to job variables, while the results indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between The average degree of obstacles is due to the variable of specialization in favor of mathematics teachers. The researchers recommended the necessity of urging teachers to apply modern teaching strategies and assessment activities that focus on future skills, and to reduce administrative burdens on teachers.