A Framework for Sustainable Tourism Development in and around National Parks

The proliferation of tourism to U.S. national parks yields increasing demands for service and conservation programs that are well-matched with the broadening view of sustainability management in and around PPAs. As such, there is a critical need for research regarding holistic perspectives on planning and monitoring sustainable development. The Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) is a non-profit, independent organization that develops and manages global baseline standards for sustainable travel and tourism, known as the GSTC Criteria. The GSTC Destination Criteria have not been widely applied to PPAs, yet these criteria may offer a useful guiding framework for sustainable tourism development in PPAs. Therefore, this study explores the utility of the GSTC Destination Criteria as a tool for assisting managers at Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) in developing a destination-level sustainability plan. In August 2018, we conducted a sustainability evaluation using the GSTC Destination Criteria. Specific areas of success and improvement were identified, and park managers are using this information to improve the park’s strategic plan. The results of this evaluation are reviewed and critiqued within our broader assessment of the utility of the GSTC Destination Criteria in national park planning.

Accreditation program for gastrointestinal endoscopes reprocessing in Italy: An on-site survey

Background and study aims Endoscope reprocessing has been associated with a variable failure rate. Our aim was to present an overview on current practices for reprocessing in Italian facilities and discuss the principle critical points. Methods In 2014 the Italian Society for Digestive Diseases implemented an accreditation program in collaboration with an independent organization for certification and with the Italian Association for Endoscopy Technical Operators. During a 1-day site visit of the endoscopy center, two endoscopists, one nurse, and the representative of the certification body evaluated the endoscope reprocessing. Results As of July 1, 2020, 28 endoscopy centers had been accredited. Ten centers are completing the measures to correct deficiencies found at the visit. Three centers withdrew from the program. The accreditation program has found variations between the various centers, confirming the poor compliance with guidelines. Major deviations from the standards, established by the model before the site visit according to national and international guidelines, concerned instrument cleaning (44.7 % of the centers), instrument storage (23.7 %), and microbiological tests (31.6 %). Conclusions Our overview demonstrated the lack of many reprocessing phases, which are important to prevent endoscopy-associated infections. Accreditation can achieve a transformation in quality and safety of reprocessing with the Italian centrally-led approach.

KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP ORGANISASI OLAHRAGA PSSI

The existence of the PSSI organization in Indonesia has its own uniqueness. This uniqueness can be seen from their status as members of FIFA in the international world and as a sports organization that has the status as a legal entity in the country of Indonesia whose existence is a member of the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI). In the concept of this scientific paper using the normative juridical research method. As well as using data collection techniques carried out using descriptive analysis techniques, with secondary data sources, which include primary legal materials such as laws and regulations relating to the statute and position of PSSI both in Koni membership and in FIFA membership. The PSSI statutes also explain the existence of PSSI as a member of FIFA, so the existence of the PSSI statute explains that the existence of PSSI in Indonesia is an independent organization and its existence as a member of FIFA, so that the regulations established by PSSI are based on rules made by FIFA. In Indonesia, PSSI is a sports organization, this existence is based on the provisions in Article 35 paragraph (1) of the Act No. 3 of 2005 concerning the National Sports System, namely "in sports management, the community can form a sports branch organization". However, the existence of sports organizations in Indonesia is also coordinated with the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI).

EXERCISES FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS-PHILOLOGISTS SKILLS TO UNDERSTAND VARIANTS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE IN THE PROCESS OF READING

The article discusses possible strategies forteaching reading the texts in German for students of philology.The methodological literature and the experience of scientistsin the field of developing the competence in reading have been considered. A set of exercises for teaching understanding ofvariants of German is presented. The application of a set ofexercises aimed at teaching such receptive type of speechactivity as reading provides the organization of independentwork of students of Philology in order to understand the variantsof the German language in the process of reading. The formationof skills and abilities covers the following stages: preparatory,executive, as well as the stage of text reflection.The stages identify the types of exercises that are relevantboth for mastering foreign language material and improvingcommunication skills in reading. The article offers ways tooptimize the independent work of students of Philology in orderto improve the learning process of mastering communicativecompetence in the process of reading authentic texts in German.The author focuses on lexical items for Austrian and SwissGerman, provides interactive exercises on the Learning Apps.Attention is focused on the independent organization of teachingreading to students of Philology. The author presents thelinguistic and cultural information of the German-speakingcountries: Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It is recommendedto do the set of tasks both during the classroom training andas a selfstudy activity using information and communicationtechnologies.

Retrospective analysis and forecasts of raiding in Kazakhstan

Under the conditions of the modern market economy in Kazakhstan, criminals actively use the mechanism of raider seizures of firms and enterprises. Despite the fact that raiding was popular in the 20th century, it is currently changing, the methods of raider seizures are improving, and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between them and civil disputes. Modern practice shows that imperfect legislation, especially legislative gaps, is widely used for raider seizures. The article analyzes the emergence of raiding in Kazakhstan, its development, the current state, and also displays government measures to counter raiding at all its stages. According to statistical data, there is a low level of law enforcement of the norm providing for liability for raiding, which is an area of intersectoral legal regulation, carried out through the norms of civil, criminal and other branches of law. In some cases, the actions of the raiders can be qualified as a crime or as a civil offense. In this regard, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between corporate disputes and raiding. In addition, we believe that one of the reasons is the imperfection of the design of this article, which ultimately does not sufficiently implement the principle of inevitability of punishment. There are no market mechanisms in Kazakhstan, since most companies are non-public, and control over a company is the result of a combination of legal and illegal means and methods. Based on this, for a start it is necessary to improve the legislation governing the processes of mergers and acquisitions, to create favorable conditions for this. In other words, if we follow foreign experience, we need to simplify some of the ways to legalize, while creating an independent organization that would act as a disinterested link and would ensure the observance of the parties’ rights. Together with these mechanisms, the establishment of a corporate governance system, an increase in the transparency and openness of the activities of companies, the growth of professionalism and managerial discipline of managers will help stabilize the situation.

A Standards Organization for Open and FAIR Neuroscience: the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility

There is great need for coordination around standards and best practices in neuroscience to support efforts to make neuroscience a data-centric discipline. Major brain initiatives launched around the world are poised to generate huge stores of neuroscience data. At the same time, neuroscience, like many domains in biomedicine, is confronting the issues of transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. Widely used, validated standards and best practices are key to addressing the challenges in both big and small data science, as they are essential for integrating diverse data and for developing a robust, effective, and sustainable infrastructure to support open and reproducible neuroscience. However, developing community standards and gaining their adoption is difficult. The current landscape is characterized both by a lack of robust, validated standards and a plethora of overlapping, underdeveloped, untested and underutilized standards and best practices. The International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF), an independent organization dedicated to promoting data sharing through the coordination of infrastructure and standards, has recently implemented a formal procedure for evaluating and endorsing community standards and best practices in support of the FAIR principles. By formally serving as a standards organization dedicated to open and FAIR neuroscience, INCF helps evaluate, promulgate, and coordinate standards and best practices across neuroscience. Here, we provide an overview of the process and discuss how neuroscience can benefit from having a dedicated standards body.

Extremism as a threat to the national security of Somalia

Al Shabaab is the largest militant organization fighting to oust the Somali government and the foreign military presence supporting it.1Al-shabab seeks to control the country in order to establish a society based on its rigid interpretation of Shariah law. Although based in Somalia, Al Shabaab also conducts attacks in neighboring countries, notably Kenya. Al Shabaab emerged as an independent organization around December 2006 after breaking away from the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), for which it had served as the military wing. Since the late 2000s, Al Shabaab has had close ties to Al Qaeda and other external extremism groups and has sought to frame the Somali struggle as part of a global jihadist movement. The group has engaged in bombings, suicide attacks, and armed assaults, especially against Somali government targets, private civilians, Christians, diplomats, foreign troops, and nongovernmental organization or aid workers .

ST PETERSBURG PARENTS’ CIRCLE ON THE CRISIS OF FAMILY EDUCATION IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES AND WAYS TO OVERCOME IT

This article considers the theoretical and practical activities of the socio-pedagogical organization St Petersburg Parents' Circle, which arose at the Pedagogical Museum of Military Educational Institutions and since 1906 has become an independent organization that brought together outstanding teachers, doctors and parents interested in the early development of the child and family education. The members of the Parents’ Circle were convinced that family education was in crisis and sought to disseminate correct ideas about parenting to the general public. The practices of the public pedagogical organization have not yet been sufficiently studied by both domestic and foreign researchers.

Evaluation of the Romanian Defense Industry

The main aim of this article is to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the Romanian Defense Industry and to identify the main solutions for the development of this strategic sector, as well as to identify the most attractive markets in terms of economic viability and investments made in defense sector. To give scientific consistency to the article, the analysis will focus on Romania's situation, to identify the main markets that are attractive to the domestic industry, as well as setting up recommendations for Romanian companies and responsible authorities to develop this strategic domain.The data used in the article is retrieved from the Stockholm International for Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) – www.sipri.org, an independent organization that collects data and information on the defense industry from various states and provides relevant analyses on international arms market developments. Data on exports of military products made by Romania are collected from the website of the ANCEX Control Department under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.ancex.ro). Also, all data used in this material are reported in 2019, the last year available with relevant data regarding defense industry from open sources.

An autoethnographic inquiry into the emergence of new forms and ways of organizing

This paper employs analytic autoethnography within a previous life in an organization and within social science to explore the emergence of new forms and ways of organizing in a new venture that was launched as a branch in an emerging market by an international non-for-profit organization. It responds to extant scarcity of knowledge about internal organization of entrepreneurial ventures as most of research about internal organization of firms comes from the research on large established organizations. In the early stage of new venture emergence, entrepreneurs shall be aware of the interplay between: understanding the new venture socio-politically and cognitively through unsophisticated uncertainty; timing of acquiring socio-political and cognitive legitimacy through legitimation temporaling; shared and non-shared understanding of the value (problem) of the new venture through disguised and true value theorizing; dependent and independent organization through diversifying funding sources; and headquarters and branch visions and missions through dominant logic crisis.