scholarly journals Aromatic-radical oxidation chemistry. Progress report

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Glassman ◽  
K. Brezinsky
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Aromatic Radical ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry

scholarly journals Aromatic-radical oxidation chemistry

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Glassman ◽  
K. Brezinsky
Keyword(s):  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Aromatic Radical ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry

Selective Oxidation Chemistry on Soluble Oxides: A Progress Report

1990 ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. Day ◽  
W. G. Klemperer ◽  
S. P. Lockledge ◽  
D. J. Main ◽  
F. S. Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry

scholarly journals Aromatic-radical oxidation kinetics

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Aromatic Radical

scholarly journals Nighttime and daytime dark oxidation chemistry in wildfire plumes: an observation and model analysis of FIREX-AQ aircraft data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 16293-16317
Author(s):  
Zachary C. J. Decker ◽  
Michael A. Robinson ◽  
Kelley C. Barsanti ◽  
Ilann Bourgeois ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Nitrate Radical ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Wildfires are increasing in size across the western US, leading to increases in human smoke exposure and associated negative health impacts. The impact of biomass burning (BB) smoke, including wildfires, on regional air quality depends on emissions, transport, and chemistry, including oxidation of emitted BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs) by the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrate radical (NO3), and ozone (O3). During the daytime, when light penetrates the plumes, BBVOCs are oxidized mainly by O3 and OH. In contrast, at night or in optically dense plumes, BBVOCs are oxidized mainly by O3 and NO3. This work focuses on the transition between daytime and nighttime oxidation, which has significant implications for the formation of secondary pollutants and loss of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) and has been understudied. We present wildfire plume observations made during FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality), a field campaign involving multiple aircraft, ground, satellite, and mobile platforms that took place in the United States in the summer of 2019 to study both wildfire and agricultural burning emissions and atmospheric chemistry. We use observations from two research aircraft, the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter, with a detailed chemical box model, including updated phenolic mechanisms, to analyze smoke sampled during midday, sunset, and nighttime. Aircraft observations suggest a range of NO3 production rates (0.1–1.5 ppbv h−1) in plumes transported during both midday and after dark. Modeled initial instantaneous reactivity toward BBVOCs for NO3, OH, and O3 is 80.1 %, 87.7 %, and 99.6 %, respectively. Initial NO3 reactivity is 10–104 times greater than typical values in forested or urban environments, and reactions with BBVOCs account for >97 % of NO3 loss in sunlit plumes (jNO2 up to 4×10-3s-1), while conventional photochemical NO3 loss through reaction with NO and photolysis are minor pathways. Alkenes and furans are mostly oxidized by OH and O3 (11 %–43 %, 54 %–88 % for alkenes; 18 %–55 %, 39 %–76 %, for furans, respectively), but phenolic oxidation is split between NO3, O3, and OH (26 %–52 %, 22 %–43 %, 16 %–33 %, respectively). Nitrate radical oxidation accounts for 26 %–52 % of phenolic chemical loss in sunset plumes and in an optically thick plume. Nitrocatechol yields varied between 33 % and 45 %, and NO3 chemistry in BB plumes emitted late in the day is responsible for 72 %–92 % (84 % in an optically thick midday plume) of nitrocatechol formation and controls nitrophenolic formation overall. As a result, overnight nitrophenolic formation pathways account for 56 %±2 % of NOx loss by sunrise the following day. In all but one overnight plume we modeled, there was remaining NOx (13 %–57 %) and BBVOCs (8 %–72 %) at sunrise.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Gas and Particle Phase Products of Aromatic Oxidation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archit Mehra ◽  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Jordan E. Krechmer ◽  
Andrew Lambe ◽  
Francesca Majluf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Trimethyl Benzene ◽  
Propyl Benzene ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. Aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) are key anthropogenic pollutants emitted to the atmosphere and are important for both ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban areas. Recent studies have indicated that aromatic hydrocarbons may follow previously unknown oxidation chemistry pathways, including autoxidation that can lead to the formation of highly oxidised products. In this study we evaluate the gas and particle phase ions formed during the hydroxyl radical oxidation of substituted C9-aromatic isomers (1,3,5-trimethyl benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, propyl benzene and isopropyl benzene) and a substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbon (1-methyl naphthalene) under low and medium NOx conditions. The majority of product signal in both gas and particle phases comes from ions which are common to all precursors, though signal distributions are distinct for different VOCs. Gas and particle phase composition are distinct from one another, and comparison with the near explicit gas phase Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.3.1) highlights a range of missing highly oxidised products in the pathways. In the particle phase, the bulk of product signal from all precursors comes from ring scission ions, many of which have undergone further oxidation to form HOMs. Under perturbation of OH oxidation with increased NOx, the contribution of HOM ion signals to the particle phase signal remains elevated for more substituted aromatic precursors. Up to 25 % of product signal comes from ring-retaining ions including highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs); this is most important for the more substituted aromatics. Unique products are a minor component in these systems, and many of the dominant ions have ion formulae concurrent with other systems, highlighting the challenges in utilising marker ions for SOA.

scholarly journals Nighttime and Daytime Dark Oxidation Chemistry in Wildfire Plumes: An Observation and Model Analysis of FIREX-AQ Aircraft Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary C. J. Decker ◽  
Michael A. Robinson ◽  
Kelley C. Barsanti ◽  
Ilann Bourgeois ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Nitrate Radical ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Wildfires are increasing in size across the western U.S., leading to increases in human smoke exposure and associated negative health impacts. The impact of biomass burning (BB) smoke, including wildfires, on regional air quality depends on emissions, transport, and chemistry, including oxidation of emitted BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs) by the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrate radical (NO3), and ozone (O3). During the daytime, when light penetrates the plumes, BBVOCs are oxidized mainly by O3 and OH. In contrast, at night, or in optically dense plumes, BBVOCs are oxidized mainly by O3 and NO3. This work focuses on the transition between daytime and nighttime oxidation, which has significant implications for the formation of secondary pollutants and loss of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), and has been understudied. We present wildfire plume observations made during FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality), a field campaign involving multiple aircraft, ground, satellite, and mobile platforms that took place in the United States in the summer of 2019 to study both wildfire and agricultural burning emissions and atmospheric chemistry. We use observations from two research aircraft, the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter, with a detailed chemical box model, including updated phenolic mechanisms, to analyze smoke sampled during mid-day, sunset, and nighttime. Aircraft observations suggest a range of NO3 production rates (0.1–1.5 ppbv h−1) in plumes transported both mid-day and after dark. Modeled initial instantaneous reactivity toward BBVOCs for NO3, OH, and O3 is 80.1 %, 87.7 %, 99.6 %, respectively. Initial NO3 reactivity is 10–104 times greater than typical values in forested or urban environments and reactions with BBVOCs account for ≥ 98 % of NO3 loss in sunlit plumes (jNO2 up to 4 x 10–3 s–1), while conventional photochemical NO3 loss through reaction with NO and photolysis are minor pathways. Alkenes and furans are mostly oxidized by OH and O3 (11–43 %, 54–88 % for alkenes; 18–55 %, 39–76 %, for furans, respectively), but phenolic oxidation is split between NO3, O3, and OH (26–52 %, 22–43 %, 16–33 %, respectively). Nitrate radical oxidation accounts for 26–52 % of phenolic chemical loss in sunset plumes and in an optically thick plume. Nitrocatechol yields varied between 33 % and 45 %, and NO3 chemistry in BB plumes emitted late in the day is responsible for 72–92 % (84 % in an optically thick mid-day plume) of nitrocatechol formation and controls nitrophenolic formation overall. As a result, overnight nitrophenolic formation pathways account for 56 ± 2 % of NOx loss by sunrise the following day. In all but one overnight plume we model, there is remaining NOx (13 %–57 %) and BBVOCs (8 %–72 %) at sunrise.

Spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Made In

I should like to give you a very condensed progress report on some spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra made in collaboration with H. Leicher at Bonn. The procedure used is almost completely automatic. The measurements are made with the help of a semi-automatic fully digitized registering microphotometer constructed by Hög-Hamburg. The reductions are carried out with the aid of a number of interconnected programmes written for the computer IBM 7090, beginning with the output of the photometer in the form of punched cards and ending with the printing-out of the final two-dimensional classifications.

Progress report on 21-cm observations at low latitude between longitudes (l 11) 0° and 66°

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
W. W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
Centre Region

In the course of several 21-cm observing programmes being carried out by the Leiden Observatory with the 25-meter telescope at Dwingeloo, a fairly complete, though inhomogeneous, survey of the regionl11= 0° to 66° at low galactic latitudes is becoming available. The essential data on this survey are presented in Table 1. Oort (1967) has given a preliminary report on the first and third investigations. The third is discussed briefly by Kerr in his introductory lecture on the galactic centre region (Paper 42). Burton (1966) has published provisional results of the fifth investigation, and I have discussed the sixth in Paper 19. All of the observations listed in the table have been completed, but we plan to extend investigation 3 to a much finer grid of positions.

A progress report on six year's experience with a flexible, modular dental curriculum

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
DL Allen ◽  
WK Collett
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
Dental Curriculum
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