scholarly journals Design of the beryllium window for Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nayak ◽  
M. Mapes ◽  
D. Raparia
Keyword(s):  
Beryllium Window

scholarly journals Beryllium window and acoustic delay line design for x‐ray lithography beam lines at the University of Wisconsin Center for X‐ray Lithography

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Brodsky ◽  
W. Hamilton ◽  
G. Wells ◽  
F. Cerrina ◽  
M. Corradini
Keyword(s):  
Delay Line ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design For X ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
The University ◽  
Line Design

scholarly journals Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Felber
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Generator ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radium Institute ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
High Voltage Supply ◽  
Energy Discrimination ◽  
Channel Analyzer

A dating system consisting of gas sample counter with internal anticoincidence counter ring, transistorized electronic equipment, and chemical apparatus was developed in the Institute (Felber and Vychytil, 1962; Felber, 1965). A high voltage supply Fluke Model 408B is used. For routine dating, begun in 1965, an improved 2.4 L counter with Teflon insulators is used, shielded on all sides by 20 cm of iron. The counter is run with methane at 760 torr/15°C. Spurious counts are carefully eliminated by a systematic procedure (Felber, 1966). Stability of electronics and counter is checked once a day by taking the topmost part of the peak of Mnα-X-rays following electron capture in Fe-55, radiated through a beryllium window. Checking is done with the same single channel analyzer (switched over to operation with small window) used for energy discrimination (switched over to two discriminator operation) during measurement. If any change should be observed, discriminator settings are corrected. Energy discrimination is not optimized (Felber, 1962) because a neutron generator using (d,t) reaction is run in the same building in which the samples are prepared: the lower discriminator is set above tritium maximum energy at 22 keV, the upper one at 120 keV, the highest possible energy absorption of C14β particles in the special counter. The background is 1.58 cpm, the net contemporary value (95% of NBS oxalic acid standard activity) is ca. 8.8 cpm.

A Twin-Tube 50-Kvp Beryllium-Window X-Ray Unit for Microbial Radiobiology

1965 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Loevinger ◽  
Pieter Huisman
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Beryllium Window

Validation of aGeant4model of the X-ray fluorescence microprobe at the Australian Synchrotron

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Richard Dimmock ◽  
Martin Daly de Jonge ◽  
Daryl Lloyd Howard ◽  
Simon Alexander James ◽  
Robin Kirkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Compton Continuum ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
Spectral Distributions ◽  
Energy Physics

AGeant4Monte Carlo simulation of the X-ray fluorescence microprobe (XFM) end-station at the Australian Synchrotron has been developed. The simulation is required for optimization of the scan configuration and reconstruction algorithms. As part of the simulation process, a Gaussian beam model was developed. Experimental validation of this simulation has tested the efficacy for use of the low-energy physics models inGeant4for this synchrotron-based technique. The observed spectral distributions calculated in the 384 pixel Maia detector, positioned in the standard back-scatter configuration, were compared with those obtained from experiments performed at three incident X-ray beam energies: 18.5, 11.0 and 6.8 keV. The reduced χ-squared (\chi^{2}_{\rm{red}}) was calculated for the scatter and fluorescence regions of the spectra and demonstrates that the simulations successfully reproduce the scatter distributions. Discrepancies were shown to occur in the multiple-scatter tail of the Compton continuum. The model was shown to be particularly sensitive to the impurities present in the beryllium window of the Maia detector and their concentrations were optimized to improve the \chi^{2}_{\rm{red}} parameterization in the low-energy fluorescence regions of the spectra.

Million-Volt Beryllium-Window X-Ray Equipment for Biophysical and Biochemical Research

Radiology ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. T. Ham ◽  
E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
Biochemical Research

The evaluation of the Hitomi (Astro-H)/SXS spare beryllium window in 3.8-30 keV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Hoshino ◽  
Yuki Yoshida ◽  
Shunji Kitamoto ◽  
Ryuichi Fujimoto ◽  
Noriko Y. Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beryllium Window

Beryllium Window for Gamma Rays in a Liquid‐Helium Cryostat

1962 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Heberle
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Helium Cryostat ◽  
Beryllium Window

XRD Acquisition Parameters for Detection of Weak Peaks

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
P. W. Seabaugh ◽  
D. B. Sullenger ◽  
C. R. Hudgens ◽  
M, C. Nichols ◽  
D. R. Boehme
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Sample Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Backing Plate ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
Aluminum Sample ◽  
Cold Rolled

The use of high-intensity, 8Kw, x-ray sources (Rigaku rotating-anode generator and wide - angle goniometer for this study) provides both opportunities and challenges. With high - intensity x-ray sources, detection limits can be lowered significantly while still offering count times of practical duration. On the other hand, the availability of high intensity x-ray sources puts greater demands on information extraction procedures and on the mechanical preciseness of sample containment and support. In particular we addressed the use of a cylindrical aluminum sample cell with a 0.010’’ polycrystalline (cold rolled) beryllium window electron –beam welded to an aluminum frame. See Figure 1. This cell permitted analysis of various air-sensitive specimens. The sample was pressed against the back of the beryllium window by a spring-loaded backing plate.

Effect of X-ray Tube Window Thickness on Detection Limits for Light Elements in XRF Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Whalen ◽  
D. Clark Turner
Keyword(s):  
Light Element ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Absorption Data ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
X Ray Background

Abstract Widespread interest in light element analysis using XRF has stimulated the development of thin x-ray tube windows. Thinner windows enhance the soft x-ray output of the tube, which more efficiently excite the light elements in the sample. A computer program that calculates the effect of window thickness on light element sample fluorescence has been developed. The code uses an NIST algorithm to calculate the x-ray tube spectrum given various tube parameters such as beryllium window thickness, operating voyage, anode composition, and take-off angle. The interaction of the tube radiation with the sample matrix is modelled to provide the primary and secondary fluorescence from the sample. For x-rays in the energy region 30 - 1000 eV the mass attenuation coefficients were interpolated from the photo absorption data compilation of Henke, et al. The code also calculates the x-ray background due to coherent and incoherent scatter from the sample, as well as the contribution of such scatter to the sample fluorescence. Given the sample fluorescence and background the effect of tube window thickness on detection limits for light elements can be predicted.

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