scholarly journals Biotic degradation of acetonitrile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bagwell ◽  
Robert Asmussen
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Degradation

scholarly journals Environmental fate and effects assessment of human pharmaceuticals: lessons learnt from regulatory data

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schwarz ◽  
Daniela Gildemeister ◽  
Arne Hein ◽  
Patrick Schröder ◽  
Jean Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Marketing Approval ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Effect Data ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Biotic Degradation ◽  
High Sorption

AbstractHuman pharmaceuticals are extensively studied and assessed before marketing approval. Since 2006, this also includes an assessment of environmental risks. In the European Union, this is based on the guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00 corr 2), which is currently under revision. For Germany, the German Environment Agency (UBA) is tasked with the evaluation of environmental risks of human pharmaceuticals. Applicants seeking approval of medicinal products need to submit fate and effect data, in case predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) exceed 10 ng/L in surface waters, or the substance is of specific concern through its mode of action or physico-chemical characteristics.Over the last decade, this regulatory work resulted in an internal agency database containing effect data on approximately 300 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A considerable part of this data is currently not publicly available due to property rights held by the respective applicants. The database was evaluated to draw conclusions on how the current assessment approach may be improved.The evaluation of aquatic effect data shows considerable variation in ecotoxic effect concentrations, but supports the current use of 10 ng/L as PEC action limit. For endocrine-active substances and antibiotics, a clear sensitivity profile was observed, which allows a more targeted assessment in the future. The conclusions drawn from terrestrial effect data are less clear, as the database itself is biased because information is only available for substances with high sorption. Further adaptations of the terrestrial assessment strategy, including action triggers, appear necessary. Fate data show a high persistence of many APIs: approximately 43% of all APIs are classified as very persistent; 12% of these show DT50 values in a range where abiotic or biotic degradation is not expected.Overall, the evaluation has shown that improvements of the current guideline are possible.

Photo-catalytic and biotic degradation of polystyrene packaging film: effect of zinc oxide photocatalyst nanoparticles and nanoclay

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 130972
Author(s):  
Leila Abolghasemi Fakhri ◽  
Babak Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
Jalal Dehghannya ◽  
Farhang Abbasi ◽  
Said Dadashi
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Packaging Film ◽  
Biotic Degradation

Elevated temperatures drive abiotic and biotic degradation of organic matter in a peat bog under oxic conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 150045
Author(s):  
Roya AminiTabrizi ◽  
Katerina Dontsova ◽  
Nathalia Graf Grachet ◽  
Malak M. Tfaily
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Biotic Degradation

scholarly journals Microbial Isotopic Fractionation of Perchlorate Chlorine

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4997-5000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max L. Coleman ◽  
Magali Ader ◽  
Swades Chaudhuri ◽  
John D. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Stable Isotope Composition ◽  
Biotic Degradation ◽  
Chlorine Stable Isotope

ABSTRACT Perchlorate contamination can be microbially respired to innocuous chloride and thus can be treated effectively. However, monitoring a bioremediative strategy is often difficult due to the complexities of environmental samples. Here we demonstrate that microbial respiration of perchlorate results in a significant fractionation (∼−15‰) of the chlorine stable isotope composition of perchlorate. This can be used to quantify the extent of biotic degradation and to separate biotic from abiotic attenuation of this contaminant.

scholarly journals Application of compound-specific isotope analysis combined with molecular modeling to evaluate abiotic and biotic degradation of DNAN and NTO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Wang ◽  
Linnea Heraty ◽  
Adam Wallace ◽  
Mark Fuller ◽  
Paul Hatzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Compound Specific Isotope Analysis ◽  
Biotic Degradation

Abiotic Degradation of Oil Asphaltens

2021 ◽  
Vol 627 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
K. V. Shabalin ◽  
◽  
L. E. Foss ◽  
L. I. Musin ◽  
O. A. Nagornova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Degradation ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Intense Electron Beams ◽  
Biotic Degradation ◽  
Intense Electron

This review is devoted to the generalization and systematization of the available literature data on the processes of abiotic degradation of asphaltenes, which can occur in natural conditions. In particular, it was shown that exposure to sunlight, and especially UV radiation, triggers photolysis and photooxidation reactions in asphaltenes, leading to an increase in the oxygen content in them, thereby shifting the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance towards hydrophilicity. At the same time the availability of reaction products for subsequent biotic degradation by microorganisms is increased. Exposure to ionizing radiation does not lead to a significant change in the molecular composition of asphaltenes, due to their high radiation resistance. As exception there is the irradiation of asphaltenes with intense electron beams, which leads to their significant degradation.

Biostimulation enhanced the biotic degradation of hexabromocyclododecane in sediments

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2859-2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hale Demirtepe ◽  
Ipek Imamoglu
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Degradation

Evaluation of the rate of abiotic and biotic degradation of oxo-degradable polyethylene

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Portillo ◽  
Oxana Yashchuk ◽  
Élida Hermida
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Degradation

Abiotic and biotic degradation of oxo-biodegradable polyethylenes

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telmo F.M. Ojeda ◽  
Emilene Dalmolin ◽  
Maria M.C. Forte ◽  
Rodrigo J.S. Jacques ◽  
Fátima M. Bento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Degradation

Abiotic and biotic degradation of aliphatic polyesters from “petro” versus “green” resources

1998 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigbritt Karlsson ◽  
Ann-Christine Albertsson
Keyword(s):  
Aliphatic Polyesters ◽  
Biotic Degradation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document