Study of Dependence of Softening Point on Mesophase Content of Petroleum Pitches from Heavy Pyrolysis Resin and Decantoil

Samples of petroleum pitches were obtained from heavy pyrolysis resin and decantoil (heavy gas-oil of catalytic cracking) by thermal polycondensation at atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 380–400 and 410–440°С (for resin and decantoil, respectively) and isothermal holding time of 30–480 min. Analysis of the dependence of the softening point on the mesophase content for the obtained samples showed that at the same mesophase content, decantoil pitches exhibit a lower softening point compared to pyrolysis resin pitches, for which, even at 30 % mesophase, the softening point approaches 300°C. This suggests that it is impossible to obtain pitch from pyrolysis resin with high mesophase content without preliminary preparation (for example, by hydrogenation). On the other hand, it has been shown that for pitches from decantoil, it is possible to isolate the mesophase up to 65% or more with a softening point not higher than 250°C.

Estimation of Efficiency of Functional Additives in Winter Diesel Fuels of Different Hydrocarbon-Type Content

The paper reviews the structural and group composition of three basic winter diesel fuels and its influence on the low-temperature and lubricating properties of fuels. It is shown that a high content of saturated hydrocarbons, primarily medium-molecular n-alkanes, and arenes with a higher proportion of substitution leads to a deterioration of low-temperature properties. A decrease in the proportion of medium-molecular alkanes and even a slight increase in the content of bi - and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons impairs the lubricating properties of the fuel.The influence of the component composition of diesel fuels on the effectiveness of anti-wear and depressor-dispersing additives was noted. The study of compatibility of additives of different functional actions revealed that the anti-wear additive based on fatty acids of tallow oil does not affect the activity of the depressant-dispersing additive, while the combined use of these additives slightly worsens the lubricating properties, but does not lead this indicator beyond the established standards.

Derivatives Based on 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazole as Multifunctional Additives for Lubricating Oils

Additives’ research remains relevant to many oil companies for this day. The dynamically developing market of lubricants requires the search for promising products for their production and the preparation of new compositions. In the last decade the strategic context for domestic oil refining has been the development of its own additives, compositions and packages of additives. The article discusses the trend of the selection of promising products based on a compound, which is the basis for the synthesis of multifunctional additives.

Abiotic Degradation of Oil Asphaltens

This review is devoted to the generalization and systematization of the available literature data on the processes of abiotic degradation of asphaltenes, which can occur in natural conditions. In particular, it was shown that exposure to sunlight, and especially UV radiation, triggers photolysis and photooxidation reactions in asphaltenes, leading to an increase in the oxygen content in them, thereby shifting the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance towards hydrophilicity. At the same time the availability of reaction products for subsequent biotic degradation by microorganisms is increased. Exposure to ionizing radiation does not lead to a significant change in the molecular composition of asphaltenes, due to their high radiation resistance. As exception there is the irradiation of asphaltenes with intense electron beams, which leads to their significant degradation.

Comparison the Results of the Efficiency of the Simulation the Rectification Processes Using Real and Pseudocomponents

Today the stable work of a petrochemical plant and its installations, as well as its efficiency, mostly depends on the reliable and optimal operation of technological equipment. It is very common that technological equipment complexes do not work in an optimal mode, despite the fact that they are controlled by modern automated control systems. If the equipment is stopped for any reason, then no best technology or management systems can compensate for the economic costs and losses that arise in the event of equipment downtime. The solution to this problem is to create computer models that allow you to cover the technological equipment from a single point of view and conduct a number of necessary experiments without resorting to existing equipment. The computer model of the rectification unit is implemented when modeling the section of the technological scheme for the production of liquid fuel of the vacuum gasoil hydrocracking unit.

Method of Fuels and Lubricants Performance Properties Requirements Management

The cost-effective method of fuels and lubricants performance properties requirements management is proposed. Method ensures effectiveness enhancement of equipment and of fuels and lubricants life cycles; it includes requirements establishment (constructing of conceptual and empirical models of requirements), their quantitative expression through highly informative indicators of fuels and lubricants propensity for transformations, then approbation with the use of laboratory, bench and test stands tests, specification, assessment of realization in real world equipment operational conditions, effectiveness evaluation and modification of requirements. Some illustrations of application of the new method phases with regards to motor fuels and hydraulic fluid are provided.

Salts of Sulfated Oleic Acid Amides as Acid Corrosion Inhibitors

This work is a continuation in a series of studies on the preparation of acid corrosion inhibitors based on carboxylic acids. A method of synthesis of acid corrosion inhibitors based on oleic acid amides has been developed. Several syntheses have been carried out to increase its inhibitory properties. The substances were obtained in several stages. At the first stage, amino alcohols were added to the ОA, then the resulting compounds were sulfonated with sulfuric acid. To expand the field of various inhibitors, reactions with bases are produced. As a result, salts of sulfated amides of oleic acid synthesized with amino nitrates, sulfuric acid and aqueous solutions of bases were formed. To establish the effectiveness of the compounds obtained, the protective ability in dilute hydrochloric acid was evaluated. It is established that some of the obtained substances exhibit the corresponding properties of inhibitors. In this case, the most effective is the ammonium salt of sulfated diethanolamide oleic acid.

Determination of the Strength Characteristics of Bituminous-Mineral Mixtures

The paper presents the results of the development and testing of a laboratory method for determining the strength characteristics of bitumen-mineral mixtures on the Lintel PK-21-01 strength meter. The conditions for testing the strength of bitumen-mineral mixtures are selected. The dependence between the bitumen adhesion index and the compressive strength of samples of bitumen-mineral mixtures based on it, determined according to the developed method, is shown. A decrease in the strength and adhesive properties of the binder was found with an increase in the content of the DST-30-01 polymer in bitumen. It is proposed to evaluate the possibility of performing research for the development of new types of bitumen products, to develop various production technologies and to select the optimal parameters for its production on the basis of standardized methods of testing bitumen and the developed methodology for determining the strength characteristics of bitumen-mineral mixtures.

Development of Technology and Production Features

Slavneft-YANOS PJSC has developed and produced high oxidized roofing bitumen of unparalleled in Russia grade BNK 115/15. The distinctive characteristic of roofing bitumen BNK 115/15 is its high softening point (110-119°C) while preserving good elasticity. Interval of needlge penetration depth at 25°C is 10-25 0.1 mm. Bitumen is demanded at manufacturers of roofing materials. Its production technology features have been reviewed.

Zero Percent of Light Products in Mazut. Illusion or Reasonable Perspective?

Yield of light products on atmospheric vacuum piepstill units is suggested to increase by means of making more heavy 95% boiling point of diesel fuel from 360°C (GOST requirements) to 365°C. Then fraction composition is getting lighter due to hydrogenating of aromatic compounds in heavy part of diesel fuel during hydrotreating. Test run confirmed the correctness of theoretical insights.